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Nutrients Oct 2023Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a cardiovascular disease with significant personal health and socioeconomic consequences. The biological functions of decanoic acid and...
BACKGROUND
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a cardiovascular disease with significant personal health and socioeconomic consequences. The biological functions of decanoic acid and the pathogenesis of CAD overlap considerably; however, studies exploring their relationship are limited.
METHODS
Data from 34,186 Americans from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2018 were analyzed. The relationship between dietary decanoic acid (DDA) and CAD prevalence was explored using weighted multivariate logistic regression models, generalized summation models, and fitted smoothing curves. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were conducted to explore the potential modifiers between them.
RESULTS
DDA was negatively associated with CAD prevalence, with each 1 g/d increase in the DDA being associated with a 21% reduction in CAD prevalence (odds ratio (OR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61-1.02). This relationship persisted after log10 and trinomial transformations, respectively. The OR after log10 transformation was 0.81 (95% CI 0.69-0.96), and the OR for tertile 3 compared with tertile 1 was 0.83 (95% CI 0.69-1.00). The subgroup analyses found this relationship to be significant among males and non-Hispanic white individuals, and there was a significant interaction (interaction -values of 0.011 and 0.012, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
DDA was negatively associated with the prevalence of CAD, and both sex and race may modify this relationship.
Topics: Male; Humans; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutrition Surveys; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37892384
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204308 -
Biomolecules Sep 2023Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunctions, is associated with high levels of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ), which...
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunctions, is associated with high levels of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ), which is believed to play a role in cellular damage and signaling changes in AD. Decanoic acid has been shown to be therapeutic in AD. Glutamatergic signaling within neurons and astrocytes of the CA1 region of the hippocampus is critical in cognitive processes, and previous work has indicated deficiencies in this signaling in a mouse model of AD. In this study, we investigated glutamate-mediated signaling by evaluating AMPA-mediated calcium rises in female and male CA1 neurons and astrocytes in a mouse model of AD and examined the potential of decanoic acid to normalize this signaling. In brain slices from 5xFAD mice in which there are five mutations leading to increasing levels of Aβ, AMPA-mediated calcium transients in CA1 neurons and astrocytes were significantly lower than that seen in wildtype controls in both females and males. Interestingly, incubation of 5xFAD slices in decanoic acid restored AMPA-mediated calcium levels in neurons and astrocytes in both females and males to levels indistinguishable from those seen in wildtype, whereas similar exposure to decanoic acid did not result in changes in AMPA-mediated transients in neurons or astrocytes in either sex in the wildtype. Our data indicate that one mechanism by which decanoic acid could improve cognitive functioning is through normalizing AMPA-mediated signaling in CA1 hippocampal cells.
Topics: Male; Mice; Female; Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Astrocytes; Calcium; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Hippocampus; Neurons; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37892143
DOI: 10.3390/biom13101461 -
BMC Neuroscience Oct 2023Diagnosis and prognostication of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) continue to be problematic despite years of research efforts. There are currently no clinically... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Diagnosis and prognostication of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) continue to be problematic despite years of research efforts. There are currently no clinically reliable biomarkers, though advances in protein biomarkers are being made. Utilizing Omics technology, particularly metabolomics, may provide new diagnostic biomarkers for sTBI. Several published studies have attempted to determine the specific metabolites and metabolic pathways involved; these studies will be reviewed.
AIMS
This scoping review aims to summarize the current literature concerning metabolomics in sTBI, review the comprehensive data, and identify commonalities, if any, to define metabolites with potential clinical use. In addition, we will examine related metabolic pathways through pathway analysis.
METHODS
Scoping review methodology was used to examine the current literature published in Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Medline. An initial 1090 publications were identified and vetted with specific inclusion criteria. Of these, 20 publications were selected for further examination and summary. Metabolic data was classified using the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and arranged to determine the 'recurrent' metabolites and classes found in sTBI. To help understand potential mechanisms of injury, pathway analysis was performed using these metabolites and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway Database.
