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PeerJ 2023Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are world-wide serious public health problem. Recent studies demonstrated that inhibiting caveolin-1 leads...
BACKGROUND
Postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are world-wide serious public health problem. Recent studies demonstrated that inhibiting caveolin-1 leads to osteoclastogenesis suppression and protection against OVX-induced osteoporosis. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of caveolin-1 mediating bone loss and the potential therapeutic target.
METHODS
Thirty C57BL/6 female mice were allocated randomly into three groups: sham or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) surgeries were performed for mice and subsequently daidzein or vehicle was administrated to animals (control, OVX + vehicle and OVX + daidzein). After 8-week administration, femurs were harvested for Micro-CT scan, histological staining including H&E, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, TRAP. Bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) were cultured and treated with inhibitors of caveolin-1 (daidzein) or EGFR (erlotinib) and then scratch wound healing and ki67 assays were performed. In addition, cells were harvested for western blot and PCR analysis.
RESULTS
Micro-CT showed inhibiting caveolin-1with daidzein alleviated OVX-induced osteoporosis and osteogenesis suppression. Further investigations revealed H-type vessels in cancellous bone were decreased in OVX-induced mice, which can be alleviated by daidzein. It was subsequently proved that daidzein improved migration and proliferation of BMECs hence improved H-type vessels formation through inhibiting caveolin-1, which suppressed EGFR/AKT/PI3K signaling in BMECs.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that daidzein alleviates OVX-induced osteoporosis by promoting H-type vessels formation in cancellous bone, which then promotes bone formation. Activating EGFR/AKT/PI3K signaling could be the critical reason.
Topics: Female; Mice; Animals; Osteogenesis; Caveolin 1; Endothelial Cells; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoporosis; X-Ray Microtomography; ErbB Receptors
PubMed: 37868048
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16121 -
Nutrients Nov 2023A possible link between diet and cancer has long been considered, with growing interest in phytochemicals. Soy isoflavones have been associated with a reduced risk of... (Review)
Review
A possible link between diet and cancer has long been considered, with growing interest in phytochemicals. Soy isoflavones have been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer in Asian populations. Of the soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, in particular, have been studied, but recently, equol as a derivative has gained interest because it is more biologically potent. Different mechanisms of action have already been studied for the different isoflavones in multiple conditions, such as breast, gastrointestinal, and urogenital cancers. Many of these mechanisms of action could also be demonstrated in the prostate, both in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the known mechanisms of action at the cellular level and compares them between genistein, daidzein, and equol. These include androgen- and estrogen-mediated pathways, regulation of the cell cycle and cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and epigenetics are addressed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Genistein; Equol; Glycine max; Isoflavones; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38068715
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234856 -
Nutrients Jul 2023The gut microbiota is a dynamic community of bacteria distributed in the gastroenteric tract and changes in response to diseases, diet, use of antibiotics and... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiota is a dynamic community of bacteria distributed in the gastroenteric tract and changes in response to diseases, diet, use of antibiotics and probiotics, hygiene status, and other environmental factors. Dysbiosis, a disruption of the normal crosstalk between the host and the microbes, is associated with obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, is linked to a reduction of anti-inflammatory bacteria like and , and to an increase in the growth of proinflammatory species like and . Some plants possess anticancer properties and various studies have reported that some of these are also able to modulate the gut microbiota. The aim of this work is to evaluate the crucial relationship between medical plants and gut microbiota and the consequences on the onset and progression of cancer. In vivo studies about hematological malignancies showed that beta-glucans tie to endogenous antibeta glucan antibodies and to iC3b, an opsonic fragment of the central complement protein C3, leading to phagocytosis of antibody-targeted neoplastic cells and potentiation of the cytotoxic activity of the innate immune system if administered together with monoclonal antibodies. In conclusion, this review suggests the potential use of medical plants to improve gut dysbiosis and assist in the treatment of cancer.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Obesity; Bacteria; Diet; Neoplasms; Probiotics
PubMed: 37571264
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153327 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023In this work, a novel bio-based high-performance bisbenzoxazine resin was synthesized from daidzein, 2-thiophenemethylamine and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structure...
In this work, a novel bio-based high-performance bisbenzoxazine resin was synthesized from daidzein, 2-thiophenemethylamine and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structure was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The polymerization process was systematically studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ FT-IR spectra. It can be polymerized through multiple polymerization behaviors under the synergistic reaction of thiophene rings with benzopyrone rather than a single polymerization mechanism of traditional benzoxazines, as reported. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) were used to study the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the resulting polybenzoxazine. The thermosetting material showed a high carbon residue rate of 62.8% and a low heat release capacity (HRC) value of 33 J/gK without adding any flame retardants. Based on its outstanding capability of carbon formation, this newly obtained benzoxazine resin was carbonized and activated to obtain a porous carbon material doped with both sulfur and nitrogen. The CO absorption of the carbon material at 0 °C and 25 °C at 1 bar was 3.64 mmol/g and 3.26 mmol/g, respectively. The above excellent comprehensive properties prove its potential applications in many advanced fields.
