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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2023Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important components of physical behaviour associated with long-term health outcomes. Environmental and cultural... (Review)
Review
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important components of physical behaviour associated with long-term health outcomes. Environmental and cultural factors may influence physical behaviour. To explore full day PA and SB in children and adolescents (2-18 years old) in the Middle East, a systematic literature review was performed including 183 journal articles. A wide range of PA and SB outcomes were reported, in some cases making synthesis of results difficult. As a consequence, results were generally reported narratively (MVPA time, total PA, SB time). Meta-regression of daily step count revealed females took 4600 fewer steps than males, with 3000 fewer steps on weekdays than weekends, and overweight individuals taking 2800 fewer steps/day. Steps decreased with age. Meta-regression for TV viewing time demonstrated an increase by 0.04 h per year of age. Even though environmental and cultural conditions may be different, PA and SB of children and adolescents in the Middle East were largely comparable to those of Europeans and North Americans. The wide range of data collection instruments used (both self-report questionnaire and body-worn devices) and heterogeneity of data made synthesis of reported data across studies very difficult, suggesting a need for greater standardisation of data collection methods.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Sedentary Behavior; Exercise; Surveys and Questionnaires; Self Report; Middle East
PubMed: 37887678
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206940 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Jul 2023To provide a comprehensive overview on the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in rhinology, highlight its limitations, and propose strategies for its... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive overview on the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in rhinology, highlight its limitations, and propose strategies for its integration into surgical practice.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, Ei Compendex, IEEE, and Web of Science.
REVIEW METHODS
English studies from inception until January 2022 and those focusing on any application of AI in rhinology were included. Study selection was independently performed by 2 authors; discrepancies were resolved by the senior author. Studies were categorized by rhinology theme, and data collection comprised type of AI utilized, sample size, and outcomes, including accuracy and precision among others.
CONCLUSIONS
An overall 5435 articles were identified. Following abstract and title screening, 130 articles underwent full-text review, and 59 articles were selected for analysis. Eleven studies were from the gray literature. Articles were stratified into image processing, segmentation, and diagnostics (n = 27); rhinosinusitis classification (n = 14); treatment and disease outcome prediction (n = 8); optimizing surgical navigation and phase assessment (n = 3); robotic surgery (n = 2); olfactory dysfunction (n = 2); and diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (n = 3). Most AI studies were published from 2016 onward (n = 45).
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
This state of the art review aimed to highlight the increasing applications of AI in rhinology. Next steps will entail multidisciplinary collaboration to ensure data integrity, ongoing validation of AI algorithms, and integration into clinical practice. Future research should be tailored at the interplay of AI with robotics and surgical education.
Topics: Humans; Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Data Collection; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Robotics
PubMed: 35787221
DOI: 10.1177/01945998221110076 -
Global Health, Epidemiology and Genomics 2023Modern biomedical research is characterised by its high-throughput and interdisciplinary nature. Multiproject and consortium-based collaborations requiring meaningful...
Modern biomedical research is characterised by its high-throughput and interdisciplinary nature. Multiproject and consortium-based collaborations requiring meaningful analysis of multiple heterogeneous phenotypic datasets have become the norm; however, such analysis remains a challenge in many regions across the world. An increasing number of data harmonisation efforts are being undertaken by multistudy collaborations through either prospective standardised phenotype data collection or retrospective phenotype harmonisation. In this regard, the Phenotype Harmonisation Working Group (PHWG) of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium aimed to facilitate phenotype standardisation by both promoting the use of existing data collection standards (hosted by PhenX), adapting existing data collection standards for appropriate use in low- and middle-income regions such as Africa, and developing novel data collection standards where relevant gaps were identified. Ultimately, the PHWG produced 11 data collection kits, consisting of 82 protocols, 38 of which were existing protocols, 17 were adapted, and 27 were novel protocols. The data collection kits will facilitate phenotype standardisation and harmonisation not only in Africa but also across the larger research community. In addition, the PHWG aims to feed back adapted and novel protocols to existing reference platforms such as PhenX.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Africa; Data Collection; Phenotype
PubMed: 37766808
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6693323 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Feb 2024Patient-generated health data (PGHD) is data created, captured, or recorded by patients in between healthcare appointments, and is an important supplement to data...