RESULTS
Several metabolites related to sTBI and their effects on biological pathways were identified in this review. Across the literature, proline, citrulline, lactate, alanine, valine, leucine, and serine all decreased in adults post sTBI, whereas both octanoic and decanoic acid increased. Hydroxy acids and organooxygen compounds generally increased following sTBI, while most carboxylic acids decreased. Pathway analysis showed significantly affected glycine and serine metabolism, glycolysis, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, and other amino acid metabolisms. Interestingly, no tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were affected.
CONCLUSION
Aside from a select few metabolites, classification of a metabolic profile proved difficult due to significant ambiguity between study design, sample size, type of sample, metabolomic detection techniques, and other confounding variables found in sTBI literature. Given the trends found in some studies, further metabolomics investigation of sTBI may be useful to identify clinically relevant metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Metabolomics; Metabolome; Biomarkers; Serine
PubMed: 37845610
DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00824-1 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Feb 2024Medium-chain triglycerides such as decanoic acid (C10), which is one of the fatty acids that constitute dietary fats, are of substantial interest for their potential...
BACKGROUND
Medium-chain triglycerides such as decanoic acid (C10), which is one of the fatty acids that constitute dietary fats, are of substantial interest for their potential therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the effects of C10 on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain to be studied. We explored the effects of C10 on behavioural activity and antioxidant defences in an experimental animal model of ADHD.
METHODS
To establish an experimental animal model of ADHD, neonatal rats were subjected to unilateral striatal lesions using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The rats sequentially underwent open-field and Y-maze tests before treatment [postnatal day 25 (PN25)]. After the subcutaneous administration of either vehicle or C10 solution (250 mg/kg) for 14 days, the behavioural tests were repeated on PN39. Next, we examined the effects of C10 on the expression of the constitutive antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1/2 and the phase II transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in four different regions of the rat brain.
RESULTS
Injection of 6-OHDA unilaterally into the striatum resulted in elevated locomotor activity on PN39. The administration of C10 for a period of 14 days did not alter the locomotor hyperactivity. Moreover, the administration of C10 had no significant effects on the expression of proteins related to antioxidant defences in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum or cerebellum of both control and lesioned rats.
CONCLUSIONS
The lack of significant effects of C10 in our study may depend on the dose and duration of C10 administration. Further exhaustive studies are needed to verify the efficacy and effects of different doses and treatment durations of C10 and to explore the underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Oxidopamine; Antioxidants; Disease Models, Animal; Locomotion; Decanoic Acids
PubMed: 38419446
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2302039 -
Nutrients Jun 2023Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) is the reduction in gut function to below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes,...
Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) is the reduction in gut function to below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes, such that intravenous supplementation is required to maintain health and/or growth. The overall goal in treating IF is to achieve intestinal adaptation; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing in pediatric IF patients, we found that decreased Kruppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4) may serve as the hub gene responsible for the functional deficit in mature enterocytes in IF patients, leading to the downregulation of solute carrier (SLC) family transporters (e.g., SLC7A9) and, consequently, nutrient malabsorption. We also found that inducible KLF4 was highly sensitive to the loss of certain enteral nutrients: in a rodent model of total parenteral nutrition mimicking the deprivation of enteral nutrition, the expression of KLF4 dramatically decreased only at the tip of the villus and not at the bottom of crypts. By using IF patient-derived intestinal organoids and Caco-2 cells as in vitro models, we demonstrated that the supplementation of decanoic acid (DA) could significantly induce the expression of KLF4 along with SLC6A4 and SLC7A9, suggesting that DA may function as a potential therapeutic strategy to promote cell maturation and functional improvement. In summary, this study provides new insights into the mechanism of intestinal adaptation depending on KLF4, and proposed potential strategies for nutritional management using DA.
Topics: Humans; Kruppel-Like Factor 4; Caco-2 Cells; Intestinal Failure; Intestinal Mucosa; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
PubMed: 37375564
DOI: 10.3390/nu15122660 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Quetiapine (QTP) is a first-line antipsychotic drug, but its therapeutic druggability and patient adherence were limited due to high oral dose strength, low...
BACKGROUND
Quetiapine (QTP) is a first-line antipsychotic drug, but its therapeutic druggability and patient adherence were limited due to high oral dose strength, low bioavailability and physicochemical/biopharmaceutical issues.
PURPOSE
To investigate the roles of fatty acid chain length and enzyme-oriented QTP controlled release from pH-triggering self-assembled fatty acid conjugated QTP nanosuspensions (NSPs).
