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Journal of Medicine and Life Oct 2023Typhoid fever (TF) is a systemic infection caused by transmitted through contaminated water, food, or contact with infected individuals. In various infectious diseases,...
Typhoid fever (TF) is a systemic infection caused by transmitted through contaminated water, food, or contact with infected individuals. In various infectious diseases, blood viscosity (BV) is affected by changes in hemoglobin concentrations and acute phase reactants. Inflammatory responses can lead to elevated plasma protein levels and further affect BV. This study aimed to investigate BV changes in patients with acute TF. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 55 patients with acute TF compared to 38 healthy controls. BV and inflammatory parameters were measured in both groups. TF patients showed reduced blood cells compared to healthy controls (p=0.001). Additionally, plasma total protein (TP) levels significantly increased to 10.79±1.05 g/L in TF patients compared to 7.035±1.44 g/L in healthy controls (p=0.03). Hematocrit (HCT) levels were 11.67±2.89% in TF patients and 12.84±2.02% in healthy controls (p=0.07), suggesting a trend towards increased BV in TF patients. Elevated BV is involved in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory and infectious diseases. The increased BV in TF patients may raise the risk of complications. Therefore, monitoring BV might be a crucial tool in TF patients, mainly in the high-risk group, for early detection of cardiovascular complications.
Topics: Humans; Typhoid Fever; Cross-Sectional Studies; Blood Viscosity; Salmonella typhi; Communicable Diseases
PubMed: 38313175
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0027 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Stenosis is caused by an abnormal growth in the artery's lumen. This undesirable growth can change the hemodynamic characteristics of the blood flow which could be...
Stenosis is caused by an abnormal growth in the artery's lumen. This undesirable growth can change the hemodynamic characteristics of the blood flow which could be injurious to normal health. Theoretical results obtained for specific geometrics are given for the velocity distribution, pressure, wall shearing stress, and other different phenomena. Flow resistance has been shown that the wall shear decreases with decreasing peripheral layer viscosity, but these properties increase with increasing stenosis size. A two-fluid blood model with a core of micro-polar fluid and a periphery of Newtonian blood has been researched in the presence of moderate stenosis. In terms of modified Bessels functions of zero and first order, analytical equations for flow resistance, wall shear stress, and diffusion via stenosis have been found. Therefore, understanding and preventing arterial illnesses need a thorough grasp of the specific flow characteristics of a channel with restriction. The results for wall shearing stress resistance to flow and concentration profiles have been obtained and discussed with the help of graphically.
PubMed: 38034658
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20807 -
Clinical and Applied... 2024The pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism in multiple myeloma is still poorly understood because multiple factors are involved. In particular, the increase in whole... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism in multiple myeloma is still poorly understood because multiple factors are involved. In particular, the increase in whole blood viscosity has a key role and, therefore, we performed an evaluation of some hemorheological determinants in multiple myeloma patients, putting them in relation to the thrombotic risk, with the aim to evaluate if an alteration of the hemorheological pattern was associated with a higher thrombotic risk. We performed an observational retrospective cohort study with data collected from January 2017 to September 2022. In a group of 190 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, we have examined the trend of calculated blood viscosity according to the Merrill formula, and we stratified the patients for the thrombotic risk in accordance with the IMWG/NCCN guidelines and with IMPEDE VTE score. Using the thrombotic risk stratification proposed by IMWG/NCCN any variation in calculated blood viscosity is evident, while, with the IMPEDE VTE score, we observed an increase in calculated blood viscosity in patients with "intermediate + high" risk. The calculated blood viscosity is higher in subjects presenting an "intermediate + high" thrombotic risk according to the IMPEDE VTE score. This association could therefore lay the groundwork for further research with the aim to confirm the role of hemorheological pattern in MM-related thrombotic risk.
Topics: Humans; Blood Viscosity; Multiple Myeloma; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Thrombosis; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 38173275
DOI: 10.1177/10760296231222477 -
Atherosclerosis May 2024Mechanistic studies suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can modulate inflammation. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Mechanistic studies suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can modulate inflammation.
METHODS
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 41 ASCVD subjects with type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria and LDL-C level >70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin therapy received subcutaneous evolocumab 420 mg every 4 weeks or matching placebo. The primary outcomes were change in circulating immune cell transcriptional response, lipoproteins and blood viscosity at 2 weeks and 12 weeks. Safety was assessed in all subjects who received at least one dose of assigned treatment and analyses were conducted in the intention-to-treat population.
RESULTS
All 41 randomized subjects completed the 2-week visit. Six subjects did not receive study medication consistently after the 2-week visit due to COVID-19 pandemic suspension of research activities. The groups were well-matched with respect to age, comorbidities, baseline LDL-C, white blood cell counts, and markers of systemic inflammation. Evolocumab reduced LDL-C by -68.8% (p < 0.0001) and -52.8% (p < 0.0001) at 2 and 12 weeks, respectively. There were no differences in blood viscosity at baseline nor at 2 and 12 weeks. RNA-seq was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells with and without TLR4 stimulation ("Stress" transcriptomics). "Stress" transcriptomics unmasked immune cell phenotypic differences between evolocumab and placebo groups at 2 and 12 weeks.