Patient-generated health data (PGHD) is data created, captured, or recorded by patients in between healthcare appointments, and is an important supplement to data generated during periodic clinical encounters. PGHD has potential to improve diagnosis and management of chronic conditions, improve health outcomes, and facilitate more "connected health" between patients and their care teams. Electronic PGHD is rapidly accelerating due to the proliferation of consumer health technologies, remote patient monitoring systems, and personal health platforms. Despite this tremendous growth in PGHD and anticipated benefits, broadscale use of PGHD has been challenging to implement with significant gaps in current knowledge about how PGHD can best be employed in the service of high-quality, patient-centered care. While the role of PGHD in patient self-management continues to grow organically, we need a deeper understanding of how data collection and sharing translate into actionable information that supports shared decision-making and informs clinical care in real-world settings. This, in turn, will foster both clinical adoption and patient engagement with PGHD. We propose an agenda for PGHD-related research in the Veterans Health Administration that emphasizes this clinical value to enhance our understanding of its potential and limitations in supporting shared decision-making and informing clinical care.
Topics: Humans; Data Collection; Patient Participation; Patient-Centered Care; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 38252246
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08461-4 -
Database : the Journal of Biological... Oct 2023The European Union Data Collection Framework (DCF) states that scientific data-driven assessments are essential to achieve sustainable fisheries. To respond to the DCF...
The European Union Data Collection Framework (DCF) states that scientific data-driven assessments are essential to achieve sustainable fisheries. To respond to the DCF call, this study introduces the information systems developed and used by Institut Català de Recerca per a la Governança del Mar (ICATMAR), the Catalan Institute of Research for the Governance of the Seas. The information systems include data from a biological monitoring, curation, processing, analysis, publication and web visualization for bottom trawl fisheries. Over the 4 years of collected data (2019-2022), the sampling program developed a dataset of over 1.1 million sampled individuals accounting for 24.6 tons of catch. The sampling data are ingested into a database through a data input website ensuring data management control and quality. The standardized metrics are automatically calculated and the data are published in the web visualizer, combined with fishing landings and Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) records. As the combination of remote sensing data with fisheries monitoring offers new approaches for ecosystem assessment, the collected fisheries data are also visualized in combination with georeferenced seabed habitats from the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet), climate and sea conditions from Copernicus Monitoring Environment Marine Service (CMEMS) on the web browser. Three public web-based products have been developed in the visualizer: geolocated bottom trawl samplings, biomass distribution per port or season and length-frequency charts per species. These information systems aim to fulfil the gaps in the scientific community, administration and civil society to access high-quality data for fisheries management, following the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles, enabling scientific knowledge transfer. Database URL https://icatmar.github.io/VISAP/(www.icatmar.cat).
Topics: Humans; Animals; Ecosystem; Fisheries; Data Management; Data Collection; Web Browser; Fishes
PubMed: 37864836
DOI: 10.1093/database/baad067 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section D,... Aug 2023Fixed-target crystallography has become a widely used approach for serial crystallography at both synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources. A plethora of...
Fixed-target crystallography has become a widely used approach for serial crystallography at both synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources. A plethora of fixed targets have been developed at different facilities and by various manufacturers, with different characteristics and dimensions and with little or no emphasis on standardization. These many fixed targets have good reasons for their design, shapes, fabrication materials and the presence or absence of apertures and fiducials, reflecting the diversity of serial experiments. Given this, it would be a Sisyphean task to design and manufacture a new standard fixed target that would satisfy all possible experimental configurations. Therefore, a simple standardized descriptor to fully describe fixed targets is proposed rather than a standardized device. This descriptor is a dictionary that could be read by fixed-target beamline software and straightforwardly allow data collection from fixed targets new to that beamline. The descriptor would therefore allow a much easier exchange of fixed targets between sources and facilitate the uptake of new fixed targets, benefiting beamlines, users and manufacturers. This descriptor was first presented at, and was developed following, a meeting of representatives from multiple synchrotron and XFEL sources in Hamburg in January 2023.
