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BioMed Research International 2024This research study investigated the effect of new decontamination protocols on the bonding capacity of saliva-contaminated monolithic zirconia (MZ) ceramics cemented...
OBJECTIVE
This research study investigated the effect of new decontamination protocols on the bonding capacity of saliva-contaminated monolithic zirconia (MZ) ceramics cemented with two different monomer-containing self-adhesive resin cements.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Standardized tooth preparations (4 mm. axial height) were performed for eighty human maxillary premolars under constant water cooling system. Eighty monolithic zirconia crowns (Whitepeaks Supreme Monolith) ( = 8/10 groups) were manufactured by CAD-CAM. Specimens were kept in the artificial saliva at pH = 7.3 for 1 minute at 37°C except control groups. The specimens have not been prealumina blasted and grouped according to cleaning methods and resin cements: control groups (C) (no saliva contamination + GPDM + 4-META (N) (CN) and 10-MDP (M) containing resin cement (CM), alumina blasted (AL) + GPDM + 4-META (ALN) and 10-MDP containing resin cement (ALM), zirconium oxide containing universal cleaning agent (IC) applied + GPDM + 4-META (N) (ICN) and 10-MDP containing resin cement (ICM), pumice (P) applied + GPDM + 4-META (PN) and 10-MDP containing resin cement (PM), and air-water spray (AW) applied + GPDM + 4-META (AWN) and 10-MDP containing resin cement (AWM)). Monobond Plus was applied to all surfaces for 40 seconds before cementation. The thermal cycle was applied at 5,000 cycles after cementation. The crowns were tested in tensile mode at a speed of 1 mm/min. The mode of failure was recorded. SEM examinations were carried out at different magnifications. Data were analyzed using rank-based Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
RESULTS
No significant differences were found between the surface treatments and between the two types of resin cements. Interaction effects between surface treatments and resin cements were found to be significant by two-way ANOVA analysis. ICM group resulted in significantly better bond strength results compared with CN. ICM was found to result in better bond strength results compared with PM. The combination of universal cleaning agent and 10-MDP containing resin cement had significantly the highest cementation bond strength values. The increasing order of mean tensile bond strength values of decontamination protocols was C < AW < P < AL < IC. The mean tensile bond strength of 10-MDP containing resin cement was slightly higher than GPDM + 4-META containing resin cement.
CONCLUSIONS
Universal cleaning agents can be preferred as an efficient cleaning method with 10-MDP-containing cement after saliva contamination for better adhesive bond strength of 4 mm crown preparation height of monolithic zirconia ceramics.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Saliva; Decontamination; Materials Testing; Zirconium; Ceramics; Water; Shear Strength; Dental Bonding; Surface Properties; Dental Stress Analysis; Methacrylates
PubMed: 38606199
DOI: 10.1155/2024/6670159 -
BMC Oral Health Nov 2023This study aimed to investigate different surface treatments thought to increase the bond strength between zirconia ceramic and adhesive resin cement.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to investigate different surface treatments thought to increase the bond strength between zirconia ceramic and adhesive resin cement.
METHODS
The samples were prepared in 15 × 10 × 2 mm dimensions by cutting off monolithic zirconia ceramic blocks (Incoris TZI; Sirona, Germany). Surface roughness measurements were made with a profilometer, the average surface roughness (Ra1) was recorded, and five different surface treatments were applied. Group 1: Control group. No surface treatment was applied. Group 2: Sandblasted with AlO under pressure of 50 μm. Group 3: Sandblasted with 30 μm AlO - SiOx under pressure, then tribochemical silica coating, silane bonding agent, and ceramic primer were applied. Group 4: Samples were etched in a hot acid solution containing methanol, HCl, and chloride at 100 °C. Group 5: Samples were coated in a solution containing Grade C Aluminum Nitrite at 75 °C for 15 Sects. 12,000 thermal aging was carried out to all samples. Then, samples were bonded to a composite surface (Filtek Z250) with two different types of adhesive cement (Panavia F 2.0, Rely X U200) (n = 10). A load was applied to the samples attached to the Universal Test Device for the SBS, and the SBS was recorded. The surface roughness measurements of all samples were made again, and the average surface roughness Ra2 was recorded. The data was analyzed with a two-way ANOVA test. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons of the groups. p = 0.005 was accepted as the statistically significant value.
RESULTS
There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the Ra1 measurements (p = 0.031). There was a statistically significant difference between the Ra2 values of Groups 4 and 5 and the Ra2 values of Groups 1,2 and 3 in the Ra2 measurements (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the SBS values of the groups (p > 0.005). Also, there was no statistically significant difference in the SBS values of all groups for the two different cements tested (p > 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
None of the surface treatments applied to monolithic zirconia ceramic samples increased the SBS between ceramic and adhesive resin cement.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Shear Strength; Ceramics; Surface Properties; Materials Testing; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 37957657
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03630-7 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Dec 2023The liquid extract method is commonly used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of materials. Although ISO has recommended guidelines for test methods,...
The liquid extract method is commonly used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of materials. Although ISO has recommended guidelines for test methods, variations in elution period, and shape of samples can influence the biological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of material form and elution period of Biodentine on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)' proliferation and mineralization. Biodentine (0.2 g) discs or powder were immersed in culture media (10 mL) for 1, 3 or 7 days (D1, D3 and D7). The eluents were filtered and used to treat DPSC. The calcium release profile and pH were determined. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS for 3 days, and mineralization and differentiation were assessed by alizarin red S staining (Cang of DNA) and qRT-PCR (MEPE, DSPP, DMP-1, RUNX2, COL-I and OCN) for 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed with a one or two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (pH, calcium release and proliferation) or Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). pH and calcium ion release of powdered eluents were significantly higher than disc eluents. Powdered eluent promoted extensive cell death, while the disc form was cytocompatible. All disc eluents significantly increased the gene expression and mineralization after 14 days compared to the untreated control. D7 induced less mineralization and differentiation compared to D1 and D3. Thus, the materials' form and elution time are critical aspects to be considered when evaluating the bioactivity of materials, since this binomial can affect positively and negatively the biological outcomes.
PubMed: 38276474
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010001 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2023This study evaluated the effect of toothbrushing on enamel-cementing material-ceramic bonded interfaces, using different cementing materials.
UNLABELLED
This study evaluated the effect of toothbrushing on enamel-cementing material-ceramic bonded interfaces, using different cementing materials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty enamel and thirty ceramic blocks were bonded with cementing materials to produce the samples that were bonded with three types of cementing materials: 1- RelyX Ultimate resin cement (REXU), 2- RelyX Unicem 2 self-adhesive resin cement (REU2) and 3- heated Z100 restorative composite (60°C). Bonded interfaces of the samples were toothbrushed and the surfaces of the 3 cementing materials were evaluated for roughness (RG, in µm), roughness profile (RP, in µm), and volume loss (VL, in µm3) (baseline and after 20,000 and 60,000 toothbrushing cycles). Data were evaluated by Generalized Linear Analysis (two factors: "material" and "toothbrushing cycle") and Bonferroni test (α=0.05).
RESULTS
REXU and Z100 exhibited lower RG than that presented by REU2, except after 60,000 toothbrushing cycles when only Z100 differed from REU2. The increase in toothbrushing cycles increased the RG and RP for all materials. REU2 also showed higher RP than those showed by REXU and Z100 when it was analyzed regarding the enamel. The VL of Z100 was the lowest with 20,000 toothbrushing cycles, regarding the enamel and ceramic. For 60,000 cycles, REXU showed the lowest VL regarding the ceramic, and REU2 had the highest VL regarding the enamel and ceramic.
CONCLUSION
In general, REXU and Z100 showed the best results regarding the evaluations performed and the REU2 exhibited the highest RG, RP, and VL.
Topics: Resin Cements; Toothbrushing; Dental Porcelain; Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Ceramics; Dental Enamel; Surface Properties; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38133474
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305459 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society Apr 2024In routine dental care, various dental luting cements are utilized to cement the dental prosthesis. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the Cytotoxic effect...
AIM
In routine dental care, various dental luting cements are utilized to cement the dental prosthesis. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the Cytotoxic effect of three different dental luting cements on human gingival mesenchymal stem cell and evaluation of cytokines and growth factors release.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Cytotoxicity of glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and resin cement (RC) on the human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (HGMSCs) was evaluated. Amongst the cements tested, least cytotoxic cement was further tested for the release of cytokines and growth factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MTT test was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the dental luting cements at 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h on HGMSCs. Cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1α & IL 8 and growth factors such as platelet derived growth factor & transforming growth factor beta release from the least cytotoxic RC was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
The mean absorbance values by MTT assay and cell viability at various time intervals between four groups were compared using a one way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post hoc test. The least cytotoxic RC group and the control group's mean levels of cytokines and growth factors were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.
RESULT
As exposure time increased, the dental luting cement examined in this study were cytotoxic. RC was the least cytotoxic, RMGIC was moderate and glass ionomer cement showed the highest cytotoxic effect. Concomitantly, a significant positive biological response of gingival mesenchymal stem cells with the release of ILs when exposed to the RC was observed.
CONCLUSION
For a fixed dental prosthesis to be clinically successful over the long term, it is imperative that the biocompatibility of the luting cement be taken into account in order to maintain a healthy periodontium surrounding the restoration.
Topics: Humans; Gingiva; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Cytokines; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Dental Cements; In Vitro Techniques; Glass Ionomer Cements; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38650340
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_260_23 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... 2023The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, glass ionomer cement, and glass ionomer...
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, glass ionomer cement, and glass ionomer cement modified with Chicken Eggshell Powder when used as furcation perforation repair material.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the present study, 80 human lower first molars were used. Collected teeth had no caries or restoration, and none had fused roots. Every molar had an endodontic access cavity made utilizing a high-speed, long-shank round bur for the initial entry and an Endo-Z for lateral extension and finishing the cavity walls. Each canal's orifice was covered with a temporary filling material. The pulpal floor and cavity walls of every molar were thoroughly coated with two successive coats of clear nail polish. A significant perforation was made between the orifices to the furcation area using a high-speed long shank round bur #4. The perforation centered between the mesial and distal orifice. They were divided into four experimental groups: Group I: 20 molars were repaired using MTA, Group II: 20 molars with Biodentine, Group III: 20 molars were repaired with glass ionomer cement, and Group IV was repaired using glass ionomer cement modified with 7% chicken eggshell powder. Moist cotton pellets were placed over the repair materials, and molars were kept in 100% humidity for 24 h to allow materials to set. Then, according to each group, molars were put in Petri dishes. Methylene blue dye was applied inside the access cavity of all samples for 24 h. Molars were placed under running tap water for 30 min to remove all residues of methylene blue, and then varnish was removed with a Parker blade #15 and polishing discs. Molars were placed in vials containing 1 mL of concentrated (65 wt%) nitric acid for 3 days. Vials were centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant from each sample was transferred in a quantity of 200 L to a 96-well plate. Sample absorbance was read by an automatic microplate spectrophotometer at 550 nm using concentrated nitric acid as a blank. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance. When the analysis of variance test was significant, the pairwise comparison of the means was done using a Duncan test. The significance level was set at < 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA).
RESULTS
The highest dye absorbance was seen in Group III, followed by Groups IV, II, and I.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of study it was concluded that maximum sealing ability was seen in Biodentine followed by MTA, Glass Ionomer Cement modified with 7% Chicken Eggshell powder and Glass Ionomer Cement.
PubMed: 38292734
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_193_23 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Sep 2023Fiber posts are widely used in endodontically treated teeth with extensive loss of coronal structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate immediate and the...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Fiber posts are widely used in endodontically treated teeth with extensive loss of coronal structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate immediate and the long-term effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) application, on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sixty mandibular premolars were decoronated, and root canal treatment was performed. After post space preparation, the specimens were divided into three groups according to the post space-surface pretreatment (n = 20); no surface treatment (control group-Group 1), 2% CHX application (Group 2), and 1% BAC application (Group 3). A self-curing adhesive cement and an etch and rinse adhesive were used for the cementation of posts. Three sections (one cervical, one middle, and one apical) of 1 mm thickness were prepared from each specimen. A push-out test was performed immediately on the half of the specimen sections (n = 10). The other half of the specimen sections were subjected to 20.000 thermal cycles before applying the push-out test (n = 10). The failure mode of each specimen was observed under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification.
RESULTS
The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey Honestly significant difference (HSD), and Tamhane tests (P = 0.05). The cervical thirds displayed the highest, and the apical thirds showed the lowest values in all groups (P < 0.05), except the control-aged group (P = 0.554). The aged control groups' values were found to be significantly lower than the aged CHX and BAC groups (P < 0.001). Aging significantly reduced the bond strength values of specimens in control groups (P < 0.001). However, aging did not significantly affect the push-out bond strength values of CHX and BAC groups (P > 0.050). The failure types were adhesive between the post and cement (type 1) in all groups, except control-aged group (type 2).
CONCLUSION
The application of 2% chlorhexidine or 1% BAC may be an essential step that can be taken to preserve the bond strength of fiber posts.
Topics: Humans; Chlorhexidine; Benzalkonium Compounds; Post and Core Technique; Materials Testing; Root Canal Therapy; Resin Cements; Dental Bonding; Dentin; Glass
PubMed: 37794535
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_434_22 -
Journal of Dentistry Nov 2023This umbrella review comprehensively appraised the evidence on the use of compomers in comparison to other dental filling materials for restorative treatment of decayed... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This umbrella review comprehensively appraised the evidence on the use of compomers in comparison to other dental filling materials for restorative treatment of decayed primary teeth.
DATA
The literature search was conducted based on the question: "Is the use of compomers as a dental filling material more successful in the restorative treatment of decayed primary teeth than other dental filling materials?" No language restriction was applied and systematic reviews published up to May 2023 were included. The ROBIS tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. Data were extracted for narrative synthesis, considering the restoration failure/success outcomes.
SEARCH
Online search was conducted in three databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane library).
STUDY SELECTION
The electronic search yielded a total of 779 publications. Finally, 18 systematic reviews were included in this umbrella review. Four systematic reviews presented a low risk of bias, 11 presented an unclear risk of bias and three presented a high risk of bias. Most systematic reviews presenting low risk of bias reported no difference in the success rates of compomers compared to other dental filling materials used for restoration of decayed primary teeth. Studies that found a significant difference or that made clear recommendations towards the use of compomers were commonly rated with a high risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
Compomers are similar to other dental filling materials for the placement of direct restorations in primary teeth.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The results of this umbrella review indicate a similar clinical performance of compomers compared to other materials containing a resin component for direct restoration in primary teeth. Therefore, the choice of restorative material will depend on multiple factors, such as clinician's skills/preferences, patients' wishes, costs, and cavity type/location.
Topics: Humans; Compomers; Dental Caries; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Glass Ionomer Cements; Tooth, Deciduous; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37714452
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104696 -
Journal of the American Dental... Oct 2023Evidence-based noninvasive caries therapies for initial caries lesions are available in the United States. Fundamental differences between noninvasive therapies and the...
BACKGROUND
Evidence-based noninvasive caries therapies for initial caries lesions are available in the United States. Fundamental differences between noninvasive therapies and the traditional surgical dental approach warrant a study of the financial scalability.
METHODS
The financial costs and benefits of fee-for-service clinics and payors were compared across 11 scenarios simulating the treatment of 1,000 initial caries lesions during a 3-year period. The scenarios included varying combinations of noninvasive therapies (that is, silver diamine fluoride, self-assembling peptide P-4, and glass ionomer therapeutic sealants), no treatment, and various rates of 1- through 3-surface restorations to an estimated 2022 practice model. We used a decision tree microsimulation model for deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We derived assumptions from an initial lesion and noninvasive therapy-focused cohort study with operations data from 16 sites accepting Medicaid in Alabama as a case study and clinical data from all 92 sites.
RESULTS
In comparison with the 2022 practice model assumed for this study, scenarios that produce mutually beneficial results for payors' savings and clinics' net profits and profit margins include self-assembling peptide P-4, silver diamine fluoride on nonesthetic surfaces, and a mix of 3 noninvasive therapies. When considering the limited resources of chair and clinician time, the same scenarios, as well as silver diamine fluoride with restorations, emerged with substantially higher clinic net profit.
CONCLUSIONS
Hypothetical scenarios that include noninvasive therapies and minimize restorations achieve improved outcomes for all parties.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Payors and clinicians should explore and implement noninvasive caries therapies to improve oral health for all. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT04933331.
Topics: Humans; Cohort Studies; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Caries; Fluorides, Topical
PubMed: 37770132
DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.07.007 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... May 2024When the natural process of bone remodeling is disturbed, the need arises for a stimulant material in order to enhance the formation of a new healthy and strong osseous... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
When the natural process of bone remodeling is disturbed, the need arises for a stimulant material in order to enhance the formation of a new healthy and strong osseous tissue to replace the damaged one. Recent studies have reported synthetic biomaterials to be a very good option for supporting bone regeneration.
STUDY DESIGN
Narrative review.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to provide a brief presentation of two of the most recently developed synthetic biomaterials, i.e. calcium phosphate cements and synthetic composites, that are currently being used in bone regeneration with promising results.
METHODS
Literature searches using broad terms such as "bone regeneration," "biomaterials," "synthetic composites" and "calcium phosphate cements" were performed using PubMed. The osteal cells state of the art was explored by searching topic-specific full text keywords using Google Scholar.
CONCLUSIONS
Synthetic polymers such as PCL (poly-ε-caprolactone) and PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) can improve the effectiveness of biomaterials like HA (hydroxyapatite) and BG (bioglass). Calcium phosphate, although being a suitable material for stimulating bone regeneration, needs an adjuvant in order to be effective in larger bone defects.
PubMed: 38754741
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152273