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Dentistry Journal Aug 2023This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dental caries, dental anxiety, and salivary cortisol levels in children visiting pediatric dental clinics and...
AIM
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dental caries, dental anxiety, and salivary cortisol levels in children visiting pediatric dental clinics and their implications on pediatric oral health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a dental university in the UAE. A total of 60 children, aged 4-12 years, were included. Salivary cortisol levels were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Dental caries status was evaluated, and dental anxiety levels were assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Statistical analyses, including Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, were performed to determine significant differences and associations.
RESULTS
The study group showed significantly higher salivary cortisol levels compared to the control group ( < 0.0001). A strong positive correlation was found between salivary cortisol levels and dental caries status ( < 0.001). However, no significant difference in dental anxiety levels was observed between the study and control groups ( = 0.85). A strong positive correlation was found between dental anxiety levels and dental caries status ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate a significant association between salivary cortisol levels and dental caries, suggesting that higher cortisol levels are associated with active caries. Dental anxiety levels were positively correlated with dental caries. Understanding the relationship between these variables can contribute to better oral health strategies and interventions for children, emphasizing the importance of managing dental anxiety and stress in pediatric dental care.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This study highlights the potential of salivary cortisol as a biomarker for assessing stress and its impact on oral health in children. By addressing dental anxiety and stress, dental professionals can provide child-friendly dental care, enhance preventive measures, and improve oral health outcomes in pediatric patients.
PubMed: 37754325
DOI: 10.3390/dj11090205 -
Acute Medicine & Surgery 2024Families of critically ill patients are predisposed to tremendous burdens when their relatives are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Postintensive care syndrome... (Review)
Review
Families of critically ill patients are predisposed to tremendous burdens when their relatives are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Postintensive care syndrome family (PICS-F) can be described as a devastated life, encompassing psychological, physical, and socioeconomical burdens that begin with the emotional impact experienced by the family when the patient is admitted to the ICU. PICS-F was primarily proposed as a clinically significant psychological impairment, but it needs to be extended beyond the psychological impairment of the family to include physical and socioeconomical impairments in the future. The prevalence of physiological problems including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic syndrome is 20-40%, and that of non-physiological problems including fatigue is 15% at 6 months after the ICU stay. Assessment of PICS-F was frequently conducted at 3- or 6-month points, although the beginning of the evaluation was based on different assessment points among each of the studies. Families of ICU patients need to be given and understand accurate information, such as the patient's diagnosis, planned care, and prognosis. Prevention of PICS-F requires a continuous bundle of multifaceted and/or multidisciplinary interventions including providing a family information leaflet, ICU diary, communication facilitators, supportive grief care, and follow-up, for the patient and families from during the ICU stay to after discharge from the ICU. This is the first comprehensive review of PICS-F to address the concept, risk factors, assessment tools, prevalence, and management to prevent PICS-F to facilitate acute care physicians' understanding of PICS-F.
PubMed: 38476451
DOI: 10.1002/ams2.939 -
JMIR Formative Research Oct 2023Dentistry interventions cause common anxiety and fear problems in children (6-11 years), and according to scientific evidence, this causes a decrease in their quality of...
BACKGROUND
Dentistry interventions cause common anxiety and fear problems in children (6-11 years), and according to scientific evidence, this causes a decrease in their quality of life. Therapies mediated by IT-based tools have been shown to positively influence children's mood based on distraction as well as relaxing activities, but there is no evidence of their use to reduce dental anxiety in children.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to answer the following research question: Does our new children-centered codesign methodology contribute to achieving a usable mobile-based product with a highly scored user experience?
METHODS
A mobile health app was developed to reduce dental anxiety in children using rapid application development following the usage-centered design methodology. Structured interviews were conducted to test the usability and user experience of the app prototype among 40 children (n=20, 50%, boys and n=20, 50%, girls; age 6-11 years) using a children-adapted questionnaire and the 7-point Single Ease Question rating scale. The Smiley Faces Program-Revised questionnaire was used to assess the level of dental anxiety in participants.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between girls and boys. The task completion rate was 95% (n=19) for children aged 6-8 years (group 1) and 100% (n=20) for children aged 9-11 years (group 2). Group 1 found watching the relaxing video (task C) to be the easiest, followed by playing a video minigame (task B) and watching the narrative (task A). Group 2 found task C to be the easiest, followed by task A and then task B. The average time spent on the different types of tasks was similar in both age groups. Most of the children in both age groups were happy with the app and found it funny. All children thought that having the app in the waiting room during a dental visit would be useful.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings confirmed that the app is usable and provides an excellent user experience. Our children-adapted methodology contributes to achieving usable mobile-based products for children with a highly scored user experience.
