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Intractable & Rare Diseases Research Aug 2023Rare diseases are diseases that occur at low prevalence, and most of them are chronic and serious diseases that are often life-threatening. Currently, there is no... (Review)
Review
Rare diseases are diseases that occur at low prevalence, and most of them are chronic and serious diseases that are often life-threatening. Currently, there is no unified definition for rare diseases. The diagnosis, treatment, and research of rare diseases have become the focus of medicine and biopharmacology, as well as the breakthrough point of clinical and basic research. Birth defects are the hard-hit area of rare diseases and the frontiers of its research. Since most of these defects have a genetic basis, early screening and diagnosis have important scientific value and social significance for the prevention and control of such diseases. At present, there is no effective treatment for most rare diseases, but progress in prenatal diagnosis and screening can prevent the occurrence of diseases and help prevent and treat rare diseases. This article discusses the progress in genetic-related birth defects and rare diseases.
PubMed: 37662624
DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2023.01052 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2023
PubMed: 37965218
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1285678 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Dec 2023ChatGPT may act as a research assistant to help organize the direction of thinking and summarize research findings. However, few studies have examined the quality,...
BACKGROUND
ChatGPT may act as a research assistant to help organize the direction of thinking and summarize research findings. However, few studies have examined the quality, similarity (abstracts being similar to the original one), and accuracy of the abstracts generated by ChatGPT when researchers provide full-text basic research papers.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to assess the applicability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model in generating abstracts for basic preclinical research.
METHODS
We selected 30 basic research papers from Nature, Genome Biology, and Biological Psychiatry. Excluding abstracts, we inputted the full text into ChatPDF, an application of a language model based on ChatGPT, and we prompted it to generate abstracts with the same style as used in the original papers. A total of 8 experts were invited to evaluate the quality of these abstracts (based on a Likert scale of 0-10) and identify which abstracts were generated by ChatPDF, using a blind approach. These abstracts were also evaluated for their similarity to the original abstracts and the accuracy of the AI content.
RESULTS
The quality of ChatGPT-generated abstracts was lower than that of the actual abstracts (10-point Likert scale: mean 4.72, SD 2.09 vs mean 8.09, SD 1.03; P<.001). The difference in quality was significant in the unstructured format (mean difference -4.33; 95% CI -4.79 to -3.86; P<.001) but minimal in the 4-subheading structured format (mean difference -2.33; 95% CI -2.79 to -1.86). Among the 30 ChatGPT-generated abstracts, 3 showed wrong conclusions, and 10 were identified as AI content. The mean percentage of similarity between the original and the generated abstracts was not high (2.10%-4.40%). The blinded reviewers achieved a 93% (224/240) accuracy rate in guessing which abstracts were written using ChatGPT.
CONCLUSIONS
Using ChatGPT to generate a scientific abstract may not lead to issues of similarity when using real full texts written by humans. However, the quality of the ChatGPT-generated abstracts was suboptimal, and their accuracy was not 100%.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Artificial Intelligence; Research; Research Personnel; Language
PubMed: 38145486
DOI: 10.2196/51229 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Aug 2023To examine the funding priorities of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) since 2016 to assess whether NIMH was continuing to prioritize basic research at the...
To examine the funding priorities of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) since 2016 to assess whether NIMH was continuing to prioritize basic research at the expense of clinical research. Six psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, autism) were assessed using 2 publicly available data sources (ClinicalTrials.gov and the National Institutes of Health Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization [RCDC]) to determine the degree of NIMH support for drug trials and research on these disorders in general since 2016. From 2017 through 2022, ClinicalTrials.gov lists just 1 drug trial each for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The RCDC database for 2016 through 2021 shows that NIMH support for research projects on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder decreased by 22% and 20%, respectively. During that time, Congress increased the budget of NIMH by 40%. NIMH has continued to prioritize basic research over clinical trials, resulting in a steep decline in funding for possible treatments for the most serious and costly psychiatric diseases. .