Topics: Benzoxazines; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Carbon; Polymerization
PubMed: 37446739
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135077 -
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2023Our aim was to investigate protective effects of daidzein treatment on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced ovarian tissue by immunohistochemical techniques.
PURPOSE
Our aim was to investigate protective effects of daidzein treatment on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced ovarian tissue by immunohistochemical techniques.
METHODS
Thirty Sprague Dawley female rats were categorized into three groups as sham, I/R group, and I/R+daidzein groups. Bloods were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and ovaries were processed for histological tissue protocol.
RESULTS
Both MDA and MPO values were increased in I/R group compared to sham and I/R+daidzein groups. GSH content was increased in I/R+daidzein group compared to I/R groups. In I/R group, theca and follicular cells were degenerated with apoptosis and dilatation and congestion, edema. In I/R+daidzein group, daidzein improved pathologies. In the I/R group, Bax expression was positive with follicular cells, granulosa cells and inflammatory cells. In the I/R+daidzein group, positive Bax reaction was observed in the epithelial, antral, and inflammatory cells. In I/R group, Bcl-2 reaction was in germinative epithelial cells, cells of antral follicle. In the I/R+daidzein group, Bcl-2 expression level was reduced after daidzein treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
After the I/R procedure, ovarian cells and follicles were degenerated with apoptosis and inflammation. After daidzein treatment, Bax and Bcl-2 signal were decreased. It was observed that daidzein stopped the apoptotic process.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Female; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ovary; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Ischemia; Reperfusion Injury; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Reperfusion; Malondialdehyde; Apoptosis
PubMed: 37909594
DOI: 10.1590/acb384423 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Grassland crops are emerging reservoirs of undisturbed, natural antioxidants and phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. The present review will focus on... (Review)
Review
Grassland crops are emerging reservoirs of undisturbed, natural antioxidants and phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. The present review will focus on the most commonly cultivated crops, namely L, L, L. and L, which have been recognized for their polyphenolic composition. However, these crops are often undervalued and underutilized, yet have the means of potentially creating novel, value-added food and nutraceutical products. Previous studies relating to these crops have identified them as rich sources of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, daidzein, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. The key to harnessing the hidden potential of these species is the recovery, identification, and characterization of the phytochemicals they contain. Considering the upsurge of research studies on alternative plant-based diets for the health of humans and the planet earth, there is a necessity to understand the phytochemical composition and the bioactivity that they possess. This review summarizes recovery methods of phytochemicals from the aforementioned grassland crops and their compositional and functional (antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic) characterization and discusses the potential for grassland crops as an abundant reservoir of health-promoting ingredients which can increase the nutritional composition within novel food innovations or within nutraceuticals.
PubMed: 38002180
DOI: 10.3390/foods12224122 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023In this study, the effects of quercetin and daidzein on egg quality, lipid metabolism, and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared in layers. Hyline brown...
In this study, the effects of quercetin and daidzein on egg quality, lipid metabolism, and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared in layers. Hyline brown layers at 385 days of age with a similar laying rate (81.36% ± 0.62%) and body weight (2.10 kg ± 0.04 kg) were randomly divided into three treatments, six replicates per treatment, and 20 layers per replicate. Layers in control, quercetin, and daidzein treatment were fed by a basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg quercetin, and 30 mg/kg of daidzein for 10 weeks. Results showed that eggshell strength and albumen height in week 4, egg yolk diameter in week 10, and eggshell thickness and egg yolk height in weeks 4 and 10 were significantly increased in the quercetin treatment ( ≤ 0.05); contents of phospholipid (PL) and lecithin (LEC) in egg yolk and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in serum were significantly increased; however, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in egg yolk, contents of TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in serum, and contents of TC and TG in the liver were significantly decreased in the quercetin treatment ( ≤ 0.05); contents of isobutyric acid and valeric acid were significantly increased in the cecum of the quercetin treatment ( ≤ 0.05), compared with control. Moreover, egg yolk height in week 10 and eggshell thickness in weeks 4 and 10 were significantly increased in the daidzein treatment ( ≤ 0.05); contents of MDA, TC, and TG in egg yolk, TC, TG, and VLDL in serum, and TC and TG in liver were significantly decreased in the daidzein treatment ( ≤ 0.05); and HDL content was significantly increased in serum of the daidzein treatment ( ≤ 0.05) compared with control. However, daidzein did not affect SCFA content in the cecum. In conclusion, egg quality was improved by quercetin and daidzein by increasing the antioxidant ability of egg yolk and by regulating lipid metabolism in layers. Quercetin worked better than daidzein in improving egg quality under this experimental condition.
