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Cureus Jul 2023Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of tooth bleaching with prior application of two different desensitizing agents such as sodium fluoride and 5%...
Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of tooth bleaching with prior application of two different desensitizing agents such as sodium fluoride and 5% potassium nitrate. Materials and methods A total of 108 extracted human maxillary central incisors were stained in black coffee solution and stored in artificial saliva for colour stabilization. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 36) according to the following protocols: (a) bleaching without desensitizer, (b) bleaching with prior application of sodium fluoride, and (c) bleaching with prior application of 5% potassium nitrate. After fabricating customized trays, desensitizers were applied for 10 minutes followed by 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel, which was in contact with the teeth for three hours. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated at baseline (after staining), 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day using a digital spectrophotometer. Results There was an increase in the overall colour change (∆E) from baseline to 14th day, which was statistically significant at cervical, middle, and incisal thirds of the teeth between the three groups with the sodium fluoride group showing decreased ∆E. Conclusions Carbamide peroxide (16%) showed improved whitening efficacy from baseline to the 14th day with increasing median values at all time periods. The sodium fluoride group showed decreased ∆E value when compared to other groups.
PubMed: 37546082
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41361 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2023The study aimed to evaluate the influence of various beverages; with and without brushing; on the surface mechanical properties of two resin composites.
BACKGROUND
The study aimed to evaluate the influence of various beverages; with and without brushing; on the surface mechanical properties of two resin composites.
METHODS
A total of 160 disc-shaped specimens were prepared for each of the following dental composites; nanohybrid ormocer (Admira fusion, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany). The baseline surface hardness and roughness measurements were carried out after 24 h. The composite samples were randomly distributed into one of the two groups; brushing and non-brushing, which were further divided into one of the four subgroups (n = 10); artificial saliva as control, coffee, red wine, and soft drink. In the non-brushing group, the specimens were immersed in the different beverages for five minutes three times daily for 30 days. The same procedure was done for the brushing group, in addition to brushing the specimens for five seconds. The surface hardness and roughness measurements were repeated after 30 days. One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The soft drink had the most deteriorating effect and artificial saliva had the least. The change in surface properties was higher in the brushing subgroups. Grandio exhibited a higher change in surface microhardness while Admira fusion exhibited a higher change in surface roughness.
CONCLUSIONS
The surface properties of both dental resin composites were negatively affected by using beverages and brushing.
Topics: Humans; Saliva, Artificial; Beverages; Composite Resins; Methacrylates; Surface Properties; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38053124
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03710-8 -
PloS One 2024Dental erosion is a chemical-mechanical process that leads to the loss of dental hard tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the...
AIM
Dental erosion is a chemical-mechanical process that leads to the loss of dental hard tissues. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on the enamel.
METHODS
Enamel blocks were randomly divided into three groups: deionized water, cola, and pomegranate juice. The blocks were immersed in the solutions four times a day for 14 days, and stored in artificial saliva for the remaining period. The surface hardness was measured on days 7 and 14. The surface structures of the demineralized blocks were observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the depth of demineralization was observed via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pH, calcium, and phosphorus levels of the three solutions were analyzed.
RESULTS
The microhardness values of the blocks in the pomegranate juice and cola groups decreased with the increase in the demineralization time. The blocks in the pomegranate juice group exhibited large fractures in the enamel column, whereas those in the cola group had pitted enamels with destruction of the interstitial enamel column. Compared with cola group, fluorescent penetration increased in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01). The pH of cola (2.32 ± 0.09) was lower than that of pomegranate juice (3.16 ± 0.16). Furthermore, the calcium content in pomegranate juice was significantly higher than that in cola (P < 0.01). Alternatively, the concentration of phosphorous in cola was significantly higher than that in pomegranate juice (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that pomegranate juice can cause enamel demineralization with an erosive potential comparable to that of cola.