Topics: United States; Humans; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.); Bipolar Disorder; Schizophrenia; Anxiety Disorders; Autistic Disorder
PubMed: 37549433
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.23m03486 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The burden of cancer on public health is becoming more widely acknowledged. Lung cancer has one of the highest... (Review)
Review
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The burden of cancer on public health is becoming more widely acknowledged. Lung cancer has one of the highest incidence and mortality rates of all cancers. The prevalence of early screening, the emergence of targeted therapy, and the development of immunotherapy have all significantly improved the overall prognosis of lung cancer patients. The current state of affairs, however, is not encouraging, and there are issues like poor treatment outcomes for some patients and extremely poor prognoses for those with advanced lung cancer. Because of their potent immunomodulatory capabilities, thymosin drugs are frequently used in the treatment of tumors. The effectiveness of thymosin drugs in the treatment of lung cancer has been demonstrated in numerous studies, which amply demonstrates the potential and future of thymosin drugs for the treatment of lung cancer. The clinical research on thymosin peptide drugs in lung cancer and the basic research on the mechanism of thymosin drugs in anti-lung cancer are both systematically summarized and analyzed in this paper, along with future research directions.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Immunomodulation; Public Health; Thymosin
PubMed: 37701432
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237978 -
Genome Biology Jun 2023The CRISPR/Cas12a and CRISPR/Cas13d systems are widely used for fundamental research and hold great potential for future clinical applications. However, the short...
BACKGROUND
The CRISPR/Cas12a and CRISPR/Cas13d systems are widely used for fundamental research and hold great potential for future clinical applications. However, the short half-life of guide RNAs (gRNAs), particularly free gRNAs without Cas nuclease binding, limits their editing efficiency and durability.
RESULTS
Here, we engineer circular free gRNAs (cgRNAs) to increase their stability, and thus availability for Cas12a and Cas13d processing and loading, to boost editing. cgRNAs increases the efficiency of Cas12a-based transcription activators and genomic DNA cleavage by approximately 2.1- to 40.2-fold for single gene editing and 1.7- to 2.1-fold for multiplexed gene editing than their linear counterparts, without compromising specificity, across multiple sites and cell lines. Similarly, the RNA interference efficiency of Cas13d is increased by around 1.8-fold. In in vivo mouse liver, cgRNAs are more potent in activating gene expression and cleaving genomic DNA.
CONCLUSIONS
CgRNAs enable more efficient programmable DNA and RNA editing for Cas12a and Cas13d with broad applicability for fundamental research and gene therapy.
Topics: Animals; Mice; CRISPR-Cas Systems; RNA, Circular; RNA Editing; Gene Editing; DNA
PubMed: 37353840
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02992-z -
Frontiers in Physiology 2023
PubMed: 37786526
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1285197 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023
Topics: Male; Humans; Semen; Fertilization in Vitro; Infertility, Male; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 37396187
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1231545 -
Materials Today. Bio Apr 2024Pulmonary drug delivery has the advantages of being rapid, efficient, and well-targeted, with few systemic side effects. In addition, it is non-invasive and has good... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary drug delivery has the advantages of being rapid, efficient, and well-targeted, with few systemic side effects. In addition, it is non-invasive and has good patient compliance, making it a highly promising drug delivery mode. However, there have been limited studies on drug delivery via pulmonary inhalation compared with oral and intravenous modes. This paper summarizes the basic research and clinical translation of pulmonary inhalation drug delivery for the treatment of diseases and provides insights into the latest advances in pulmonary drug delivery. The paper discusses the processing methods for pulmonary drug delivery, drug carriers (with a focus on various types of nanoparticles), delivery devices, and applications in pulmonary diseases and treatment of systemic diseases (e.g., COVID-19, inhaled vaccines, diagnosis of the diseases, and diabetes mellitus) with an updated summary of recent research advances. Furthermore, this paper describes the applications and recent progress in pulmonary drug delivery for lung diseases and expands the use of pulmonary drugs for other systemic diseases.
PubMed: 38318475
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100966 -
Current Problems in Cardiology Aug 2023Cardio-oncology has grown rapidly worldwide as an emerging interdisciplinary discipline over the past decade. In the present bibliometric review, we employed VOSviewer... (Review)
Review
Cardio-oncology has grown rapidly worldwide as an emerging interdisciplinary discipline over the past decade. In the present bibliometric review, we employed VOSviewer and Citespace software to describe the literature landscape concerning cardio-oncology from 2010 to 2022. As a result, a total of 1,194 relevant publications were identified in the Web of Science database with an increasing trend. The United States dominated the field during the research period, and Italy, England and Canada had emerged as significant contributors to the study. Ky. Bonnie, Herrmann. Joerg and Fradley. Michael G were the most productive researchers. JACC: CardioOncology was the journal dedicated to the discipline of cardio-oncology and had published the greatest number of papers. Vascular disease and atrial fibrillation have attracted much attention as the main cardiovascular burden. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-specific cardiovascular toxicity, biomarkers and imaging examination together with the prevention of cardio-oncology are potential research hotspots. Notably, basic research is lagging behind, for which more researches are needed to fill the gap. In conclusion, bibliometric analysis provided valuable information for the development of cardio-oncology, which is full of opportunities and challenges.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Atrial Fibrillation; Bibliometrics; Italy
PubMed: 35500730
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101227