PubMed: 38188719
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301542 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2023Soy beverage is a rich source of phytoestrogens isoflavones, with potential benefits on health. The effect of those compounds depends greatly on their bacterial...
Soy beverage is a rich source of phytoestrogens isoflavones, with potential benefits on health. The effect of those compounds depends greatly on their bacterial metabolization into their aglycone forms. This study evaluated the health effects of two soy beverages, non-fermented (SB) and fermented with Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum INIA P815 (FSB), in acyclic and cyclic C57BL/6J aged female mice as a model of menopause and premenopause, respectively. SB and FSB treatments were administrated for 36 days and, subsequently, body weight, lipid and inflammatory profile and fertility were analyzed and compared. In addition, hepatic gene expression and faecal microbiota composition were also assessed. After fermentation, FSB presented a high content in the aglycones daidzein and genistein and a higher antioxidant activity. FSB treated cyclic mice showed a significant increase in the number of retrieved oocytes and zigotes. Differences in serum lipids were observed in triglycerides, which were lower in FSB than in SB groups. None of the treatments influenced the inflammatory profile or caused a dramatic change in the intestinal microbiota profile or hepatic gene expression in any of the groups. Our data showed that FSB provided greater health benefits than SB in lipid profile and fertility in cyclic mice. These beneficial effects could be attributed to the fermentation process, which produces more bioavailable and bioactive compounds, achieving a greater impact on health.
Topics: Female; Animals; Mice; Soy Milk; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Genistein; Beverages; Lipids
PubMed: 37254374
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112745 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Nov 2023The gut microbiota (GM) produces different polyphenol-derived metabolites, yielding high interindividual variability and hampering consistent health effects. GM...
The gut microbiota (GM) produces different polyphenol-derived metabolites, yielding high interindividual variability and hampering consistent health effects. GM metabotypes associated with ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes A (UMA), B (UMB), and 0 (UM0)), resveratrol (lunularin -producers (LP) and non-producers (LNP)), and daidzein (equol-producers (EP) and non-producers (ENP)) are known. However, individual polyphenol-related metabotypes do not occur individually. In contrast, different combinations coexist (i.e., metabotype clusters, MCs). We report here for the first time these MCs, their distribution, and their associated GM in adult humans (n = 127) after consuming for 7 days a nutraceutical (pomegranate, Polygonum cuspidatum, and red clover extracts) containing ellagitannins + ellagic acid, resveratrol, and isoflavones. Urine metabolites (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and fecal microbiota (16S rRNA sequencing) were analyzed. Ten MCs were identified: LP + UMB + ENP (22.7%), LP + UMA + ENP (21.3%), LP + UMA + EP (16.7%), LP + UMB + EP (16%), LNP + UMA + ENP (11.3%), LNP + UMB + ENP (5.3%), LNP + UMA + EP (3.3%), LNP + UMB + EP (2%), LNP + UM0 + EP (0.7%), and LNP + UM0 + ENP (0.7%). Sex, BMI, and age did not affect the distribution of metabotypes or MCs. Multivariate analysis (MaAslin2) revealed genera differentially present in individual metabotypes and MCs. Network analysis (MENA) showed the taxa acting as module hubs and connectors. Compositional and functional profiling, alpha and beta diversities, topological network features, and GM modulation by the nutraceutical differed depending on whether the entire cohort or each MC was considered. The nutraceutical did not change the composition of LP + UMA + EP (the most robust GM with the most associated functions) but increased its network connectors. This pioneering approach, joining GM's compositional, functional, and network features in polyphenol metabolism, paves the way for identifying personalized GM-targeted strategies to improve polyphenol health benefits.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Resveratrol; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ellagic Acid; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Isoflavones; Polyphenols; Cluster Analysis
PubMed: 37803793
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113470 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023The pathway for forming isoflavonoid skeletal structure is primarily restricted to the Leguminosae family. Subsequent decorations on the compound backbone by tailoring... (Review)
Review
The pathway for forming isoflavonoid skeletal structure is primarily restricted to the Leguminosae family. Subsequent decorations on the compound backbone by tailoring enzymes would change their biological and medicinal properties. is a leguminous plant, and as a traditional Chinese medicine its roots have been ascribed a number of pharmacological activities. Glycosylation and methylation are the main modifying processes in isoflavonoid metabolism in roots, resulting in the accumulation of unique glycosylated and methylated end isoflavonoid compounds. For instance, daidzein 8--glucoside (i.e., puerarin) and puerarin derivatives are produced only by the genus. Puerarin has been established as a clinical drug for curing cardiovascular diseases. To better understand the characteristic isoflavonoid metabolism in , this review attempts to summarize the research progress made with understanding the main glycosylation and methylation of isoflavonoids in and their biosynthetic enzymes.
PubMed: 38162309
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1330586