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Nutrients Sep 2023This study determined the effect of daily administration of Rice- on anxiety and nociception in mice subjected to repeated forced swim stress (FST). In a parallel...
This study determined the effect of daily administration of Rice- on anxiety and nociception in mice subjected to repeated forced swim stress (FST). In a parallel experiment, it was determined whether ergothioneine (EGT) contained in Rice- displayed similar effects. Anxiety and nociception were assessed behaviorally using multiple procedures. c-Fos and FosB immunoreactivities were quantified to assess the effect of both treatments on neural responses in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), and lumbar spinal dorsal horn (DH). FST increased anxiety- and pain-like behaviors in the hindpaw. Rice- or EGT significantly prevented these behaviors after FST. In the absence of formalin, both treatments prevented decreased FosB expressions in the PVN after FST, while no effect was seen in the NRM and DH. In the presence of formalin, both treatments prevented changes in c-Fos and FosB expressions in all areas in FST mice. Further, in vitro experiments using SH-SY5Y cells were conducted. Rice- and EGT did not affect cell viability but changed the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In conclusion, Rice- could reduce anxiety and pain associated with psychophysical stress, possibly mediated by the modulatory effects of EGT on neural functions in the brain.
PubMed: 37764773
DOI: 10.3390/nu15183989 -
Dentistry Journal Aug 2023Children who undergo painful experiences such as traumatic dental injury (TDI) during their early years are more likely to be at an increased risk of developing dental...
BACKGROUND
Children who undergo painful experiences such as traumatic dental injury (TDI) during their early years are more likely to be at an increased risk of developing dental fear and anxiety (DFA). The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for DFA of these children.
METHODS
The study participants were 220 parents/caregivers and their children who experienced TDI. Their socio-demographic backgrounds were investigated with the modified WHO Oral Health Questionnaire for Children that included questions about parents' knowledge and attitudes, while the DFA level was determined using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S Index) was used to assess oral hygiene status.
RESULTS
The confirmed risk factors are parental knowledge, female gender, and degree of oral hygiene and pain in the last three months, while age, type of TDI, presence of soft-tissue injury, and number of subjective complaints were not confirmed. The overall model predicted approximately 54% of variance in DFA, R = 0.545, F (4.215) = 64.28 < 0.001.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings emphasise the importance of addressing pain management, improving oral hygiene, and enhancing parental knowledge to mitigate DFA in children with TDIs.
PubMed: 37623286
DOI: 10.3390/dj11080190 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Aug 2023The purpose of this study was to assess the association between electronic screen time and dental anxiety and behaviour among children aged six to twelve years during...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to assess the association between electronic screen time and dental anxiety and behaviour among children aged six to twelve years during dental examination, prophylaxis, and topical fluoride application.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study which included 402 paediatric dental patients aged six to twelve years who came to King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected from September 2020 to December 2021. Self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data from the patient and his/her guardian. It was comprised of eight demographic questions as well as 13 multiple-choice questions regarding the patients' screen time. Child dental anxiety was assessed by using Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS). Assessment of child's behaviour was done by using Frankl Behavioural Rating Scale.
RESULTS
This study had a response rate of 100%. Out of the 402 participants, 248 (61.7%) were found to have anxiety while 154 (38.3%) were not. Of all participants 274 (68.2%) were cooperative and 128 (31.8%) were not. A Significant relationship between anxiety and behavioural problems during a dental visit and the participant's total exposure hours to electronic devices was found (p < 0.001). Children exposed to electronics at the age of two years or before displayed more anxiety and uncooperative behaviour (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
early exposure to electronic screens, especially for entertainment purposes and longer exposure can be associated with increased dental anxiety and uncooperative behaviour in children age 6-12 years.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Parents should be educated about the risks of permitting their children to use electronic devices and encouraged to replace such devices with activities that incorporate physical activity.
PubMed: 36852238
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.12.021 -
Revista Cientifica Odontologica... 2023To determine the relationship between the level of anxiety and the physiological response to invasive dental treatments.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between the level of anxiety and the physiological response to invasive dental treatments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A convenience sample of 180 patients was formed (73 men and 107 women) ≥18 years (range: 18-58) undergoing treatment with local anesthetics from three private dental offices in the city of Lima. Measurements were made before, during and after treatment on anxiety according to the IDARE questionnaire of 40 questions (20 trait and 20 state) and their physiological response was evaluated according to oxygen saturation (OS), pulse and blood pressure (BP) measured. with digital pulse oximeter and blood pressure monitor. The Friedman and Spearman correlation tests were used, working with a value of P<0.05.
RESULTS
Most patients had a medium level of anxiety before dental treatment (state 49.4% and trait 55.6%). OS, pulse and BP increased after application of the anesthetic and decreased at the end of treatment, with significant differences (<0.05). Anxiety scores were significantly correlated only with pulse (state: r=0.238-0.564; trait: r=0.174-0.323) and BP (state: r=0.429-0.699; trait: r=0.312-0.465) (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
State-trait anxiety had a positive relationship with the physiological dimensions of blood pressure and pulse before dental treatment with local anesthetics.
