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International Journal of Chronic... 2024To investigate the value of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and ApoA1/B ratio in pathogenic diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)...
PURPOSE
To investigate the value of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and ApoA1/B ratio in pathogenic diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated by acute lower respiratory tract infection, assisting comprehensive disease assessment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study enrolled 171 COPD patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections, 35 COPD patients without acute lower respiratory tract infections, and 41 healthy controls. Correlation analysis and binary logistic regression were used to assess the roles of various factors in COPD with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and area under curves (AUC) values were calculated to evaluate the predictive performance.
RESULTS
Infections were the cause of alterations in ApoA1, ApoB and ApoA1/B index. In correlation analysis for pathogenic diagnosis of COPD complicated by acute lower respiratory infections, age, ApoA1, ApoA1/B ratio, lymphocyte count (LYMPH), neutrophil count (NEUT), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and endotoxin were significantly correlated. For predicting COPD complicated by acute lower respiratory tract bacterial infection, ApoA1 had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC: 0.889), with sensitivity and specificity of 82.9% and 83.9%, respectively. The combination of NEUT and ApoA1 improved the prediction efficacy (AUC: 0.909; sensitivity/specificity: 85.1%/85.7%).
CONCLUSION
ApoA1, ApoB, and ApoA1/B ratio are good indicators for predicting pathogens in COPD complicated by acute lower respiratory tract infection, especially ApoA1 which has high predictive value.
Topics: Humans; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins B; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 38292140
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S441503 -
Atherosclerosis Jan 2024The relationship between genetically-driven liver fat and coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. ApoB-containing lipoproteins are known causal factors for CHD and...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between genetically-driven liver fat and coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. ApoB-containing lipoproteins are known causal factors for CHD and may explain this relationship.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the UK Biobank to identify genetic variants associated with liver fat. We then investigated the effects that these genetic variants had on both apoB-containing lipoproteins and CHD. Using Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses, we examined if the relationship between genetically-driven liver fat and CHD could be attributed to its effect on apoB-containing lipoproteins. We found 25 independent liver-fat associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with differing effects on lipoprotein metabolism. The SNPs were classified into three groups/clusters. The first cluster (N = 3 SNPs) displayed lipoprotein-raising effects. The second cluster (N = 12 SNPs) displayed neutral effects on lipoproteins and the third cluster (N = 10 SNPs) displayed lipoprotein-lowering effects. For every 1% higher liver fat, the first cluster showed an increased risk of CHD (OR = 1.157 [95% CI: 1.108-1.208]). The second cluster showed a non-significant effect on CHD (OR = 0.988 [95% CI: 0.965-1.012], whereas the third cluster showed a protective effect of increased liver fat on CHD (OR = 0.942 [95% CI: 0.897-0.989]). When adjusting for apoB, the risk for CHD became null.
CONCLUSIONS
Here, we identify 25 liver-fat associated SNPs. We find that SNPs that increase, decrease or have neutral effects on apoB-containing lipoproteins show increased, decreased or neutral effects on CHD, respectively. Therefore, the relationship between genetically-driven liver fat and CHD is mediated by the causal effect of apoB.
Topics: Humans; Apolipoproteins B; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Lipoproteins; Liver; Mendelian Randomization Analysis
PubMed: 38102060
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117397 -
Cardiovascular Revascularization... Apr 2024Apolipoprotein (apo) levels are associated with coronary risk. However, the relationship between apo levels after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and long-term...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Apolipoprotein (apo) levels are associated with coronary risk. However, the relationship between apo levels after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between lipid levels, including apo, at follow-up, and long-term MACEs in patients undergoing PCI.
METHODS/MATERIALS
In total, 241 patients who underwent PCI between January 2004 and August 2008 were included in this study. MACEs were defined as cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, or coronary revascularization of new lesions. The primary endpoint was MACE, and the secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death and acute coronary syndrome.
RESULTS
During a mean follow-up period of 2079 days, the following cardiovascular events occurred in 78 patients: cardiovascular death (n = 1), non-fatal acute myocardial infarctions (n = 10), and revascularizations of new lesions (n = 67). Multivariate cox's proportional hazards analysis showed that the apo B level was an independent risk factor for MACEs (hazard ratio 1.11, 95 % confidence interval 1.03-1.20; P = 0.009). In the Kaplan-Meier estimation for primary endpoints, significant differences were observed in the apo B level and apo B/apo A1 ratio (P = 0.04 and P = 0.004, respectively). However, there was no difference in the LDL-C level and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. At the secondary endpoint, only the apo B/apo A1 ratio was a prognostic factor (P = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS
In the long-term cardiovascular events of patients undergoing PCI, the apo B level and apo B/apo A1 ratio were more valuable prognostic factors for cardiovascular events compared to the LDL-C level and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Cholesterol, LDL; Apolipoprotein A-I; Risk Factors; Apolipoproteins B; Death
PubMed: 37872021
DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.10.012 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023Circadian rhythms, which are governed by a circadian clock, regulate important biological processes associated with obesity. SNPs in circadian clock genes have been...
