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Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) represent a form of tooth wear, characterized by the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues at the enamel-cement junction, without...
Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) represent a form of tooth wear, characterized by the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues at the enamel-cement junction, without the involvement of caries and dental trauma. The aim of this study was to highlight the morphological elements of NCCLs via their stereomicroscopic examination and to confirm the role of this examination in the diagnosis of early lesions. In addition, the association between the morphological aspects identified during the stereomicroscopic examination of NCCLs and their etiological factors was determined. For this study, extracted teeth with NCCLs were examined with a stereomicroscope. The morphological aspects of NCCLs were evaluated at magnifications up to 75×. In wedge-shaped NCCLs, the stereomicroscopic examination allowed the identification and measurement of scratches, furrows and cracks. In saucer-shaped NCCLs, the stereomicroscopic examination highlighted the smooth appearance of the walls. The presented study highlighted the role of stereomicroscopic examination in the assessment of NCCL morphology and in their early diagnosis. The study confirmed, in particular, the role of occlusal overloads and tooth brushing in determining the morphology of NCCLs.
PubMed: 37568952
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152590 -
Cureus Oct 2023Numerous aspects of dentistry have been transformed by smart materials. In recent years, there have been advancements in dental materials that exhibit improved... (Review)
Review
Numerous aspects of dentistry have been transformed by smart materials. In recent years, there have been advancements in dental materials that exhibit improved biological compatibility. These materials are specifically designed to interact effectively with the fluids found in the oral cavity, including saliva and gingival crevicular fluids. The search for the optimum restorative material results in the development of a more recent generation of dental materials known as smart materials. Smart materials react to stimuli, including stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric field, and magnetic field, in a regulated way. Some of them are biomimetic and can imitate the dentin and enamel seen in natural teeth. These resources herald the start of a new era in dentistry known as "Smart Dentistry," and they project a promising future in terms of improved dependability and efficiency. These types of diverse materials can pick up and perform definite functionalities regarding adjustments in the nearby surroundings. Based on their capacity for recognition, analysis, and discrimination, these materials might be able to foresee problems in the near future. The superior biocompatibilities of smart materials, which have brought about a new generation of biosmart dentistry, are a crucial component of their utilization in numerous dental applications. We should use any material with intelligence as we progress in innovation and advanced technology. Additionally, we should purposefully incorporate intelligence into existing materials through design. Smart materials have proven advantageous in the field of dentistry, particularly in restorative applications. Various dental products, including smart composites, resin-modified glass ionomer materials, pit, and fissure sealants releasing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), smart ceramics, and compomers have all witnessed positive advancements due to the integration of smart materials.
PubMed: 38021683
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47185 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2023Dental restorative procedures remain a cornerstone of dental practice, and for many decades, dental amalgam was the most frequently employed material. However, its use... (Review)
Review
Dental restorative procedures remain a cornerstone of dental practice, and for many decades, dental amalgam was the most frequently employed material. However, its use is declining, mainly driven by its poor aesthetics and by the development of tooth-coloured adhesive materials. Furthermore, the Minamata Convention agreed on a phase-down on the use of dental amalgam. This concise review is based on a FDI Policy Statement which provides guidance on the selection of direct restorative materials as alternatives to amalgam. The Policy Statement was informed by current literature, identified mainly from PubMed and the internet. Ultimately, dental, oral, and patient factors should be considered when choosing the best material for each individual case. Dental factors include the dentition, tooth type, and cavity class and extension; oral aspects comprise caries risk profiles and related risk factors; and patient-related aspects include systemic risks/medical conditions such as allergies towards certain materials as well as compliance. Special protective measures (eg, a no-touch technique, blue light protection) are required when handling resin-based materials, and copious water spray is recommended when adjusting or removing restorative materials. Cost and reimbursement policies may need to be considered when amalgam alternatives are used, and the material recommendation requires the informed consent of the patient. There is no single material which can replace amalgam in all applications; different materials are needed for different situations. The policy statement recommends using a patient-centred rather than purely a material-centred approach. Further research is needed to improve overall material properties, the clinical performance, the impact on the environment, and cost-effectiveness of all alternative materials.
PubMed: 38071154
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.11.004 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Sep 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on shear bond strength (SBS) of several resin cement materials to different types of zirconia dental...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on shear bond strength (SBS) of several resin cement materials to different types of zirconia dental ceramics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
120 square shaped disc specimens were fabricated using two types of zirconia blocks (Sagemax and Sirona). Each zirconia group was divided into three sub-groups based on the resin cement bonded to the specimens. Three different self-adhesive resin cements were used (Calibra, Breeze and RelyX). The specimens were further grouped into experimental and control groups (n = 10). The experimental specimens were exposed to a thermo-cycling protocol of 1500 cycles in water bath at 5c and 55c. Specimens were then stored at 37c for 24 h then all specimens underwent SBS test with an Instron machine. Mode of failure was inspected visually and microscopically. Data were statistically analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance followed by one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's multiple comparison test, student's -test for independent samples were used to compare the mean values of SBS in relation to the categorical study variables.