PubMed: 38312469
DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1104-2023-175 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2024Dental anxiety and pain pose serious problems for both patients and dentists. One of the most stressful and frightening dental procedures for patients is dental implant... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Dental anxiety and pain pose serious problems for both patients and dentists. One of the most stressful and frightening dental procedures for patients is dental implant surgery; that even hearing its name causes them stress. Virtual reality (VR) distraction is an effective intervention used by healthcare professionals to help patients cope with unpleasant procedures. Our aim is to evaluate the use of high-quality VR and natural environments on dental implant patients to determine the effect on reducing pain and anxiety.
METHODS
Seventy-three patients having two dental implant surgeries participated in a randomized controlled trial. One surgery was with VR, and one was without. Anxiety was measured with the the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale tests. The pain was measured with the Numerical Rating Scales. Patient satisfaction, surgeon distress, memory vividness, and time perception were evaluated. Physiological data were collected with biofeedback and neurofeedback device.
RESULTS
VR effectively reduced anxiety and pain compared to no VR. Physiological data validated the questionnaire results. Patient satisfaction increased, with 90.4% willing to reuse VR. VR reduced time perception and memory vividness.
CONCLUSION
Psychometric and psychophysiological assessments showed that VR successfully reduced patient pain and anxiety. More dental clinicians should use VR technology to manage patient anxiety and pain.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Pain; Anxiety; Virtual Reality; Pain Management
PubMed: 38317209
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03904-8 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2023The present study aims to describe the dental visiting patterns in a Norwegian adult population and their associations with sociodemographic and oral health variables,...
OBJECTIVES
The present study aims to describe the dental visiting patterns in a Norwegian adult population and their associations with sociodemographic and oral health variables, including oral pain. We further explore if the utilization of dental health services and oral pain predicts caries and periodontitis, the most common oral diseases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We use data from the seventh wave of the Tromsø study performed in 2015-2016. In this cross-sectional survey, all residents 40 years or older in Tromsø municipality in Norway were invited, of whom 21,083 (65%) participated. All participants answered questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, use of health services, and self-reported health measures, including pain. Almost 4000 participants underwent a dental examination with registration of caries and periodontitis. Associations of dental visiting patterns and utilization of dental services the past 12 months with sociodemographic-, self-reported-, and clinical oral health measures were analyzed by cross-tabulation and Pearson's χ tests, as well as with logistic regression analyses with caries and periodontitis as outcomes.
RESULTS
A regular, annual dental visiting pattern was the most common, but among respondents with severe dental anxiety and poor dental health, visiting for acute problems only or never (symptomatic visiting) was the most common. Intervals of more than 24 months between visits and a symptomatic visiting pattern were associated with caries, whereas shorter than 12-month intervals and a symptomatic visiting pattern were associated with periodontitis. Many characteristics were shared among respondents with the lowest and the highest utilization of dental services, including oral pain, a difficult financial situation and poorer self-reported and clinical dental health.
CONCLUSIONS
Regular dental visits at 12-24 month intervals were associated with beneficial oral health parameters, compared with more frequent, rarer, and symptomatic dental visiting patterns. Oral pain was an unreliable predictor of caries and periodontitis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Periodontitis; Pain
PubMed: 37415297
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.753 -
International Journal of Implant... Aug 2023Accumulating evidence has revealed the effects of anterior implant procedures on dental anxiety (DA), aesthetic perception and oral health-related quality of life...
Changes of dental anxiety, aesthetic perception and oral health-related quality of life related to influencing factors of patients' demographics after anterior implant treatment: a prospective study.
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has revealed the effects of anterior implant procedures on dental anxiety (DA), aesthetic perception and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, few reported the changes and influencing factors of the above outcomes before and after anterior implant treatment. This study was to evaluate the changes of DA, aesthetic perception and OHRQoL related to influencing factors of patients' demographics after anterior implant treatment.
METHODS
Thirty-nine patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were prospectively recruited before surgery. The subjects completed the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OSE) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), before implant surgery and after definitive prosthesis placement. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test by Bonferroni correction were applied for the data analysis and the influencing factors evaluation (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
Overall, 39 patients (mean age of 44.9 ± 12.0) completed the three scales. After anterior implant treatment, MDAS was not significantly changed (p > 0.05). The overall OSE (p < 0.001) and OHIP-14 (p < 0.05) were significantly improved. Females showed more improvement of overall OHIP score than males after anterior implant treatment (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Anterior implant procedures did not change the level of patient's DA, while aesthetic perception and OHRQoL were enhanced. Only gender difference of overall OHIP change was found in our study. Thus, more related influencing factors with larger sample and long-term effective follow-up are needed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05424458. Registered 13 June 2022-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05424458 .
