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Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2023Déjà vu can be defined as conflict between a subjective evaluation of familiarity and a concurrent evaluation of novelty. Accounts of the déjà vu experience have not... (Review)
Review
Déjà vu can be defined as conflict between a subjective evaluation of familiarity and a concurrent evaluation of novelty. Accounts of the déjà vu experience have not explicitly referred to a "conflict account of déjà vu" despite the acceptance of conflict-based definitions of déjà vu and relatively recent neuroimaging work that has implicated brain areas associated with conflict as underpinning the experience. Conflict monitoring functioning follows a similar age-related trajectory to déjà vu with a peak in young adulthood and a subsequent age-related decline. In this narrative review of the literature to date, we consider how déjà vu is defined and how this has influenced the understanding of déjà vu. We also review how déjà vu can be understood within theories of recognition memory and cognitive control. Finally, we summarise the conflict account of déjà vu and propose that this account of the experience may provide a coherent explanation as to why déjà vu experiences tend to decrease with age in the non-clinical population.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Motivation; Recognition, Psychology; Brain; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 37979736
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105467 -
Journal of Intelligence Jun 2023Curiosity during learning increases information-seeking behaviors and subsequent memory retrieval success, yet the mechanisms that drive curiosity and its accompanying...
Curiosity during learning increases information-seeking behaviors and subsequent memory retrieval success, yet the mechanisms that drive curiosity and its accompanying information-seeking behaviors remain elusive. Hints throughout the literature suggest that curiosity may result from a metacognitive signal-possibly of closeness to a not yet accessible piece of information-that in turn leads the experiencer to seek out additional information that will resolve a perceptibly small knowledge gap. We examined whether metacognition sensations thought to signal the likely presence of an as yet unretrieved relevant memory (such as familiarity or déjà vu) might be involved. Across two experiments, when cued recall failed, participants gave higher curiosity ratings during reported déjà vu (Experiment 1) or déjà entendu (Experiment 2), and these states were associated with increased expenditure of limited experimental resources to discover the answer. Participants also spent more time attempting to retrieve information and generated more incorrect information when experiencing these déjà vu-like states than when not. We propose that metacognition signaling of the possible presence of an as yet unretrieved but relevant memory may drive curiosity and prompt information-seeking that includes further search efforts.
PubMed: 37367514
DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11060112 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Nov 2023I strongly support Barzykowski and Moulin in their proposal that common retrieval mechanisms can lead to distinct phenomenological memory experiences. I emphasize the...
I strongly support Barzykowski and Moulin in their proposal that common retrieval mechanisms can lead to distinct phenomenological memory experiences. I emphasize the importance of one of these mechanisms, namely the attribution system. Neuropsychological studies should help clarifying the role of these retrieval mechanisms, notably in cases of medial temporal-lobe lesions and cases of dementia.
Topics: Humans; Memory, Episodic
PubMed: 37961781
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000249 -
Annals of Neurology Nov 2023Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE) is an important focal epilepsy syndrome; its molecular genetic basis is unknown. Clinical descriptions of FMTLE vary...
OBJECTIVE
Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE) is an important focal epilepsy syndrome; its molecular genetic basis is unknown. Clinical descriptions of FMTLE vary between a mild syndrome with prominent déjà vu to a more severe phenotype with febrile seizures and hippocampal sclerosis. We aimed to refine the phenotype of FMTLE by analyzing a large cohort of patients and asked whether common risk variants for focal epilepsy and/or febrile seizures, measured by polygenic risk scores (PRS), are enriched in individuals with FMTLE.
METHODS
We studied 134 families with ≥ 2 first or second-degree relatives with temporal lobe epilepsy, with clear mesial ictal semiology required in at least one individual. PRS were calculated for 227 FMTLE cases, 124 unaffected relatives, and 16,077 population controls.
RESULTS
The age of patients with FMTLE onset ranged from 2.5 to 70 years (median = 18, interquartile range = 13-28 years). The most common focal seizure symptom was déjà vu (62% of cases), followed by epigastric rising sensation (34%), and fear or anxiety (22%). The clinical spectrum included rare cases with drug-resistance and/or hippocampal sclerosis. FMTLE cases had a higher mean focal epilepsy PRS than population controls (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.06, 1.46, p = 0.007); in contrast, no enrichment for the febrile seizure PRS was observed.