CONCLUSIONS
This trial is the first to demonstrate that PCSK9 mAB with evolocumab can modulate circulating immune cell properties and highlights the importance of "stress" profiling of circulating immune cells that more clearly define immune contributions to ASCVD.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Double-Blind Method; PCSK9 Inhibitors; Monocytes; Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Proprotein Convertase 9; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Anticholesteremic Agents; Lipoproteins; Treatment Outcome; COVID-19; Blood Viscosity
PubMed: 38583289
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117529 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023An extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-hypervirulent (HvKP) strain HKE9 was isolated from the blood in an outpatient.
INTRODUCTION
An extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-hypervirulent (HvKP) strain HKE9 was isolated from the blood in an outpatient.
METHODS
The effect of the global regulatory factor RpoS on antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and environmental adaptability was elucidated.
RESULTS
HKE9 is a novel ST3355 (K20/O2a) hypervirulent strain with a positive string test and resistant to cephems except cefotetan. It has a genome size of 5.6M, including two plasmids. CTX-M-15 was found in plasmid 2, and only was found in the chromosome. HKE9 could produce bacterial siderophores, and genes of enterobactin, yersiniabactin, aerobactin, and salmochelin have been retrieved in the genome. As a global regulatory factor, knockout of did not change antimicrobial resistance or hemolytic phenotype while increasing the virulence to larvae and showing higher viscosity. Moreover, knockout can increase bacterial competitiveness and cell adhesion ability. Interestingly, HKE9-M-rpoS decreased resistance to acidic pH, high osmotic pressure, heat shock, and ultraviolet and became sensitive to disinfectants (HO, alcohol, and sodium hypochlorite). Although there were 13 Type 6 secretion system (T6SS) core genes divided into two segments with between segments in the chromosome, transcriptomic analysis showed that negatively regulated T4SS located on plasmid 2, type 1, and type 3 fimbriae and positively regulate genes responsible for acidic response, hyperosmotic pressure, heat shock, oxidative stress, alcohol and hypochlorous acid metabolism, and quorum sensing.
DISCUSSION
Here, this novel ST3355 ESBL-HvKP strain HKE9 may spread via various clonal types. The important regulation effect of is the enhanced tolerance and resistance to environmental stress and disinfectants, which may be at the cost of reducing virulence and regulated by T4SS.
Topics: Animals; Virulence; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Virulence Factors; Transcriptome; Hydrogen Peroxide; beta-Lactamases; Phenotype; Disinfectants; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 37937207
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1259472 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023Fibrinogen and homocysteine (HCY) are molecules known to play a role in vascular homeostasis, and their blood levels are often elevated in patients with metabolic... (Review)
Review
Fibrinogen and homocysteine (HCY) are molecules known to play a role in vascular homeostasis, and their blood levels are often elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) may have a vascular origin. This has led many authors to advocate that fibrinogen, homocysteine, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may play a direct role in SSHL. The aim of this brief review is to examine the role and influence of these molecules and MetS on the mechanisms of SSHL. Elevated fibrinogen levels have been associated with a worse prognosis in SSHL, possibly due to increased blood viscosity and decreased blood flow. Similarly, HCY has been associated with vascular damage, particularly in hyperhomocysteinemia, although the exact association with SSHL remains controversial. MetS has been demonstrated to function both as a causative factor and as a contributor to poorer recovery in cases of SSHL. However, although some studies suggest a possible role for these biomarkers and MetS in the prognosis and treatment of SSHL, specific therapeutic and preventive strategies based solely on these factors have yet to be developed. Given their potential role in prognosis and treatment and the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome, this issue needs to be analyzed comprehensively. Thus, further quality studies need to be conducted, even though it is difficult to determine the actual impact of MetS on the development of SSHL, as it is a multifactorial disease affecting multiple organs.
Topics: Humans; Fibrinogen; Metabolic Syndrome; Homocysteine; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Hearing Loss, Sudden
PubMed: 38004026
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111977 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Multiple myeloma (MM) is considered to be one of the hematological malignancies formed by excessive and abnormal proliferation of plasmocytes. Among other parameters,...
Multiple myeloma (MM) is considered to be one of the hematological malignancies formed by excessive and abnormal proliferation of plasmocytes. Among other parameters, several blood tests are used to diagnose multiple myeloma. The hemorheological profile in multiple myeloma is not widely studied. Hemorheology includes the study of measuring the deformability and aggregation of erythrocytes, blood viscosity, and sedimentation rate. The degree of deformability of blood cells is necessary to maintain proper vital functions. Proper deformability of red blood cells ensures proper blood circulation, tissue oxidation and carbon dioxide uptake. The aim of the study was to compare morphology and blood rheology parameters in patients with MM and healthy individuals. The study included 33 patients with MM, and 33 healthy subjects of the same age. The hematological blood parameters were evaluated using ABX MICROS 60 hematology analyzer. The LORCA Analyzer to study erythrocyte aggregation and deformability. Patients with MM had lower red blood cells count (RBC) (9.11%) (p < 0.001) and half time of total aggregation (T1/2) (94.29%) (p < 0.001) values and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (5.50%) (p < 0.001), aggregation index (AI) (68.60%) (p < 0.001), total extent of aggregation (AMP) (87.92%) (p < 0.001) values than the healthy control group. Aggregation in patients with MM is different compared to healthy individuals. It was observed that the percentage of cell aggregation is almost 50% higher than in the control group. The study of morphology, aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes in patients with suspected MM may be helpful in making clinical decisions.
