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Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Jul 2023Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that has long been recognized to occur secondary to acute neurologic insults and, more recently, to neurodegenerative... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that has long been recognized to occur secondary to acute neurologic insults and, more recently, to neurodegenerative diseases as a harbinger for progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome. This article reviews recent findings regarding the clinic phenotypes of AOS, neuroimaging correlates, and the underlying disease processes.
RECENT FINDINGS
Two clinical subtypes of AOS map onto two underlying 4-repeat tauopathies. New imaging techniques have recently been applied to the study of progressive AOS. There is no data on the impact of behavioral intervention, although studies of nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia that include patients with AOS suggest some benefit in speech intelligibility and maintenance. While recent findings suggest subtypes of AOS exist that are linked to molecular pathology and have important implications for disease progression, further research is needed to assess outcome of behavioral and other types of intervention.
Topics: Humans; Speech; Apraxias; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive; Neuroimaging; Neurodegenerative Diseases
PubMed: 37269450
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01275-1 -
Clinical Rheumatology Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Cogan Syndrome; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vasculitis
PubMed: 37270719
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06642-4 -
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy Jul 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system and is the primary cause of dementia. It is clinically... (Review)
Review
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system and is the primary cause of dementia. It is clinically characterized by the memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, visuospatial and executive dysfunction, behavioral changes, and so on. Incidence of this disease was bound up with age, genetic factors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction, and other basic diseases, but the exact etiology has not been clarified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that were involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. miRNAs have been extensively studied as noninvasive potential biomarkers for disease due to their relative stability in bodily fluids. In addition, they play a significant role in the physiological and pathological processes of various neurological disorders, including stroke, AD, and Parkinson's disease. MiR-155, as an important pro-inflammatory mediator of neuroinflammation, was reported to participate in the progression of β-amyloid peptide and tau via regulating immunity and inflammation. In this review, we put emphasis on the effects of miR-155 on AD and explore the underlying biological mechanisms which could provide a novel approach for diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Neurodegenerative Diseases; MicroRNAs; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37452431
DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01264-z -
Brain Communications 2023Apraxia of eyelid opening (or eye-opening apraxia) is characterized by the inability to voluntarily open the eyes because of impaired supranuclear control. Here, we...
Apraxia of eyelid opening (or eye-opening apraxia) is characterized by the inability to voluntarily open the eyes because of impaired supranuclear control. Here, we examined the neural substrates implicated in eye-opening apraxia through lesion network mapping. We analysed brain lesions from 27 eye-opening apraxia stroke patients and compared them with lesions from 20 aphasia and 45 hemiballismus patients serving as controls. Lesions were mapped onto a standard brain atlas using resting-state functional MRI data derived from 966 healthy adults in the Harvard Dataverse. Our analyses revealed that most eye-opening apraxia-associated lesions occurred in the right hemisphere, with subcortical or mixed cortical/subcortical involvement. Despite their anatomical heterogeneity, these lesions functionally converged on the bilateral dorsal anterior and posterior insula. The functional connectivity map for eye-opening apraxia was distinct from those for aphasia and hemiballismus. Hemiballismus lesions predominantly mapped onto the putamen, particularly the posterolateral region, while aphasia lesions were localized to language-processing regions, primarily within the frontal operculum. In summary, in patients with eye-opening apraxia, disruptions in the dorsal anterior and posterior insula may compromise their capacity to initiate the appropriate eyelid-opening response to relevant interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli, implicating a complex interplay between salience detection and motor execution.
PubMed: 37953849
DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad288