-
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Aug 2023This study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant gene expression of resin cements on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF).
AIM
This study evaluated cytotoxicity and antioxidant gene expression of resin cements on human gingival fibroblasts (hGF).
MATERIALS AND METHOD
RelyX Ultimate™(RXU), Variolink™II(VLII), and RelyXU200™(RXU200) resin cements were incubated with culture medium for 24 h to obtain eluates. Then, the eluates were applied over hGF to assess cell viability at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h and antioxidant gene expression at 24 h. hGF cultures non-exposed to the eluates were used as Control. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α≤0.05).
RESULTS
RXU and RXU200 reduced the number of viable cells in 24 h. Longer exposure to cement extracts caused cell death. Gene expression showed peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) induction by all resin cement types, and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) induction by RXU200 and VLII. Moreover, RXU200 induced not only PRDX1 and SOD1, but also glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione synthetase (GSS).
CONCLUSIONS
All resin cements showed toxicity, and induced antioxidant genes in hGF. Antioxidant gene induction is at least partly associated with cytotoxicity of tested cements to oxidative stress experience.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Antioxidants; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Materials Testing; Dental Cements
PubMed: 37776509
DOI: 10.54589/aol.36/2/ -
Journal of Endodontics Mar 2024A number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the...
INTRODUCTION
A number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the sealer properties and will affect the quality and outcome of root canal treatment. This study aimed to assess the physical and chemical properties of 3 hydraulic cement-based sealers, namely BC Universal sealer compared with Totalfill BC sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic.
METHODS
The microstructure and composition of the sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy after setting. The crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis and the leachates were tested using inductively coupled plasma. All testing was performed at 0, 7, and 28 days. The physical properties of film thickness, flow, radiopacity, and solubility were evaluated using ISO 6876:2012 standards.
RESULTS
All 3 sealers contained calcium, zirconium, and silicon. Totalfill BC had the highest calcium release at 7 and 28 days followed by AH Plus Bioceramic and BC Universal sealer. All 3 sealers adhered to the ISO standard in terms of flow and radiopacity. BC Universal sealer was slightly over the range (>50 μm) for film thickness. All sealers exceeded the solubility range set by ISO 6876:2012.
CONCLUSION
Although these hydraulic cement sealers had similar components and delivery, the properties varied significantly. The testing of material properties to confirm the suitability for clinical use is necessary.
Topics: Root Canal Filling Materials; Epoxy Resins; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Syringes; Materials Testing; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Silicates
PubMed: 38219956
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.001 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2023The introduction of hydraulic cement sealers has increased the popularity of single cone obturation where the chemistry and properties of hydraulic cement sealers are... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The introduction of hydraulic cement sealers has increased the popularity of single cone obturation where the chemistry and properties of hydraulic cement sealers are crucial. This article has investigated the materials present on the market by reviewing the chemistry aiming at understanding whether these materials are optimized or have been tested appropriately.
METHODOLOGY
A market search on materials called bioceramic and hydraulic sealers was undertaken. The safety data sheet and manufacturer details for every material were searched and the components were checked. The literature was searched for information about the properties of these materials based on their composition.
RESULTS
The safety data sheets and manufacturer details were imprecise with some manufacturers providing little detail on composition. From the publications reviewed, it is apparent that the materials used clinically are not optimized, and there is little evidence that the material chemistry and presentation aid the clinical technique in any way.
CONCLUSIONS
There has been a rapid increase in materials identifying as bioceramics on the market. These materials have diverse chemistries, and some of the constituents are not declared. This may affect the clinical performance of these materials.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Smart materials developed on the clinical need which are appropriately tested are necessary for a paradigm shift in root canal obturation. It is important to use reputable materials that have been adequately researched in clinical practice.
Topics: Root Canal Filling Materials; Epoxy Resins; Gutta-Percha; Dental Pulp Cavity; Materials Testing; Calcium Compounds; Silicates; Root Canal Obturation
PubMed: 37460901
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05140-w -
Dental Materials Journal Sep 2023The purpose of the study was the investigation of the polymerization of a preheated composite resin beneath lithium disilicate. First, lithium disilicate discs in two...
The purpose of the study was the investigation of the polymerization of a preheated composite resin beneath lithium disilicate. First, lithium disilicate discs in two shades (HT A2 and HT A4) and three different thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 mm) were bonded on dentine with preheated composite resin that was photo-polymerized for 20 s. The composite resin microhardness, the double bond conversion (DC) and their correlation were estimated. Second, standardized occlusal veneers of two shades and two different thicknesses (4 and 6 mm) were bonded with preheated composite resin and photopolymerized for 60 or 270 s. A microhardness line profiling was performed on the cross-section of each specimen and the correspondence DC was calculated. Shade and thickness of lithium disilicate were found to have a significant impact on micro-hardness and DC of the composite resin. Beneath standardized occlusal veneers DC can reach clinically acceptable level if photopolymerization duration is extended properly.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Veneers; Materials Testing; Dental Porcelain; Resin Cements; Ceramics
PubMed: 37661372
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-057 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Oct 2023To compare the failure rates and the prevalence of technical complications between full-coverage tooth-supported monolithic zirconia (MZ) and porcelain-veneered zirconia... (Review)
Review
Clinical outcomes of tooth-supported monolithic zirconia vs. porcelain-veneered zirconia fixed dental prosthesis, with an additional focus on the cement type: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE
To compare the failure rates and the prevalence of technical complications between full-coverage tooth-supported monolithic zirconia (MZ) and porcelain-veneered zirconia (PVZ) fixed dental prosthesis, based on a systematic literature review.
METHODS
An electronic search was performed in three databases, supplemented by hand searching. Several statistical methods were used.
RESULTS
Seventy-four publications reported 6370 restorations (4264 PVZ; 2106 MZ; 8200 abutment teeth; 3549 patients), followed up until 152 months. A total of 216 prostheses failed, and survival was statistically significant different between groups. PVZ had higher occurrence of complications than MZ; the difference was especially greater for either minor or major chipping. The difference in prevalence of either minor or major chipping was statistically significant for PVZ prostheses between cementation with glass ionomer and adhesive resin cement (higher), adhesive resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC, higher), and between RMGIC (higher) and glass ionomer cement. For MZ the difference was significant only for minor chipping between RMGIC (higher) and adhesive resin cement. Abutment teeth to PVZ prostheses more often lost vitality. Decementation was not observed with RMGIC. Air abrasion did not seem to clinically decrease the decementation risk. The 5-year difference in the occurrence of minor or major chipping between MZ and PVZ prostheses was statistically significant, but nor for catastrophic fracture.
CONCLUSION
Tooth-supported PVZ prostheses present higher failure and complication rates than MZ prosthesis. The difference in complications is striking when it comes to chipping.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Awareness of the outcome differences between different types of zirconia prostheses is important for clinical practice.
PubMed: 37626273
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05219-4 -
Cureus Jul 2023Background and objective Cement-retained prostheses have replaced screw-retained prostheses as the preferred restoration in recent years in order to overcome the...
Background and objective Cement-retained prostheses have replaced screw-retained prostheses as the preferred restoration in recent years in order to overcome the latter's limitations. In this study, four different luting cements were compared to evaluate their efficacy on the retention of cement-based metal crowns to implant abutments. Materials and methods In the right and left first molar regions, four implant analogs (Internal Hex, Adin Dental Implant Systems Ltd., Tel-Aviv, Israel) were screwed into epoxy resin casts (Araldite CY 230-1 IN, India) that were positioned perpendicular to the cast's plane. Four metal copings were created and cemented. Group A: polycarboxylate cement (DUR) (DurelonTM, 3M Espe, St. Paul, MN); Group B: PANAVIA™ F 2.0 dual-cure resin cement (Kuraray America, Inc., New York, NY); Group C: resin-modified glass ionomer (3M™ RelyX™ Luting, 3M Espe); and Group D: non-eugenol temporary resin cement (Kerr-Temp, KaVo Kerr, Brea, CA) were used to cement crowns. To check the retention capacity, samples were put through a pull-out test on an Instron universal testing machine (TSI‑Tecsol, Bengaluru, India) with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Each coping's de-cementing load was noted, and average values for every sample were computed and statistically analyzed. Results The findings demonstrated that non-eugenol temporary resin implant cement has the lowest retention value at 138.256 N, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement at 342.063 N, polycarboxylate luting cement at 531.362 N, and resin cement at 674.065 N. The average difference in retentive strength across all four groups was statistically very significant (p=0.001). Conclusion Based on our findings, non-eugenol temporary resin implant cement enables simple retrievability of the prosthesis in the event of a future failure and is appropriate for implant restorations with cement retention. Also, cements made of polycarboxylate and resin have the highest retention values.
PubMed: 37575823
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41691 -
Dentistry Journal Sep 2023Dental cements are in a constant state of evolution, adapting to better align with the intricacies of tooth structure and the dynamic movements within the oral cavity.... (Review)
Review
Dental cements are in a constant state of evolution, adapting to better align with the intricacies of tooth structure and the dynamic movements within the oral cavity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement-an innovative variant of modified glass ionomer cements-in terms of its ability to withstand compressive forces and prevent microleakage during dental caries reconstruction. An extensive search was conducted across various databases, encompassing PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, prominent journals, unpublished studies, conference proceedings, and cross-referenced sources. The selected studies underwent meticulous scrutiny according to predetermined criteria, followed by the assessment of quality and the determination of evidence levels. In total, 16 studies were incorporated into this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). The findings suggest that both compomer and giomer cements exhibit greater compressive strength and reduced microleakage values than zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement. In contrast, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) demonstrate less favorable performance in these regards when compared with zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement.
PubMed: 37754331
DOI: 10.3390/dj11090211 -
Materials Today. Proceedings Sep 2023Studies have reported challenges of debonding of dental zirconia crowns to from luting cement and prepared teeth. The aim of the study was to explore the application of...
Studies have reported challenges of debonding of dental zirconia crowns to from luting cement and prepared teeth. The aim of the study was to explore the application of dental glazing systems for enhancing the bonding of zirconia dental ceramics to luting resin cement. Commercial glaze powder and liquid (Vita Akzent) and experimental mica-based glaze powders were used for the study. X-ray diffraction analysis of the glaze powders (XRD) and Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR) was done on the glaze liquid. Sandblasted sintered dental zirconia (Katana, Noritake) were the control samples. Glazed zirconia samples were coated with commercial glaze and experimental glaze powders which were further etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid. Shear bond strengths of sandblasted and glazed zirconia samples to resin composites were evaluated. XRD of commercial and experimental glaze powders revealed a broad peak confirming the amorphous nature of glass and FTIR analysis of the glaze liquid revealed symmetrical stretching (CH-CH) of the alcohol group indicating a mixture of -butane and ethanol. Glazed and etched zirconia showed significantly higher shear bond strength to resin cement compared to sand-blasted zirconia. The study confirms the glassy nature of dental glaze powders and the presence of ethanol-based mixtures in the commercial glaze liquid. Glazing systems have the potential to be explored for enhancing the bonding of non-etchable zirconia ceramics to resin cement and tooth substrates.
PubMed: 38590583
DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.308 -
Dental Materials Journal Nov 2023In this study, fine powders of tristrontium aluminate (SA) and distrontium cerate (SCe) cement were prepared using a dry grinding process, and their mechanical and ion...
In this study, fine powders of tristrontium aluminate (SA) and distrontium cerate (SCe) cement were prepared using a dry grinding process, and their mechanical and ion dissolution properties were estimated. Fine cements showed the particles about 10 μm in diameter or smaller with sharp particle size distribution curves. The setting reaction of the fine cements was rapid; therefore, a 0.1% w/v of citric acid solution was used as the retarder. The compressive strengths of the fine cements were improved compared to those of the coarse cements at both 1 and 28 days after mixing at a water/powder ratio (W/P) of 0.4. The dissolution of Sr and Al ions from fine SA cement was enhanced. However, the relative flowability decreases with fine grinding. Further studies on flowability, handling property are required. Additionally, the biological effects of endodontic cement should be studied both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Strontium; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Water; Bone Cements; Compressive Strength; Powders; Materials Testing
PubMed: 37821365
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-144 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The objective of this study was to evaluate the resin-ceramic adhesion of a long-carbon-chain silane (LCSI)-containing resin cement.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to evaluate the resin-ceramic adhesion of a long-carbon-chain silane (LCSI)-containing resin cement.
METHODS
Polished lithium disilicate ceramic discs were etched with hydrofluoric acid and randomly assigned into four groups; (PSAP), cemented using a silane-free resin cement with no prior priming; (PSAP-S), primed using a silane-containing primer before cementation using a silane-free resin cement; (PSAU), cemented using a LCSI-containing resin cement with no prior priming; (PSAU-S), primed as for the group (PSAP-S) and cemented using a LCSI-containing resin cement. The cemented blocks were sectioned into microbeams. The resin-ceramic microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured at 1 week and after thermocycling. The failure modes of the tested microbeams were evaluated.
RESULTS
The μTBS of the LCSI-containing and silane-free resin cements, either with or without a prior priming step, did not significantly differ. The adhesion of the LCSI-containing resin cement to lithium disilicate ceramic, either with or without a prior priming step, did not significantly deteriorate after artificial aging.
CONCLUSIONS
The long-carbon-chain silane (LCSI) monomer incorporated in the resin cement eliminated the need for a silane priming step of a hydrofluoric acid-etched lithium disilicate ceramic.
PubMed: 38203993
DOI: 10.3390/ma17010137