PubMed: 37889521
DOI: 10.2196/30443 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2023The interaction between dental anxiety and the establishment of a consistent dental care routine has been an ongoing challenge. Unfortunately, there is limited available...
The interaction between dental anxiety and the establishment of a consistent dental care routine has been an ongoing challenge. Unfortunately, there is limited available data concerning the detailed dental care practices of individuals with dental anxiety. Therefore, this study aims to explore how dental anxiety influences dental care habits and oral-health-related quality of life within an adult population. By utilizing the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the German Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G5), we assessed their extent. To evaluate the differences, we performed analyses of variance (Anova), an independent -test and rank correlation. The findings of this study unveil a significant correlation between elevated DAS scores and reduced frequency of tooth brushing; calculus removal and appointments for professional teeth cleaning. Interestingly; the use of dental floss and mouthwash solution as well as toothbrush hardness appeared to be not significantly affected by dental fear. Moreover, individuals with dental anxiety demonstrated a preference for manual toothbrushes over electric ones. In addition, higher DAS scores were found to be strongly associated with greater OHIP-G5 scores, thus leading to a substantial decline in overall oral health-related quality of life.
PubMed: 37629334
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165291 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jul 2023Dental hygiene students' stress might be rising with increasing undergraduate study content and expansions in dental hygienists' roles and expectations as society...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Dental hygiene students' stress might be rising with increasing undergraduate study content and expansions in dental hygienists' roles and expectations as society changes. This study explored Japanese and Taiwanese dental hygiene students' perceptions of stress and their idea of career planning.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Participants were second- to fourth-year students in the 2020 academic year at Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU; n = 60) and Taipei Medical University (TMU; n = 62). An anonymous questionnaire was distributed, which included questions on demographic information and career planning, as well as the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and modified Dental Environment Stress questionnaire (DES).
RESULTS
The response rates were 100.0% (TMDU) and 96.8% (TMU). The number of participants who chose dental hygiene as the first program choice ( < 0.001) and wished to work as dental hygienists after graduation ( = 0.018) in TMDU was significantly higher than in TMU. There was no significant difference between the two schools' stress levels in both PSS-10 and DES-26. The factors influencing students who wished to work as dental hygienists after graduation were "clinical year or not" ( = 0.007) in TMDU, and the DES factor included items related to lack of confidence in becoming a successful and competent dental hygienist, expectations, and fear of the future ( = 0.033) in TMU.
CONCLUSION
Both schools' students experienced moderate or relatively low levels of stress. TMDU students had higher stress related to academic studies, while TMU students had slightly higher stress related to future anxiety.
PubMed: 37404668
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.012 -
BMC Oral Health Oct 2023People with Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) experience oral health inequality due to myriad of risk factors and complex needs. Sensory processing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments to reduce psychophysiology responses of dental anxiety and support positive behaviours in children and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analyses.
BACKGROUND
People with Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) experience oral health inequality due to myriad of risk factors and complex needs. Sensory processing difficulties, maladaptive behaviours and dental anxiety contribute to difficulties in receiving preventive and routine dental treatments. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments (SADE) for children and young adults (up to the ages 24 years) with IDD to address cooperation and dental anxiety.
METHODS
This review was reported according to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE (Ovid), The Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science and OT Seeker were searched using appropriate terms to identify Randomised Control Trails (RCTs) that matched inclusion criteria. Screening was conducted by two reviewers after de-duplication based on titles and abstracts followed by full text retrieval. Quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB)-2 for crossover trials and data extracted by two reviewers. The details of the interventions and effectiveness were compared and discussed narratively, and comparable outcomes were included to meta-analyses using R software.
RESULTS
A total of 622 articles were identified and five articles met eligibility for inclusion. Three studies used multi-sensory adaptations and one used single sensory adaptation of music. Narrative synthesis showed some evidence of SADE reducing magnitude and duration, although, questionable for reducing the number of maladaptive behaviours. Two studies demonstrated conflicting evidence of the effect of SADE on cooperation. Three studies demonstrated significant positive impact of SADE on psychophysiological outcomes. Despite an overall tendency to favour SADE, no statistically significant difference of maladaptive behaviours was found between SADE and regular dental environment (RDE) (Standardised mean change (SMC) = 0.51; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.20 to 1.22; p = 0.161). SADE was superior to RDE (SMC -0.66; 95% CI -1.01 to -0.30; p = < 0.001) in reducing psychophysiological responses of dental anxiety.