RESULTS
The mean SBS values of experimental groups were significantly lower than control groups for all the 6 combinations of Zirconia and cement types (p < 0.0001). The higher mean difference (14.29 MPa) was observed in the combination of Sagemax and Rely-X. Rely-X displayed the highest SBS among all the cements while no significant difference was found in mean SBS values of Calibra and Breez cements in all groups. The mean SBS values of Sagemax zirconia were significantly higher than the Sirona with all three types of cements (p < 0.0001) within control groups. Microscopic and visual analysis demonstrated a majority of adhesive mode of failure.
CONCLUSION
Thermocycling significantly reduced the SBS between the zirconia materials and self-adhesive resin cements tested. The amount of reduction varies according to cement and zirconia types.
PubMed: 37817783
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.009 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jul 2023Fortilin is a multi-functional protein involved in several cellular processes. It has been shown promising potential to be a bioactive molecule that can be incorporated...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Fortilin is a multi-functional protein involved in several cellular processes. It has been shown promising potential to be a bioactive molecule that can be incorporated in the dental materials. This study aimed to compare the biocompatibility and mineralization activities of modified glass ionomer cement (Bio-GIC) and Biodentine by direct and indirect method on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), Bio-GIC (GIC supplemented with chitosan, tricalcium phosphate, and recombinant fortilin from ), and Biodentine were examined in this study. Recombinant fortilin was purified and tested for its cytotoxicity by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Human DPSCs were treated with different material eluate for particular time intervals. At given time points, viability of hDPSCs was examined using MTT assay and calcium deposition was assessed by Alizarin red staining assay. Comparisons of the data among groups were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparisons.
RESULTS
All test materials demonstrated no cytotoxicity. In addition, Bio-GIC promoted cell proliferation at 72 h. For direct and indirect method, cells treated with Bio-GIC demonstrated significantly higher calcium deposition than other groups ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Bio-GIC and Biodentine are not cytotoxic to hDPSCs. Bio-GIC demonstrates enhanced calcium deposition comparable to Biodentine. Bio-GIC may be further developed as a bioactive material for dentin regeneration.
PubMed: 37404606
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.024 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Nov 2023Half a million different plant species are occurring worldwide, of which only 1% has been phytochemically considered. Thus, there is great potential for discovering... (Review)
Review
Half a million different plant species are occurring worldwide, of which only 1% has been phytochemically considered. Thus, there is great potential for discovering novel bioactive compounds. In dentistry, herbal extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents, analgesics, and intracanal medicaments. Glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and bioactive glass (BAG) are attractive materials in dentistry due to their bioactivity, adhesion, and remineralisation capabilities. Thus, this review summarizes the evidence around the use of phytotherapeutics in dental glass-based materials. This review article covers the structure, properties, and clinical uses of GIC and BAG materials within dentistry, with an emphasis on all the attempts that have been made in the last 20 years to enhance their properties naturally using the wisdom of traditional medicines. An extensive electronic search was performed across four databases to include published articles in the last 20 years and the search was concerned only with the English language publications. Publications that involved the use of plant extracts, and their active compounds for the green synthesis of nanoparticles and the modification of GIC and BAG were included up to May 2023. Plant extracts are a potential and effective candidate for modification of different properties of GIC and BAG, particularly their antimicrobial activities. Moreover, natural plant extracts have shown to be very effective in the green synthesis of metal ion nanoparticles in an ecological, and easy way with the additional advantage of a synergistic effect between metal ions and the phytotherapeutic agents. Medicinal plants are considered an abundant, cheap source of biologically active compounds and many of these phytotherapeutics have been the base for the development of new lead pharmaceuticals. Further research is required to assess the safety and the importance of regulation of phytotherapeutics to expand their use in medicine.
Topics: Herbal Medicine; Plant Extracts; Glass Ionomer Cements; Metal Nanoparticles; Dentistry
PubMed: 37962680
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06764-w -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jul 2023To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the...
OBJECTIVES
To examine factors influencing the primary stability of dental implants when stabilized in over-sized osteotomies using a calcium phosphate-based adhesive cement was the objective.
METHODS
Using implant removal torque measurements as a surrogate for primary stability, we examined the influence of implant design features (diameter, surface area, and thread design), along with cement gap size and curing time, on the resulting primary implant stability.
RESULTS
Removal torque values scaled with implant surface area and increasing implant diameters. Cement gap size did not alter the median removal torque values; however, larger gaps were associated with an increased spread of the measured values. Among the removal torque values measured, all were found to be above 32 Ncm which is an insertion torque threshold value commonly recommended for immediate loading protocols.
CONCLUSION
The adhesive cement show potential for offering primary implant stability for different dental implant designs. In this study, the primary parameters influencing the measured removal torque values were the implant surface area and diameter. As the liquid cement prevents the use of insertion torque, considering the relationship between insertion and removal torque, removal torque can be considered a reliable surrogate for primary implant stability for bench and pre-clinical settings.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
At present, the primary stability of dental implants is linked to the quality of the host bone, the drill protocol, and the specific implant design. The adhesive cement might find applications in future clinical settings for enhancing primary stability of implants under circumstances where this cannot be achieved conventionally.