METHODS
QTP was conjugated with different chain length fatty acids (C10-decanoic acid, C14-myristic acid, C18-stearic acid) to obtain QTP-fatty acid conjugates (QFCs: QD, QM, QS) by exploiting 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/4-dimethylaminopyridine (EDC/DMAP) conjugation chemistry. Then, the solubility, partitioning coefficient (log P), cell viability and cleavage kinetics of QFCs were evaluated. The pH-triggering self-assembled behaviors of QFCs to form QTP-fatty acid NSPs (QDN, QMN, QSN) by varying pH, QFC concentration and proton-to-QTP ratios were characterized. The morphological images, critical micelle concentration (CMC), physicochemical properties and enzyme-oriented QTP controlled release of NSPs were examined.
RESULTS
Three QFCs were synthesized with different chain length fatty acids from QTP after desalting fumarate from QTP fumarate. The pH, QFC concentration and proton-to-quetiapine molar ratio could influence physicochemical properties and nanonization behaviors of QFCs. All three QFCs showed no effect on the viability of myoblast cells. The pH-triggering self-assembly of amphiphilic QFCs to form nanoparticles (NPs) occurred as the amine moiety of QTP was readily ionized in a strongly acidic environment (pH 1.2). Interestingly, the longer the fatty acid chain length, the lower water solubility, the higher log P (lipophilicity) and the smaller NP particle size were observed. The conversion rate of QFCs to liberate QTP by esterase in human plasma and liver S9 fractions was also inversely proportional to the fatty acid carbon chain length. Interestingly, the freeze-dried QMN showed the esterase-oriented controlled release of QTP over one month, unlike the initial burst release of QDN or the slowly delayed release pattern of QSN.
CONCLUSION
A new pH-triggering self-assembled nanonization platform was developed using different chain length fatty acid conjugated QTP in low pH environment. By varying fatty acid chain length, the enzyme-oriented QTP controlled release dosage form was challenged to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of QTP.
Topics: Humans; Quetiapine Fumarate; Fatty Acids; Delayed-Action Preparations; Protons; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Esterases; Fumarates
PubMed: 38054081
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S440207 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Infections caused by spp. pose a continuing challenge for modern medicine, due to widespread resistance to commonly used antifungal agents (e.g., azoles). Thus, there...
Infections caused by spp. pose a continuing challenge for modern medicine, due to widespread resistance to commonly used antifungal agents (e.g., azoles). Thus, there is considerable interest in discovering new, natural compounds that can be used in combination therapy with conventional antibiotics. Here, we investigate whether the natural compounds surfactin and capric acid, in combination with posaconazole, enhance the growth inhibition of strains with alterations in sterols and the sphingolipids biosynthesis pathway. We demonstrate that combinations of posaconazole with surfactin or capric acid correspond with the decreased growth of strains. Moreover, surfactin and capric acid can independently contribute to the reduced adhesion of strains with altered ergosterol biosynthesis to abiotic surfaces (up to 90% reduction in adhesion). A microscopic study of the plasma membrane revealed that combinations of those compounds do not correspond with the increased permeabilization of the plasma membrane when compared to cells treated with posaconazole alone. This suggests that the fungistatic effect of posaconazole in combination with surfactin or capric acid is related to the reduction in adhesion of .
Topics: Candida albicans; Sterols; Antifungal Agents; Azoles; Phytosterols; Sphingolipids; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38139328
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417499 -
Nutrients Jul 2023An adequate nutritional intake is recommended for the prevention of physical frailty and sarcopenia. In particular, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are reportedly... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Assessing If Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase Muscle Strength in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults.