Circadian rhythms, which are governed by a circadian clock, regulate important biological processes associated with obesity. SNPs in circadian clock genes have been linked to energy and lipid homeostasis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations of CLOCK and REV-ERBα SNPs with BMI and plasma lipid levels in pre-pubertal boys and girls. The study sample population comprised 1268 children aged 6-8 years. Information regarding anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid concentrations was available. Genotyping of CLOCK SNPs rs1801260, rs4580704, rs3749474, rs3736544 and rs4864548 and REV-ERBα SNPs rs2017427, rs20711570 and rs2314339 was performed by RT-PCR. The CLOCK SNPs rs3749474 and rs4864548 were significantly associated with BMI in girls but no in boys. Female carriers of the minor alleles for these SNPs presented lower BMI compared to non-carriers. A significant association of the REV-ERBα SNP rs2071570 with plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Apo B in males was also observed. Male AA carriers showed lower plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Apo B levels as compared with carriers of the C allele. No significant associations between any of the studied REV-ERBα SNPs and plasma lipid levels were observed in females. In summary, CLOCK and REV-ERBα SNPs were associated with BMI and plasma lipid levels respectively in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that sex-related factors may interact with Clock genes SNPs conditioning the effects of these polymorphisms on circadian alterations.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Apolipoproteins B; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, LDL; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1
PubMed: 38092833
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49506-2 -
The International Journal of... Mar 2024Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) continues to be a major health concern globally. Apolipoprotein (Apo) B/A1 ratio is a reliable predictor of ASCVD and an...
Association between apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio and quantities of tissue prolapse on optical coherence tomography examination in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) continues to be a major health concern globally. Apolipoprotein (Apo) B/A1 ratio is a reliable predictor of ASCVD and an important factor in assessing the risk of myocardial infarction. Tissue prolapse (TP) is defined as the tissue extrusion into the lumen through the stent struts after implantation, which is a significant factor for poor short-term outcomes such as acute and subacute thrombosis, severe myocardial necrosis, and vulnerable plaque. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Apo B/A1, plaque vulnerability, and tissue prolapse on optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study enrolled 199 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Both pre- and post-procedural optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations were conducted to assess TP volume and plaque morphology. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for tissue prolapse volume. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to evaluate the value of the Apo B/A1 ratio for tissue prolapse volume. The high Apo B/A1 ratio group showed a larger TP volume (P = 0.001) and a higher percentage of plaque rupture and erosion in comparison to the low Apo B/A1 ratio group (P = 0.022 and P = 0.008). The high Apo B/A1 ratio group and the high TP volume group also had a higher proportion of thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) (P = 0.046, P = 0.021). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both Apo B/A1 ratio (odds ratio [OR]: 1.041, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007-1.076; P = 0.019) and TCFA (OR: 3.199, 95%CI 1.133-9.031; 0.028) were significantly related to high TP volume. Furthermore, the area under the curve (AUC) for predictive value of TP volume was 0.635 for Apo B/A1 (95% CI 0.554-0.717, P = 0.002) compared to 0.615 for low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (95% CI 0.533-0.697, P = 0.008). The Apo B/A1 ratio is an independent predictor of TP volume on OCT and is related to plaque vulnerability.
Topics: Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Cardiovascular Diseases; Predictive Value of Tests; Atherosclerosis; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Myocardial Infarction; Prolapse; Apolipoproteins B; Apolipoproteins; Coronary Vessels
PubMed: 38198058
DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-03023-5 -
Clinical Interventions in Aging 2023The measurement of serum biomarkers is a promising decision aid in the assessment of atherosclerosis. However, data on the levels and epidemiological distribution of...
BACKGROUND
The measurement of serum biomarkers is a promising decision aid in the assessment of atherosclerosis. However, data on the levels and epidemiological distribution of serum biomarkers of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the oldest-old are limited. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CAS serum biomarkers in the oldest-old over 80 and explore their predictive value for CAS.