Topics: Humans; Pomegranate; Calcium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Tooth Erosion; Hardness; Cola; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 38598496
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298404 -
Journal of International Society of... 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization effect of calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) in fluoride mouth rinse on permanent enamel eroded by a soft drink.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization effect of calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) in fluoride mouth rinse on permanent enamel eroded by a soft drink.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty sound permanent premolars were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and immersed in Coca-Cola to create erosive lesions. The teeth were divided into four groups ( 10): Group I artificial saliva; Group II sodium fluoride; Group III sodium fluoride + sodium monofluorophosphate; and Group IV sodium monofluorophosphate + CaGP. The specimens in the assigned groups underwent pH cycling for ten days. The baseline, after erosion, and after remineralization surface microhardness (SMH) values were determined. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean SMH value between groups and one-way repeated measures ANOVA for the mean SMH value within each group and Bonferroni's for multiple comparisons at a 95% confidence level were determined. The average SMH was used and calculated as the percentage recovery of SMH.
RESULTS
After being eroded by the cola soft drink, the mean SMH values in all groups were significantly decreased. After remineralization, Group I had the lowest %SMHR. The %SMHR of Groups II, III, and IV were significantly higher than Group I ( 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among Groups II, III, and IV ( 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Fluoride mouth rinse with and without CaGP showed similar efficacies in remineralizing eroded permanent enamel.
PubMed: 37876585
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_23_23 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sep 2023Humans, especially infants, are exposed to harmful substances through various means, including non-nutritive sucking behaviors. Here, we compared the "one-compartment...
Changes in oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in non-digestive sucking habits due to the formation of complexes between digestive fluid components and metals/metalloids.
Humans, especially infants, are exposed to harmful substances through various means, including non-nutritive sucking behaviors. Here, we compared the "one-compartment model" and the "three-compartment model" within the "suck model" to assess the oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in various products and evaluated whether these models can be employed to assess 12 heavy metals present in consumer products. Several certified reference materials, including plastic, paint, glass, and metals, were employed to ensure sample homogeneity. By comparing the two models, we validated that a considerable amount of complexes were formed between saliva components and the extracted heavy metals and that some of these complexes dissociated during reactions with the gastric/intestinal fluids. Furthermore, we observed that in the cases of Cu and Pb, additional complexes were formed as a result of reactions with gastric/intestinal fluids. We measured the total concentrations of the extracted heavy metals using artificial saliva through acid digestion and found that up to 99.7% of the heavy metals participated in the formation of complexes, depending on the characteristics of the sample (e.g., composition) and the target element. This result indicates that the current suck model may notably underestimate the oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in products associated with sucking behaviors. Therefore, we propose a more conservative and simpler test method for assessing oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals that involves measuring the total concentrations of heavy metals extracted from consumer products using artificial saliva. By doing so, we can account for potential variations in the digestive milieu (e.g., due to ingested food) and the inconsistency in complex formation-dissociation characteristics.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Metalloids; Saliva, Artificial; Metals, Heavy; Digestion; Habits; Environmental Monitoring; Risk Assessment; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 37523794
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115270 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Oct 2023The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effect of different alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages on the tooth enamel surface topography pretreated with...
A comparative evaluation of the effect of alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages on tooth enamel surface pretreated with β-tricalcium phosphate, bioactive glass and amine fluoride: an study.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effect of different alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages on the tooth enamel surface topography pretreated with various remineralizing agents using Atomic Force Microscopy.
METHODS
120 tooth specimens were prepared from 60 freshly extracted intact human premolars by sectioning from mesial to distal surfaces using low speed diamond discs and were randomly assigned to study groups and control group. Specimens of Group I, Group II and Group III were pre-treated with β-Tri calcium phosphate, bioactive glass and amine fluoride respectively for 4 minutes for 28 days, followed by storage in artificial saliva. All the specimens were evaluated for surface roughness using Atomic Force Microscopy. The specimens were then placed in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages for 10 minutes for 4 days and were again analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy.Descriptive statistics was performed by using the proportional or frequency distribution of the parameters. The respondents were then grouped according to the branch of specialty if any and the data was evaluated by the one-way ANOVA with post-hoc, with p value <0.005.