Topics: Crystallography, X-Ray; Synchrotrons; Software; Data Collection; Lasers
PubMed: 37463110
DOI: 10.1107/S2059798323005429 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Language; Linguistics; Social Justice; Data Collection
PubMed: 37127274
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0237 -
Current Opinion in Structural Biology Jun 2024Methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are typically used to resolve structures of vitrified biological specimens using both single particle analysis (SPA)... (Review)
Review
Methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are typically used to resolve structures of vitrified biological specimens using both single particle analysis (SPA) and tomographic methods and use both conventional as well as scanning transmission modes of data collection. Automation of data collection for each method has been developed to different levels of convenience for the users. Automation of methods using the conventional TEM mode has progressed the furthest. Beam-image shift strategies first used in data collection for SPA were shown to be equally valuable for cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Machine learning methods have been applied for target selection and for planning optimal paths of data collection for SPA. These methods also enabled automated screening. Apertures matching the square shape of cameras have been recently described. Some progress has also been made in the automation of cryo applications of scanning TEM, promising an increase of throughput and potential for further improvement.
Topics: Cryoelectron Microscopy; Data Collection; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 38484552
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102795 -
JAMA Network Open Apr 2024Less than 5% of patients with cancer enroll in a clinical trial, partly due to financial and logistic burdens, especially among underserved populations. The COVID-19...
IMPORTANCE
Less than 5% of patients with cancer enroll in a clinical trial, partly due to financial and logistic burdens, especially among underserved populations. The COVID-19 pandemic marked a substantial shift in the adoption of decentralized trial operations by pharmaceutical companies.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the current global state of adoption of decentralized trial technologies, understand factors that may be driving or preventing adoption, and highlight aspirations and direction for industry to enable more patient-centric trials.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
The Bloomberg New Economy International Cancer Coalition, composed of patient advocacy, industry, government regulator, and academic medical center representatives, developed a survey directed to global biopharmaceutical companies of the coalition from October 1 through December 31, 2022, with a focus on registrational clinical trials. The data for this survey study were analyzed between January 1 and 31, 2023.
EXPOSURE
Adoption of decentralized clinical trial technologies.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The survey measured (1) outcomes of different remote monitoring and data collection technologies on patient centricity, (2) adoption of these technologies in oncology and all therapeutic areas, and (3) barriers and facilitators to adoption using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
All 8 invited coalition companies completed the survey, representing 33% of the oncology market by revenues in 2021. Across nearly all technologies, adoption in oncology trials lags that of all trials. In the current state, electronic diaries and electronic clinical outcome assessments are the most used technology, with a mean (SD) of 56% (19%) and 51% (29%) adoption for all trials and oncology trials, respectively, whereas visits within local physician networks is the least adopted at a mean (SD) of 12% (18%) and 7% (9%), respectively. Looking forward, the difference between the current and aspired adoption rate in 5 years for oncology is large, with respondents expecting a 40% or greater absolute adoption increase in 8 of the 11 technologies surveyed. Furthermore, digitally enabled recruitment, local imaging capabilities, and local physician networks were identified as technologies that could be most effective for improving patient centricity in the long term.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These findings may help to galvanize momentum toward greater adoption of enabling technologies to support a new paradigm of trials that are more accessible, less burdensome, and more inclusive.
Topics: Humans; Data Collection; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38607626
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6228 -
European Journal of Medical Genetics Dec 2023knowledge on the natural history of rare diseases is necessary to improve outcomes. Disease registries may play a key role in covering these unmet needs in the rare bone...
BACKGROUND
knowledge on the natural history of rare diseases is necessary to improve outcomes. Disease registries may play a key role in covering these unmet needs in the rare bone and mineral community.
OBJECTIVE
to map existing bone and mineral conditions registries in Europe and their characteristics.
METHODS
online survey about the use of registries/databases and their characteristics. This survey was disseminated among members of the European Reference Network on Rare Bone Diseases (ERN BOND) and non-ERN experts in the field of bone and mineral conditions as well as patient organisations.
RESULTS
sixty-three responses from health care providers (HCPs) and 10 responses from patient groups (PGs) were collected. The response rate for ERN BOND members was 55%. Of 63 HCPs, 37 declared using a registry. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was the most registered condition. We mapped 3 international registries, all were disease-specific.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need for developing a common high-quality platform for registering rare bone and mineral conditions.
Topics: Humans; Registries; Europe; Rare Diseases; Databases, Factual; Bone Diseases; Data Collection; Osteogenesis Imperfecta
PubMed: 38832910
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104868