Topics: Humans; Erythrocyte Deformability; Multiple Myeloma; Hemorheology; Erythrocytes; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Rheology; Blood Viscosity; Blood Sedimentation
PubMed: 38383860
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54947-4 -
Medicine Feb 2024Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape, leading to various... (Review)
Review
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to assume a sickle shape, leading to various complications. Climate change has emerged as a significant global challenge, influencing environmental conditions worldwide. This paper explores the implications of climatic variations on the prevalence, management, and outcomes of SCA. Climate change affects weather patterns, leading to altered temperatures, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and variations in humidity levels. These changes can have a profound impact on individuals living with SCA. High temperatures exacerbate the symptoms of SCA, potentially triggering painful vaso-occlusive crises due to dehydration and increased blood viscosity. Conversely, cold temperatures may induce vaso-occlusion by causing blood vessels to constrict. Changes in rainfall patterns might also affect water accessibility, which is crucial for maintaining adequate hydration, particularly in regions prone to droughts. The management of SCA is multifaceted, involving regular medical care, hydration, and avoiding triggers that could precipitate a crisis. Adverse weather events and natural disasters can disrupt healthcare infrastructure and access to essential medications and resources for SCA patients, especially in vulnerable communities. To mitigate the implications of climatic change on SCA, interdisciplinary strategies are essential. These strategies may include enhancing healthcare systems' resilience to climate-related disruptions, implementing adaptive measures to address changing environmental conditions, and promoting public awareness and education on managing SCA amidst climate variability. In conclusion, climatic variations pose significant challenges for individuals with SCA, affecting the prevalence, management, and outcomes of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Erythrocytes; Pain; Vascular Diseases; Climate Change
PubMed: 38335412
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037127 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Sep 2023The giant panda, , serves as a flagship species for biodiversity conservation, embodying the intersection of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic forces shaping...
The giant panda, , serves as a flagship species for biodiversity conservation, embodying the intersection of ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic forces shaping the natural world. Hematological parameters serve as crucial indicators for assessing the physiological status of animals. However, our understanding of blood parameters and hemorheology in captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions is limited. In this study, from September 2018 to August 2020, we collected blood samples from captive giant pandas under non-anesthetic conditions. Twelve captive giant pandas, ranging in age from 2 to 28 years, were divided into three groups based on their age, and the variations in basic blood parameters and hemorheological parameters across four seasons were analyzed. This provided baseline data for future blood sample comparisons in non-anesthetized captive giant pandas. Additionally, we observed seasonal changes in hematological morphology, hemorheology, and serum enzymes. Moreover, seasonality had a regulatory effect on hemorheological parameters and negatively impacted blood viscosity. Age influenced changes in serum enzymes, serum protein content, and serum metabolites, indicating differences in overall metabolic processes among giant pandas of different age groups. Whether factors such as season and climate contribute to environmental stress in captive giant pandas requires further investigation. The findings of this study may help to protect the stability of the giant panda population better and provide a reference for the medical care of captive giant pandas.
PubMed: 37835628
DOI: 10.3390/ani13193023 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Oil is the "blood" and economic lifeblood of modern industry, but traditional light crude oil has been over-consumed, and it has been difficult to meet human demand for...
Oil is the "blood" and economic lifeblood of modern industry, but traditional light crude oil has been over-consumed, and it has been difficult to meet human demand for energy, so the exploitation of heavy oil is particularly important. In this paper, an oil-soluble catalyst was synthesized to catalyze the pyrolysis reaction of heavy oil in collaboration with reservoir minerals, so as to achieve efficient viscosity reduction of heavy oil and reduce production costs. The experimental results showed that Zn(II)O + K had the best synergistic viscosity reduction effect after the aquathermolysis of No. 1 oil sample under the reaction conditions of 180 °C, 4 h, 30% of water, and 0.2% of catalyst, respectively, and the viscosity reduction rate was 61.74%. Under the catalysis of the isopropanol system, the viscosity reduction rate was increased to 91.22%. A series of characterizations such as freezing point, thermogravimetric analysis, DSC analysis, component analysis, gas chromatography, wax crystal morphology analysis, and GC-MS analysis of aqueous organic matter were carried out on heavy oil after reaction by different reaction systems, and it could be verified that the viscosity of heavy oil was reduced. Finally, through the study of the reaction mechanism of the model compound, combined with the aqueous phase analysis, it can be clearly found that the depolymerization between macromolecules, the breaking of heteroatom chains, hydrogenation, ring opening, and other effects mainly occur during the reaction, thereby weakening the van der Waals force and hydrogen bond of the recombinant interval, inhibiting the formation of grid structure in heavy oil and effectively reducing the viscosity of heavy oil.
PubMed: 37836609
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196766