RESULTS
In the present study, among the remineralizing agents tested, bioactive glass was found to be more effective than β-Tri Calcium Phosphate and Amine Fluoride. Among the demineralizing agents used in this study, the demineralization potential of Coca Cola was found to be highest, followed by wine and green tea pretreated with β-tricalcium phosphate, bioactive glass and amine fluoride.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study concluded that all the remineralizing agents tested were found to be effective in inhibiting the demineralization caused by various alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages. Among the remineralizing agents tested, bioactive glass was found to be more effective than β-tri calcium phosphate and amine fluoride.
PubMed: 37970202
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2465 -
Journal of Orthodontic Science 2023This study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of three staining solutions on the color stability of three different brands of esthetic archwires using a...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of three staining solutions on the color stability of three different brands of esthetic archwires using a spectrophotometer and also to compare the fluorescence of esthetic archwires with extracted human teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 84 nickel-titanium (NiTi)-coated esthetic archwires with the same cross section and size (0.016 × 0.022″) were included. All samples were divided into four groups of 21 each, that is, group 1: artificial saliva (AS), group 2: coffee (C) solution, group 3: turmeric (T) solution, and group 4: chlorhexidine (CH) mouth rinse; each group was subdivided into three subgroups of seven each (Opal Classic (OC), Libral Rabbit Force (LRF), and Ortho Organizers (OO)). The baseline value (T0) was measured before immersion in the staining solution and then immersed in the staining solution for 21 days. The color measurements were recorded at different time intervals on the 7, 14, and 21 days using a spectrophotometer. The fluorescence of archwires is tested in a dark atmosphere using a fluorescent black lamp. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Bonferroni test.
RESULTS
A significant amount of color change in all three brands of archwires from day 0 to day 21 ( < 0.005) was observed, except for OC in the CH mouth rinse group ( = 0.230). The fluorescence of OO matches with the natural teeth.
CONCLUSION
LRF showed the highest overall color change followed by OO and OC. Turmeric is the most chromogenic agent, followed by Coffee and CH mouth rinse.
PubMed: 37881661
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_125_22 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Sep 2023To compare the protective effect of commercial stannous-containing mouth rinses on enamel erosion in a simulated 5-day in vitro cycling model.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the protective effect of commercial stannous-containing mouth rinses on enamel erosion in a simulated 5-day in vitro cycling model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
81 human enamel specimens were embedded in resin blocks and divided into nine groups as follows; group 1: stannous fluoride (1000SnF) toothpaste; groups 2,3, and 4 were the same as group 1 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 5: stannous fluoride (1450SnF) toothpaste, groups 6, 7, and 8 were the same as group 5 plus Elmex®, PerioMed™, and Meridol®, respectively, group 9: negative control. An erosive challenge was induced with a 1 min hydrochloric acid (0.01 M, pH 2.2) treatment 3 times per day. Each cycle included immersing in the toothpaste slurry twice for two minutes and a one-minute rinse. The enamel slabs were immersed in artificial saliva between each erosive cycle and incubated overnight at 37 °C. Surface hardness loss and enamel loss were determined by Knoop surface hardness and non-contact profilometry, respectively. Finally, enamel surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS).
RESULTS
All three mouth rinses had similar protective effects against erosion when using adjunct with 1000 SnF toothpaste (p > 0.05). With 1450 SnF toothpaste, Elmex® presented significantly lower surface hardness loss than Meridol® (p < 0.05). The combined use of Elmex® or PerioMed™ with toothpaste provided significantly better erosion protection than toothpaste alone, either 1000 or 1450 SnF. In addition, 1000SnF toothpaste adjunct with mouth rinse is comparable to 1450 SnF toothpaste alone in preventing enamel erosion.