INTERPRETATION
FMTLE is a generally mild drug-responsive syndrome with déjà vu being the commonest symptom. In contrast to dominant monogenic focal epilepsy syndromes, our molecular data support a polygenic basis for FMTLE. Furthermore, the PRS data suggest that sub-genome-wide significant focal epilepsy genome-wide association study single nucleotide polymorphisms are important risk variants for FMTLE. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:825-835.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Genome-Wide Association Study; Seizures, Febrile; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Electroencephalography; Syndrome; Hippocampus
PubMed: 37597255
DOI: 10.1002/ana.26765 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Oct 2023
PubMed: 37788652
DOI: 10.20344/amp.20116 -
Acta Neuropathologica Communications Dec 2023Gene fusion events have been linked to oncogenesis in many cancers. However, gene fusions in meningioma are understudied compared to somatic mutations, chromosomal...
Gene fusion events have been linked to oncogenesis in many cancers. However, gene fusions in meningioma are understudied compared to somatic mutations, chromosomal gains/losses, and epigenetic changes. Fusions involving B-raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) are subtypes of oncogenic BRAF genetic abnormalities that have been reported in certain cases of brain tumors, such as pilocytic astrocytomas. However, BRAF fusions have not been recognized in meningioma. We present the case of an adult female presenting with episodic partial seizures characterized by déjà vu, confusion, and cognitive changes. Brain imaging revealed a cavernous sinus and sphenoid wing mass and she underwent resection. Histopathology revealed a World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 meningioma. Genetic profiling with next generation sequencing and microarray analysis revealed an in-frame BRAF::PTPRN2 fusion affecting the BRAF kinase domain as well as chromothripsis of chromosome 7q resulting in multiple segmental gains and losses including amplifications of cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), tyrosine protein-kinase Met (MET), and smoothened (SMO). Elevated pERK staining in tumor cells provided evidence of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. This report raises the possibility that gene fusion events may be involved in meningioma pathogenesis and warrant further investigation.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8
PubMed: 38066633
DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01668-w -
European Archives of Psychiatry and... Mar 2024Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been associated with poor sleep quality and increased suicide risk. However, the association between PLEs, insomnia and suicide...
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) have been associated with poor sleep quality and increased suicide risk. However, the association between PLEs, insomnia and suicide risk has not been thoroughly investigated in prior studies. In this study, we aimed to explore as to whether insomnia moderates the association between PLEs and suicidal ideation. The study was performed in 4203 young adults (aged 18-35 years, 63.8% females). Data were collected using self-reports. Moderation analysis demonstrated that PLEs are associated with higher levels of the current suicidal ideation only in participants with greater severity of insomnia (B = 0.003, p < 0.001). This analysis included age, gender, education, occupation and depressive symptoms as covariates. Moreover, the network analysis demonstrated that nodes representing PLEs are connected to the node of current suicidal ideation only in participants with greater severity of insomnia. The nodes of PLEs connected to the current suicidal ideation node captured PLEs representing deja vu experiences, auditory hallucination-like experiences and paranoia (edge weights between 0.011 and 0.083). Furthermore, nodes representing PLEs were the three most central nodes in the network analysis of individuals with higher levels of insomnia (strength centrality between 0.96 and 1.10). In turn, the three most central nodes were represented by depressive symptoms in the network analysis of individuals with lower levels of insomnia (strength centrality between 0.67 and 0.79). Findings from this study indicate that insomnia might be an important risk factor of suicide in people with PLEs, especially those reporting deja vu experiences, auditory hallucination-like experiences and paranoia.
Topics: Female; Young Adult; Humans; Male; Suicidal Ideation; Psychotic Disorders; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Suicide; Hallucinations; Ascorbic Acid
PubMed: 37516979
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01653-3 -
Cureus Sep 2023Epidermoid cysts represent roughly 1% of all intracranial tumors. They are frequently located in the cerebellopontine angle but rarely extend to the supratentorial...
Epidermoid cysts represent roughly 1% of all intracranial tumors. They are frequently located in the cerebellopontine angle but rarely extend to the supratentorial brain. Epilepsy is an extremely uncommon manifestation of this neoplasm. We suggest the surgical management of a 35-year-old male who presented with a six-month history of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. His seizures were characterized by a focal onset in the form of déjà vu experiences, followed by a secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Imaging revealed a heterogeneous cystic mass in the right cerebellopontine angle, extending supratentorially causing a mass effect on the mesial temporal region. Gross total resection was achieved through a combined subtemporal-retrosigmoid approach. Histopathology revealed an epidermoid cyst. The patient was entirely seizure-free at the three-month follow-up. Epidermoid cysts may present with epileptic seizures. Seizure freedom can be achieved with surgical management in most cases. The patient's symptoms, imaging findings, and epileptogenic focus must be considered to select the appropriate surgical strategy.
PubMed: 37849566
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45360