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Asian Journal of Surgery Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Appendix
PubMed: 38148262
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.12.115 -
Molecular Neurobiology Nov 2023Three retrospective lymphoreticular tissue studies (Appendix I, II, and III) aimed to estimate the UK prevalence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), following...
Conservation of vCJD Strain Properties After Extraction and In Vitro Propagation of PrP from Archived Formalin-Fixed Brain and Appendix Tissues Using Highly Sensitive Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification.
Three retrospective lymphoreticular tissue studies (Appendix I, II, and III) aimed to estimate the UK prevalence of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), following exposure of the population to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent, in the late 1980s and 1990s. These studies evaluated the presence of abnormal prion protein aggregates, in archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) appendectomy samples, by immunohistochemical detection. Although there was concordance in the estimated prevalence of vCJD from these studies, the identification of positive specimens from pre- and post-BSE-exposure periods in Appendix III study has raised questions regarding the nature and origin of the detected abnormal prion protein. We applied a robust and novel approach in the extraction of disease-associated prion protein (PrP) present in frozen and FFPE samples of brain and appendix from a patient with pathologically confirmed vCJD. The extracted material was used to seed the highly sensitive protein misfolding cyclic amplification assay (hsPMCA) to investigate the in vitro and in vivo propagation properties of the extracted abnormal prion protein. We demonstrate that PrP can be successfully extracted from FFPE appendix tissue and propagated in vitro. Bioassay in wild-type and gene-targeted mouse models confirmed that the extracted and amplified product is infectious and retains strain properties consistent with vCJD. This provides a highly sensitive and reliable platform for subsequent analysis of the archived FFPE appendix tissue derived from the Appendix II and III surveys, to further evaluate the nature of the abnormal PrP detected in the positive samples.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Cattle; Humans; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; Prion Proteins; Retrospective Studies; Brain; Prions; Prion Diseases; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform
PubMed: 37442858
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03444-2 -
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E... 2024To evaluate the association between clinical and imaging with surgical and pathological findings in patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumor of appendix and/or...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between clinical and imaging with surgical and pathological findings in patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumor of appendix and/or appendix endometriosis.
METHODS
Retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Teaching and Research Institute of , in which medical records and databases of patients with suspected neuroendocrine tumor of appendix and/or endometriosis of appendix were analyzed by imaging.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients were included, all of which had some type of appendix alteration on the ultrasound examination. The pathological outcome of the appendix found 25 (89.3%) lesions compatible with endometriosis and three (10.7%) neuroendocrine tumors. The clinical findings of imaging and surgery were compared with the result of pathological anatomy by means of relative frequency.
CONCLUSION
It was possible to observe a higher prevalence of appendix endometriosis when the patient presented more intense pain symptoms. The image observed on ultrasound obtained a high positive predictive value for appendicular endometriosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Endometriosis; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Ultrasonography; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Appendix; Middle Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Young Adult; Appendiceal Neoplasms; Cecal Diseases
PubMed: 38765516
DOI: 10.61622/rbgo/2024AO01 -
Swiss Medical Weekly Aug 2023Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an established therapy for recurrent C. difficile infection, and recent studies have reported encouraging results of FMT in... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an established therapy for recurrent C. difficile infection, and recent studies have reported encouraging results of FMT in patients with ulcerative colitis. Few international consensus guidelines exist for this therapy, and thus FMT policies and practices differ among European countries. As of 2019, stool transplants are considered a non-standardised medicinal product in Switzerland, and a standardised production process requires authorisation by the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products. This authorisation leads to prolonged administrative procedures and increasing costs, which reduces treatment accessibility. In particular, patients with ulcerative colitis in Switzerland can only benefit from FMT off-label, even though it is a valid therapeutic option. Therefore, this study summarised the available data on FMT and established a framework for the standardised use of FMT.
METHODS
A panel of Swiss gastroenterologists with a special interest in inflammatory bowel disease was established to identify the current key issues of FMT. After a comprehensive review of the literature, statements were formulated about FMT indications, donor screening, stool transplant preparation and administration, and safety aspects. The panel then voted on the statements following the Delphi process; the statements were reformulated and revoted until a consensus was reached. The manuscript was then reviewed by an infectiologist (the head of Lausanne's FMT centre).
RESULTS
The established statements are summarised in the supplementary tables in the appendix to this paper. The working group hopes these will help standardise FMT practice in Switzerland and contribute to making faecal microbiota transplantation a safe and accessible treatment for patients with recurrent C. difficile infections and selected patients with ulcerative colitis, as well as other indications in the future.
Topics: Humans; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colitis, Ulcerative; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Switzerland; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37769622
DOI: 10.57187/smw.2023.40100 -
Nature Communications Jan 2024The microbiome in a specific human organ has been well-studied, but few reports have investigated the multi-organ microbiome as a whole. Here, we aim to analyse the...