Topics: Dental Implants; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Prosthesis Design; Bone and Bones; Device Removal; Torque
PubMed: 37269339
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04990-8 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The clinical success of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) depends on many clinical and technical factors, from planning to execution, among which adhesive cementation is... (Review)
Review
The clinical success of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) depends on many clinical and technical factors, from planning to execution, among which adhesive cementation is of significant importance. This procedure carries many risk factors if not optimally executed. The objective of this study was to document the clinical parameters affecting successful cementation procedures with a focus on the adhesive strength, integrity, and esthetics of the PLVs. A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, complemented by a hand search using predefined keywords. Articles published in English between 1995 and 2023 were selected. According to this review, the success and longevity of PLVs rely in great part on the implementation of a precise cementation technique, starting from field isolation, adequate materials selection for adhesion, proper manipulation of the materials, the seating of the veneers, polymerization, and elimination of the excess cement. Several clinical steps performed before cementation, including treatment planning, preparation, impression, and adequate choice of the restorative material, could affect the quality of cementation. Scientific evidence suggests careful implementation of this process to achieve predictable outcomes with PLVs. The short- and long-term clinical success of adhesively luted PLVs is tributary to a deep understanding of the materials used and the implementation of clinical protocols. It is also contingent upon all the previous steps from case selection, treatment planning, and execution until and after the cementation.
PubMed: 37512206
DOI: 10.3390/ma16144932 -
Influence of inorganic nanoparticles on dental materials' mechanical properties. A narrative review.BMC Oral Health Nov 2023Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating... (Review)
Review
Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating nanoparticles in dental materials in different specialties could have a positive effect on reinforcing the mechanical properties of those materials; however, there was no consensus on the effectiveness of using nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical properties of dental materials, due to the variety of the properties of nanoparticles itself and their effect on the mechanical properties. This article attempted to analytically review all the studies that assessed the effect of different types of inorganic nanoparticles on the most commonly used dental materials in dental specialties such as polymethyl methacrylate, glass ionomer cement, resin composite, resin adhesive, orthodontic adhesive, and endodontic sealer. The results had shown that those inorganic nanoparticles demonstrated positive potential in improving those mechanical properties in most of the dental materials studied. That potential was attributed to the ultra-small sizes and unique physical and chemical qualities that those inorganic nanoparticles possess, together with the significant surface area to volume ratio. It was concluded from this comprehensive analysis that while a definitive recommendation cannot be provided due to the variety of nanoparticle types, shapes, and incorporated dental material, the consensus suggests using nanoparticles in low concentrations less than 1% by weight along with a silane coupling agent to minimize agglomeration issues and benefit from their properties.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Composite Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Nanoparticles; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Stress, Mechanical; Dental Materials
PubMed: 37990196
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03652-1 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Oct 2023Injectable and self-setting calcium phosphate cement scaffold (CPC) capable of encapsulating and delivering stem cells and bioactive agents would be highly beneficial...
OBJECTIVES
Injectable and self-setting calcium phosphate cement scaffold (CPC) capable of encapsulating and delivering stem cells and bioactive agents would be highly beneficial for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel injectable CPC scaffold encapsulating human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and metformin (Met) for bone engineering; (2) test bone regeneration efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS
hPDLSCs were encapsulated in degradable alginate fibers, which were then mixed into CPC paste. Five groups were tested: (1) CPC control; (2) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0%Met); (3) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0.1% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0.1%Met); (4) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0.2% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0.2%Met); (5) CPC + hPDLSC-fibers + 0.4% Met (CPC + hPDLSCs + 0.4%Met). The injectability, mechanical properties, metformin release, and hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral were determined in vitro. A rat cranial defect model was used to evaluate new bone formation.
RESULTS
The novel construct had good injectability and physical properties. Alginate fibers degraded in 7 days and released hPDLSCs, with 5-fold increase of proliferation (p<0.05). The ALP activity and mineral synthesis of hPDLSCs were increased by Met delivery (p<0.05). Among all groups, CPC+hPDLSCs+ 0.1%Met showed the greatest cell mineralization and osteogenesis, which were 1.5-10 folds those without Met (p<0.05). Compared to CPC control, CPC+hPDLSCs+ 0.1%Met enhanced bone regeneration in rats by 9 folds, and increased vascularization by 3 folds (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The novel injectable construct with hPDLSC and Met encapsulation demonstrated excellent efficacy for bone regeneration and vascularization in vivo in an animal model. CPC+hPDLSCs+ 0.1%Met is highly promising for dental and craniofacial applications.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Animals; Osteogenesis; Tissue Scaffolds; Periodontal Ligament; Metformin; Bone Regeneration; Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Calcium Phosphates; Alginates; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 37574338
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.008