An adequate nutritional intake is recommended for the prevention of physical frailty and sarcopenia. In particular, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are reportedly important for muscle strength in nursing home residents. However, the effects of MCFAs on healthy adults at risk for frailty remain unknown. Hence, a randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) intake and walking on muscle mass and function in healthy, sedentary, middle-aged and older adults with a low body mass index. Three MCT intake groups with different amounts of octanoic and decanoic acid intake were compared with a control group. After 12 weeks, knee extension strength increased in all groups, with the increases in all MCT intake groups being significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). Grip strength significantly increased from baseline in the MCT 6 g/day intake group ( < 0.05). The combination of aerobic exercise and MCT intake may be effective in preventing decline in muscle strength and promoting increase in muscle strength as they can improve muscle energy production, thereby contributing to the maintenance of good health for middle-aged and older adults at high risk for frailty and sarcopenia.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Aged; Sarcopenia; Frailty; Dietary Supplements; Muscle Strength; Hand Strength; Exercise; Triglycerides; Muscle, Skeletal; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37513691
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143275 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Feb 2024Per-and Poly-FluoroAlkyl Substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent, toxic, and mobile and chemicals both from industrial sources and from the use and disposal of...
Per-and Poly-FluoroAlkyl Substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent, toxic, and mobile and chemicals both from industrial sources and from the use and disposal of Consumers products containing PFAS, whose concentration in marine food webs could pose a toxicological risk for biota and humans. In 2021, unhatched eggs were sampled from 41 loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta nests from the Italian shores of the Campania Region (Southern Italy). Whole eggs were analysed for the presence of 66 legacy and emerging PFAS with Liquid Chromatography coupled to Hybrid High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. A median Σ Per- and Poly-FluoroAlkyl Substances value of 3.34 ng/g egg fresh weight was found; perfluoroctane sulfonate (PFOS) represented the most contributing congener (47%), followed by perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid, perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid, perfluoro-n-decanoic acid, perfluoro-n-decanoic acid, and perfluoro-n-tetradecanoic acid, respectively. Such compounds showed a log-norm distribution, suggesting found concentrations could represent the baseline levels in the considered sampling area. Emerging ChloroPolyFluoroPolyEthers Carboxylic Acids (ClPFECAs) were found in 20 out of 41 samples in the range 0.01-1.59 ng/g. Four samples had 20-100 fold higher concentration compared to that of other samples, suggesting the presence of hot spot areas possibly related to presence of fluoropolymer-based marine litter turtles may ingest. The analysis of two paired eggs/liver samples recovered from stranded animals revealed PFAS concentration in the same order of magnitude, supporting the role of vitellogenin in their selective transfer to yolk. Significant (P = 0.0155) Kendall negative correlation coefficient of -0.2705 among PFOS content in eggs and the recorded hatching success prompts for further investigation on associated exposure assessment and related eco-toxicity risk. This work reports for the first time PFAS presence in georeferenced loggerhead turtle eggs of the Mediterranean Sea and results represent a starting point to study PFAS time-trends in this vulnerable species.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Turtles; Italy; Mediterranean Sea; Fluorocarbons; Decanoic Acids
PubMed: 38159636
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123257 -
RSC Advances Nov 2023In modern society, people spend most of their time indoors engaging in their work and home life. However, indoor air pollution is a potential risk to health, and it is...
In modern society, people spend most of their time indoors engaging in their work and home life. However, indoor air pollution is a potential risk to health, and it is associated with many diseases. Wooden furniture, as the most popular indoor furniture used in modern times, is a major source of indoor air pollution, so it has become imperative to explore the composition and release kinetics characteristics of toxic and hazardous substances from wood-based panels. In this study, thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was used to detect the release of organic compounds from wood panels, and determine the release kinetics of the organic compounds dimethyl acetal, phenol, toluene and decanoic acid bi-exponential and mass transfer models to provide a theoretical basis for targeted pollution prevention and control. In this project, a climate chamber method was used to conduct a 120 h continuous sampling of the release concentration of compounds from wood panels. The TD-GC-MS method was used to analyze the sampling tubes, and the concentration-time data were fitted to the bi-exponential and mass transfer models. The emission factor equation was obtained from the bi-exponential model. The critical physical parameters, such as the initial internal release concentration , internal diffusion rate , and solid-phase/gas-phase partition coefficient , were obtained from the mass transfer model. Finally, it was found that dimethyl acetal and toluene were easily and rapidly released into the air, while phenol and decanoic acid were slowly released into the ambient air. The two sets of release kinetics characteristics provide an essential theoretical basis for targeted pollution prevention and control, as well as a methodological path for studying the release kinetics of different toxic and hazardous substances.
PubMed: 38025873
DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03587e