METHODS
As part of the China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study, a total of 1565 individuals over 80 years old were included. Atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid plaque and carotid intima-media thickness. Serum biomarker levels, demographic indicators, and physical examination indicators were detected. Prediction factors correlated to the CAS were explored by logistic regression and verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Multivariate regression models were fitted, along with subgroup analysis and robustness tests.
RESULTS
Among the oldest-old population, 83.5% (1306) had CAS. In a fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rhythm (HR), serum homocysteine (Hcy), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels were significantly and positively associated with CAS in the oldest-old (P < 0.001). ROC analysis indicated that the combination of serum Hcy, ApoB, SBP, and HR increased the predictive value for CAS in the oldest-old (area under the curve: 0.856, 95% CI: 0.803-0.879; sensitivity: 81.8%; specificity: 85.9%).
CONCLUSION
SBP, HR, Hcy and ApoB are independent risk factors for CAS in the oldest-old. The specific set of biomarkers and their combination with other risk markers may be a promising strategy for assessing CAS in the elderly, especially in global aging.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Aged; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Cohort Studies; Carotid Artery Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Risk Factors; Apolipoproteins B; Homocysteine
PubMed: 38033754
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S428776 -
Journal of Lipid Research Mar 2024Alcohol binge drinking allows the translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gut to the blood, which activates the peripheral immune system with...
Alcohol binge drinking allows the translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gut to the blood, which activates the peripheral immune system with consequences in neuroinflammation. A possible access/direct signaling of LPS to/in the brain has not yet been described under alcohol abuse conditions. Apolipoproteins are compounds altered by alcohol with high affinity to LPS which may be involved in its transport to the brain or in its elimination. Here, we explored the expression of small components of LPS, in its free form or bound to apolipoproteins, in the brain of female and male rats exposed to alcohol binges. Animals received ethanol oral gavages (3 g/kg every 8 h) for 4 days. LPS or its components (Lipid A and core), LPS-binding protein, corticosterone, lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), apolipoproteins (ApoAI, ApoB, and ApoE), and their receptors were measured in plasma and/or in nonperfused prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum. Brain LipidA-apolipoprotein aggregates were determined by Western blotting and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. In animals exposed to alcohol binges: 1) plasma LPS-binding protein was elevated in both sexes; 2) females showed elevations in plasma ApoAI and corticosterone levels; 3) Lipid A formed aggregates with ApoAI in the female PFC and with ApoB in males, the latter showing Toll-like receptor 4 upregulation in PFC but not females. These results suggest that small bacterial components are present within the brain, forming aggregates with different apolipoproteins, depending on the sex, after alcohol binge intoxications. Results may have implications for the crosstalk between alcohol, LPS, and neuroinflammation.
Topics: Rats; Male; Female; Animals; Lipopolysaccharides; Ethanol; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Lipid A; Corticosterone; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins E; Brain; Apolipoproteins B
PubMed: 38295984
DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100509 -
Cardiovascular Research May 2024Probiotics with high bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity have shown to promote cardiovascular health. However, their mechanism(s) of action remain poorly understood....
AIMS
Probiotics with high bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity have shown to promote cardiovascular health. However, their mechanism(s) of action remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a pilot exploratory study to investigate effects of a 4-week intervention with escalating doses of a BSH-active formula containing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains KABP011, KABP012, and KABP013 on bile acid (BA), lipid profile, and lipoprotein function.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Healthy overweight individuals were included in this study. The probiotic intake was associated with a progressive decrease of conjugated BAs in serum, due to the reduction of tauro- and glyco-conjugated forms. Plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor-19 were significantly reduced and correlated with BA changes. The probiotic induced significant changes in serum lipids, with reduction in non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDLc) and LDL cholesterol (LDLc) levels. The largest decrease was evidenced in the subgroup with higher baseline LDLc levels (LDLc > 130 mg/dL). Fasting levels of circulating apolipoprotein(Apo) B100 and ApoB48 were significantly reduced. Importantly, the decrease in non-HDLc levels was associated with a significant reduction in small LDL particles. Functional testing indicated that LDL particles had a significantly lower susceptibility to oxidation, while HDL particles gained antioxidant capacity after the probiotic intake. The microbiota profile in faeces collected at the end of the study was enriched with members of class Desulfovibrio, a taurine-consuming bacteria, likely because of the increase in free taurine in the gut due to the BSH activity of the probiotic.