CONCLUSION
Current evidence suggests that adapting visual, tactile, and auditory aspects of the dental environment in a single or multi-sensory approach demonstrates small positive effects on psychophysiological responses and maladaptive behaviours of dental anxiety for people with IDD.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The title of this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022322083).
Topics: Child; Humans; Young Adult; Dental Anxiety; Developmental Disabilities; Oral Health; Psychophysiology; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37858057
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03445-6 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023According to the scientific literature, climate change, due to human activities, can damage the environment, with psycho-physical consequences for humans. The scientific... (Review)
Review
According to the scientific literature, climate change, due to human activities, can damage the environment, with psycho-physical consequences for humans. The scientific literature has highlighted how severe weather events can cause fear, stress, concern for the future, and eco-anxiety. In light of this information, this study aims to explore the concept of eco-anxiety. However, climate change is still perceived as a secondary problem. It would also be worth investigating the real importance that people attach to environmental issues compared to other circumstances, such as wars or pandemics.
Topics: Humans; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Fear; Forecasting; Climate Change
PubMed: 38138156
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122053 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Anxiety is common preceding tooth extraction; hence, it is crucial to identify patients with dental anxiety (DA) and to manage DA. This study assessed the level of DA...
BACKGROUND
Anxiety is common preceding tooth extraction; hence, it is crucial to identify patients with dental anxiety (DA) and to manage DA. This study assessed the level of DA and influencing factors in tooth extraction patients in a dental hospital in China and changes in their blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during the tooth-extraction procedure.
METHODS
The study was a cohort study. The Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was used to assess the level of DA of 120 patients before tooth extraction. A Demographics and Oral Health Self-Assessment Form was used to assess factors influencing DA. The correlations of DAS scores with HR and BP were measured. The effects of local anesthesia and general anesthesia on HR and BP were also compared using a Datex-Ohmeda anesthesia monitor to detect HR and BP continuously before and after anesthesia. Independent sample t-tests, OLS multiple regression model and one-way analysis of variance were applied to analysis the results.
RESULTS
Based on the DAS score, 12.5% of the participants were identified as suffering from DA. DA was related to age, gender, and the self-assessment of oral health. The DAS score was correlated with increased BP (P < 0.05). BP showed an overall upward trend after local anesthesia, while it was generally stable after general anesthesia. The systolic BP at 4 and 5 min and the HR at 2 and 4 min increased remarkably (P < 0.05) after local anesthesia compared with those before anesthesia. The HR and BP of patients under local anesthesia were generally higher than those of patients under general anesthesia were during the operation.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of DA in adults was 12.5% in this study population. DA was related to gender, age, and the self-assessment of oral health. The score of DAS was correlated with BP. Compare to local anesthesia, general anesthesia can make the vital signs of tooth extraction patients more stable.
Topics: Humans; Dental Anxiety; Tooth Extraction; Female; Male; Heart Rate; Anesthesia, Dental; Adult; Blood Pressure; Middle Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Local; Cohort Studies; Sex Factors; Age Factors; Young Adult; Vital Signs; Aged
PubMed: 38811912
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04404-5 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Women of reproductive age frequently suffer from psychiatric disorders. The risk of developing anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders is especially significant...
BACKGROUND
Women of reproductive age frequently suffer from psychiatric disorders. The risk of developing anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders is especially significant during the perinatal period.
OBJECTIVES
This article aims to identify and discuss the different psychiatric conditions that might affect pregnant women and update the mother's carers about the recent and updated bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, As well as the most updates in diagnostic and management strategies.
METHODS
A thorough analysis of the literature was conducted using database searches in EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed to obtain the objectives and aim of the study.
RESULTS
The presence of maternal mental illness during pregnancy has been linked to preterm delivery, newborn hypoglycemia, poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, and disturbed attachment. Placental anomalies, small-for-gestational-age foetuses, foetal discomfort, and stillbirth are among more undesirable perinatal outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Pregnancy-related psychiatric disorders are frequent. The outcomes for pregnant women, infants, and women's health are all improved by proper diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric problems.
PubMed: 37954333
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20958