CONCLUSION
All three mouth rinses reduced enamel erosion. The additional use of a high concentration stannous containing mouth rinse with 1450 SnF toothpaste increases the protective effect against enamel erosion in vitro.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
To date, no standard protocol for preventing dental erosion is available. There are three stannous-containing mouth rinses on the market; however, no study compared their efficacy or indicated whether using adjuncts with anti-erosion toothpaste provides additional benefits. This study found that adding stannous mouth rinse to twice-daily toothpaste increases erosion protection.
Topics: Humans; Tin Fluorides; Toothpastes; Mouthwashes; Sodium Fluoride; Tooth Erosion; Fluorides; Dental Enamel; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 37432505
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05138-4 -
F1000Research 2022: Discoloration of tooth-colored restorations due to various factors is one of the principal causes behind the failure of aesthetics. There has been an surge in the...
: Discoloration of tooth-colored restorations due to various factors is one of the principal causes behind the failure of aesthetics. There has been an surge in the consumption of herbal beverages in recent times and the dietary factors play a potential role in the discoloration tooth-coloured restorations. This study was done to juxtapose the staining ability of green tea (GT), moringa tea (MT), and hibiscus tea (HT) on a nano-filled composite restorative material. : The study was conducted in-vitro on composite samples prepared using moulds. 112 discs were prepared from Filtek Z350XT composite using a brass mould lined with mylar strips. Samples were divided into GT, MT, HT, and artificial saliva (AS) groups and immersed in freshly prepared beverages for 15 minutes each day for 45 days. Digital reflectance spectrophotometer was utilized to record color at baseline, 30, and 45 days. Repeated-measures ANOVA with a post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to compare groups within each group. ANOVA with a post-hoc Games Howell test was used to compare mean differences in ΔE among the groups. : Maximum discoloration was observed in the GT, followed by HT and MT, with the least being in the AS group at the end of 30 and 45 days (P<0.001 and P<0.001) respectively. : The universal nano-filled composite material showed clinically detectable discoloration when exposed to Green Tea, Hibiscus Tea, and Moringa Tea which increased with time. Herbal beverages have the potential to cause discoloration of the composite resin which is often the choice of material for anterior aesthetic restorations.
Topics: Plant Preparations; Teas, Herbal; Tea; Research Design; Composite Resins
PubMed: 37638138
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.128029.2 -
European Journal of Dentistry Feb 2024Tissue conditioners are composed of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) powder and plasticizer/ethanol mix liquid. Butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate (BPBG) plasticizer is...
OBJECTIVE
Tissue conditioners are composed of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) powder and plasticizer/ethanol mix liquid. Butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate (BPBG) plasticizer is commonly used in tissue conditioners, but the main concern with phthalate plasticizer is its leachability and biocompatibility, especially the estrogenic activity and cytotoxicity of phthalate. Therefore, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) plasticizer has been introduced and formulated as plasticizer in tissue conditioner; however its leachability characteristics are still unknown. Furthermore, the effect of foodsimulating liquids toward leachability of BPBG and ATBC plasticizers has not been documented. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of food-simulating liquids on the leachability of plasticizers and hardness of two experimental tissue conditioners containing BPBG and ATBC plasticizers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten experimental materials were prepared using PEMA polymer powder with 95% plasticizer (BPBG and ATBC) and 5% ethanol by volume, using powder to liquid ratio of 1.67:1, and the thickness was controlled at 3 mm. Shore A hardness value was measured after immersion in distilled water, artificial saliva, 25% ethanol/water mix, 3% citric acid, and coconut oil at 37°C. Measurements were taken at 2 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 84 days. Six readings were taken for each sample and hardness change was calculated and statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
RESULTS
Increase in hardness value was noted for both plasticizers over time with the highest increase was when immersed in coconut oil. Shore A hardness value was significantly higher in ATBC after 84 days of immersion in all food-simulating liquids. The increase in hardness is due to plasticizer/ethanol leaching; however, as ethanol content was the same (5%), the hardness change is attributed to the leaching of plasticizers.
CONCLUSION
Leaching of both plasticizers was highest in coconut oil indicating that tissue conditioners may have a shorter intraoral lifetime in patients eating high-fat diet.
PubMed: 38331042
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777046