CONCLUSION
The intervention with L. plantarum strains induces beneficial effects on BA signature and lipoprotein profile. It reduces ApoB and small LDL levels and LDL susceptibility to oxidation and increases HDL antioxidant capacity. These metabolic profile changes suggest increased protection against atherosclerotic disease.
Topics: Probiotics; Humans; Bile Acids and Salts; Male; Female; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Adult; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Lactobacillus plantarum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Time Factors; Apolipoprotein B-100; Amidohydrolases; Apolipoprotein B-48; Treatment Outcome; Cholesterol, LDL; Fibroblast Growth Factors
PubMed: 38525555
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae061 -
JCI Insight Aug 2023Dyslipidemia in obesity results from excessive production and impaired clearance of triglyceride-rich (TG-rich) lipoproteins, which are particularly pronounced in the...
Dyslipidemia in obesity results from excessive production and impaired clearance of triglyceride-rich (TG-rich) lipoproteins, which are particularly pronounced in the postprandial state. Here, we investigated the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on postprandial VLDL1 and VLDL2 apoB and TG kinetics and their relationship with insulin-responsiveness indices. Morbidly obese patients without diabetes who were scheduled for RYGB surgery (n = 24) underwent a lipoprotein kinetics study during a mixed-meal test and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study before the surgery and 1 year later. A physiologically based computational model was developed to investigate the impact of RYGB surgery and plasma insulin on postprandial VLDL kinetics. After the surgery, VLDL1 apoB and TG production rates were significantly decreased, whereas VLDL2 apoB and TG production rates remained unchanged. The TG catabolic rate was increased in both VLDL1 and VLDL2 fractions, but only the VLDL2 apoB catabolic rate tended to increase. Furthermore, postsurgery VLDL1 apoB and TG production rates, but not those of VLDL2, were positively correlated with insulin resistance. Insulin-mediated stimulation of peripheral lipoprotein lipolysis was also improved after the surgery. In summary, RYGB resulted in reduced hepatic VLDL1 production that correlated with reduced insulin resistance, elevated VLDL2 clearance, and improved insulin sensitivity in lipoprotein lipolysis pathways.
Topics: Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Kinetics; Obesity, Morbid; Lipoproteins; Apolipoproteins B; Bariatric Surgery
PubMed: 37432744
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166905 -
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Sep 2023To investigate the apolipoprotein C-3 (APOC3) gene Ⅰ polymorphism and its relationship with changes in serum lipids in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the apolipoprotein C-3 (APOC3) gene Ⅰ polymorphism and its relationship with changes in serum lipids in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
METHODS
A total of 630 pregnant women with GDM and 1027 normal pregnant controls were covered in the study. The genotype and allele frequencies of 3 Ⅰ polymorphism were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose (Glu) were measured by enzymatic methods. Plasma insulin (INS) was measured by chemiluminescence. Apolipoproteins A 1 (apoA1) and B (apoB) levels were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay.
RESULTS
The allele frequencies of S1 and S2 of the 3 polymorphism at the Ⅰ locus were 0.704 and 0.296 in the GDM group and 0.721 and 0.279 in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference in genotype frequency and allele frequency of 3 Ⅰ polymorphism between the GDM and the control groups ( >0.05). In the GDM group, those with S2S2 and S1S2 genotypes had higher plasma HDL-C levels and lower atherogenic index (AI) values than those with S1S1 genotype did, with the differences being statistically significant (all <0.05). GDM patients were then divided into obesity and non-obesity subgroups. Further subgroup analysis showed that the association of 3 genotype with changes in HDL-C levels was observed only in obese GDM patients, while the association of 3 genotype with changes in AI values was observed in both obese and nonobese patients. In addition, in obese GDM patients, those with S2S2 genotype had significantly higher plasma TG levels than those with S1S1 and S1S2 genotypes did ( <0.05 and <0.01, respectively). In non-obese GDM patients, those with S2S2 genotype had significantly lower apoB/apoA1 ratio than S2S2 carriers did ( <0.05). No genotype-related effect on lipid and apolipoprotein variations was evident in the normal controls.
CONCLUSION
3 Ⅰ polymorphism in GDM patients is associated with HDL-C and TG levels as well as AI value and apoB/apoA1 ratio. The changes in lipid levels and apolipoprotein ratio showed BMI-dependent features. However, association between polymorphism at the locus and the development of GDM was not observed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoprotein C-III; Apolipoproteins B; Apolipoproteins C; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes, Gestational; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Obesity; Triglycerides
PubMed: 37866958
DOI: 10.12182/20230960505