The microbiome in a specific human organ has been well-studied, but few reports have investigated the multi-organ microbiome as a whole. Here, we aim to analyse the intra-individual inter-organ and intra-organ microbiome in deceased humans. We collected 1608 samples from 53 sites of 7 surface organs (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, appendix, large intestine and skin; n = 33 subjects) and performed microbiome profiling, including 16S full-length sequencing. Microbial diversity varied dramatically among organs, and core microbial species co-existed in different intra-individual organs. We deciphered microbial changes across distinct intra-organ sites, and identified signature microbes, their functional traits, and interactions specific to each site. We revealed significant microbial heterogeneity between paired mucosa-lumen samples of stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Finally, we established the landscape of inter-organ relationships of microbes along the digestive tract. Therefore, we generate a catalogue of bacterial composition, diversity, interaction, functional traits, and bacterial translocation in human at inter-organ and intra-organ levels.
Topics: Humans; Bacterial Translocation; Stomach; Appendix; Microbiota; Mouth
PubMed: 38199995
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44720-6 -
Blood Advances Nov 2023Advances in the treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have resulted in a growing survivor population. There is a lack of data on long-term outcomes among...
Advances in the treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have resulted in a growing survivor population. There is a lack of data on long-term outcomes among adults with LCH. We conducted a retrospective record review of 219 adults (aged ≥18 years) with LCH. Most common presentation was multisystem (34.2%), followed by single-system pulmonary (32%), unifocal (28.3%), and single-system multifocal (5.5%) LCH. Risk organ involvement (the liver, spleen, or bone marrow) was seen in 8.7% of cases, and 40 of 88 (45.5%) tested cases were BRAFV600E. At a median follow-up of 74 months, 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 58.3% and estimated median PFS was 83 months. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached; 5- and 10-year OS rates were 88.7% and 74.5%, respectively. Risk organ involvement was associated with worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 4.5) and OS (HR, 10.8). BRAFV600E was not associated with risk organ involvement or survival. When compared with matched unaffected US population, individuals with LCH had a significantly higher risk of overall mortality (standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 2.66), specifically among those aged <55 years at diagnosis (SMR, 5.94) and those with multisystem disease (SMR, 4.12). Second cancers occurred in 16.4% cases, including diverse hematologic and solid organ malignancies. LCH-associated deaths constituted 36.1% of deaths and occurred within 5 years of diagnosis. After 5 years, non-LCH causes of death, including second cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, predominated. Our study highlights, to our knowledge, for the first time, that adults with LCH experience early and late mortality from non-LCH causes and the need for development of targeted survivorship programs to improve outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Adolescent; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Neoplasms; Spleen
PubMed: 37698994
DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010706 -
Food Safety (Tokyo, Japan) Sep 2023Foodborne pathogens, such as and spp., develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over time, resulting in compromised food safety. Therefore, this study aimed to determine...
Foodborne pathogens, such as and spp., develop antimicrobial resistance (AMR) over time, resulting in compromised food safety. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, compliance against Malaysia's veterinary standing procedure directive (APTVM 16 (c): 1/2011): Appendix 7, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of and spp., in raw poultry meat, poultry meat products, and poultry-based ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. Here, 699 raw poultry meat and meat products samples were obtained from selected hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP)-certified poultry meat-processing plants. Additionally, 377 samples of poultry-based RTE meals were collected from dine-in establishments and hospital catering facilities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. spp. and were present in 2.1% and 2.8% of the analyzed samples, respectively. spp isolated from raw poultry meat and its products displayed resistance to ampicillin (100%), chloramphenicol (87.0%), cefuroxime (60.9%), cefazolin (56.5%), and kanamycin (52.2%). Similarly, isolated from raw poultry meat, its products, and poultry-based RTE foods exhibited resistance against tetracycline, chloramphenicol, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, kanamycin, and cefoxitin. The multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) demonstrated by these foodborne pathogens makes their prevalence disconcerting. This highlights the need for more stringent monitoring and enduring sanitary and hygiene practices in HACCP establishments to prevent foodborne infections and potential transmission of AMR bacteria.
PubMed: 37745160
DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-23-00004 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023The prevalence of intestinal endometriosis has been estimated to be between 3% and 37% of all endometriosis cases. Cases of intestinal occlusion due to endometriosis... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of intestinal endometriosis has been estimated to be between 3% and 37% of all endometriosis cases. Cases of intestinal occlusion due to endometriosis foci on the small bowel and on the large bowel are even rarer, with a reported prevalence of 0.1-0.7%. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the available published evidence on the diagnosis, characteristics, and management of intestinal occlusion due to endometriosis. The search on PubMed retrieved 295 records, of which 158 were rejected following a review of the title and abstract. After reviewing the full text, 97 studies met the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) criteria and were included in the analysis. The total number of patients with bowel occlusion due to endometriosis included in the studies was 107. The occlusive endometrial foci were localized on the ileum in 38.3% of the cases, on the rectosigmoid in 34.5% of the cases, at the ileocecal junction and the appendix in 14.9% of the cases, and at the rectum in 10.2% of the cases. Only one case reported large bowel obstruction by endometriosis of the hepatic flexure of the colon extending to the transverse colon (0.9%), and in one case the obstruction was caused by an omental giant endometrioid cyst compressing the intestines. We identified six cases of postmenopausal females with acute bowel obstruction due to endometriosis. Malignant degeneration of endometriosis was also identified as a cause of intestinal occlusion. The mechanisms of obstruction include the presence of a mass in the lumen of the intestine or in the wall of the intestine, extrinsic compression, adhesions, or intussusception.
PubMed: 37835020
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196376