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Prospective Studies; Dental Anxiety; Dental Implants; Esthetics, Dental; Perception
PubMed: 37530855
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-023-00486-y -
Dentistry Journal Oct 2023Orofacial pain is a complex experience made up of different features and involving various aspects of life. It has demonstrated a connection, especially when chronic,... (Review)
Review
Orofacial pain is a complex experience made up of different features and involving various aspects of life. It has demonstrated a connection, especially when chronic, with conditions such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders, through paths that still have not been completely clarified. A deep understanding of orofacial pain and its impact on an individual's life is critical for planning accurate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the components constituting the pain experience, its implications in an individual's life, the different tools for multidimensional pain assessment, and the specific applications for each tool. A comprehensive review was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Ninety-five studies, including observational studies, clinical trials, case-control studies, and case reports, were included and analyzed in this review. Orofacial pain assessment exploits several methods, ranging from clinical evaluation to rating scales, questionnaires, and daily diaries. The choice of the correct instrument requires an evaluation of the type of pain experienced, of the patient's characteristics and abilities to complete particular tasks, and finally, of the assessment tool features.
PubMed: 37999011
DOI: 10.3390/dj11110246 -
BMC Health Services Research Nov 2023COVID-19 was declared a major public health crisis and a challenge to healthcare systems especially dental services where dentists working close to patients face a...
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 was declared a major public health crisis and a challenge to healthcare systems especially dental services where dentists working close to patients face a greater risk of infection. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the risk perception and practice modifications of undergraduate dental students at Tanta University to ensure safe dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 450 dental students from practical academic years at Tanta University, Egypt responded to a self-administered pre-designed validated and pretested questionnaire from the 11 of February 2022 to the end of April 2022 to assess some sociodemographic data, risk perception, and their practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS
Females reported significantly higher levels of fear than males concerning; contracting COVID-19 infection from patients (97.3% vs. 93%) (P = 0.028, 95% CI = 95.6(93.2-97.3), anxiety while treating symptomatic patients (95.1% vs. 90.3%) (P = 0.050, 95% CI = 93.1(90.4-95.3), and fear of infecting their families (94.7% vs. 89.8%) (P = 0.049, 95% CI = 92.7(89.9-94.9). More than half of the students (53.7%) had good practice scores, followed by 44% with average practice and 2.2% with poor practice. A good practice score was significantly associated with the age and academic year (P = 0.044, P = 0.044). Significant predictors of a good practice score in the logistic regression analysis were; updating knowledge with current guidelines for cross-infection regarding COVID-19 (P = 0.001, 95% CI = 53.20, 2.733), asking every patient's travel history before performing treatment (P = 0.021, 95% CI = 21.149, 1.286), deferring patients showing suspicious symptoms (P = 0.042, 95% CI = 20.688, 1.054), following routine universal precautions of infection for every patient (P = 0.016, 95% CI = 36.469, 1.438), using high-volume suction for every patient (P = 0.025, 95% CI = 20.826, 1.226) and using safety glasses or visor (P = 0.036, 95% CI = 21.673, 1.106).
CONCLUSION
The dental students exhibited anxiety and fear while caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, considerable changes in dental practices based on the standard guidelines were observed among the students. It is strongly advised that all dental schools have student counselors who are accessible for in-person and online counseling sessions. Peer support is a great approach to spot problems with stress and anxiety in pupils and start solving them.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; COVID-19; Egypt; Students, Dental; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Perception; Dental Care
PubMed: 37957726
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10196-1 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Nov 2023Anxiety is common in pediatric dental care, and affects the behavioral management of children. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been shown to improve children's...
Anxiety is common in pediatric dental care, and affects the behavioral management of children. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been shown to improve children's behavior. However, few studies have applied this technique in dentistry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of dog-assisted therapy to control anxiety during pediatric dental treatment. Twenty children were selected from the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Brazil. Participants were divided into two groups: Control (n = 11; visits = 16), in which children were conditioned by methods routinely used in the clinic; and AAT (n = 9; visits = 23), in which children had contact with a dog therapist first at the reception desk and then again inside the office. The dog therapist stayed beside the dental chair with the child throughout the procedures. Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CS) and heart rate (HR) were used for evaluation of child anxiety. The results were tested for normality of distribution with the Shapiro-Wilk method, and subsequently analyzed in BioEstat 5.0. HR results were compared by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test, and CS scores, with the Wilcoxon test. There was a significant reduction in HR in the AAT group ( = 0.0069). In the Control group, HR did not change before, during, or after treatment ( = 0.6052). Controls showed a significant increase in anxiety measured by CS before and after treatment ( = 0.0455). In the AAT group, there was no change in CS scores before and after treatment ( = 0.3739). AAT could be an alternative to reduce anxiety during pediatric dental care.
Topics: Animals; Child; Humans; Dogs; Pediatric Dentistry; Dental Anxiety; Animal Assisted Therapy; Anxiety; Brazil
PubMed: 37997233
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.080