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Swiss Dental Journal Sep 2023This study evaluated the brushing efficacy of different interdental brushes around a multibracket appliance in vitro. In four models displaying misaligned and aligned...
This study evaluated the brushing efficacy of different interdental brushes around a multibracket appliance in vitro. In four models displaying misaligned and aligned teeth with and without attachment loss, the brushing capacities of three interdental brushes (IDB) were tested: A waist-shaped IDB with a diameter of 9 mm at both ends and 5 mm in the middle (B1), a cylindrical brush with a diameter of 9 mm (B2) and one with 5 mm (B3). Before cleaning, the black teeth in the respective models were stained white with titanium (IV) oxide and the percentage of cleaned surface was planimetrically assessed. In addition, the forces applied to the IDB were also recorded. The effect of brush and model on expected cleaning performance was examined using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The cleaning performance of the brushes in decreasing order was B2>B3>B1; no significant differences between the different tooth areas and models were found. With regard to force measurements, significant differences were found with the highest and lowest forces IDB (2) and (1), respectively. There was a significant correlation between force and cleaning performance: The higher the force needed the higher was the cleaning performance. In summary, this study showed that cylindrical interdental brushes achieved a better cleaning performance than the waist-shaped IDB. Given some shortcomings of this first laboratory study, more research is still needed, but IDB may represent a valuable yet still clinically underused tools.
Topics: Humans; Orthodontic Brackets; Dental Plaque; Toothbrushing; Tooth; Records; Dental Devices, Home Care
PubMed: 37096739
DOI: 10.61872/sdj-2023-09-01 -
European Journal of Dentistry Feb 2024To investigate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) energy, applied through a power toothbrush, on the structural morphology of dental plaque and its bacteria...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) energy, applied through a power toothbrush, on the structural morphology of dental plaque and its bacteria components. Previous studies showed that a toothbrush powered by RF (ToothWave) effectively reduces extrinsic tooth stains, plaque, and calculus. However, the mechanism by which it reduces dental plaque deposits is not fully established.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Multispecies plaques at sampling time points of 24, 48, and 72 hours were treated with the application of RF using ToothWave with the toothbrush bristles 1 mm above the plaque surface. Groups that underwent the same protocol but without RF treatment served as paired controls. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to determine cell viability at each time point. Plaque morphology and bacteria ultrastructure were viewed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-tests.
RESULTS
At each time, RF treatment significantly ( < 0.05) reduced the viable cells in plaque and caused a substantial disruption of plaque morphology, while the untreated plaque had intact morphology. Cells in treated plaques showed disrupted cell walls, cytoplasmic material, huge vacuoles, and heterogeneity in electron density, while these organelles remained intact in untreated plaques.
CONCLUSION
The application of RF via a power toothbrush can disrupt plaque morphology and kill bacteria. These effects were enhanced by the combined application of RF and toothpaste.
PubMed: 37172943
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764427 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024Silver(I)-diammine fluoride (SDF) and silver(I)-fluoride (SF) complexes have been successfully employed for the arrest of dental caries for many years. However, to date...
Explorations of the chemical constitution and aqueous solution status of caries-arresting silver(I)-diammine fluoride and silver(I)-fluoride products using high-resolution F NMR analysis. Spectroscopic and SEM investigations of their interactions with human saliva: evidence for the...
INTRODUCTION
Silver(I)-diammine fluoride (SDF) and silver(I)-fluoride (SF) complexes have been successfully employed for the arrest of dental caries for many years. However, to date there are very few studies available reporting on the molecular structural compositional and solution status of these agents [typically applied as highly-concentrated 38% (w/v) solutions]. Here, we explored the solution status and chemical constitution of commercially-available SDF and SF products, and secondly investigated the multicomponent interplay of these products with biomolecules present in intact human whole-mouth salivary supernatants (WMSSs) .
METHODS
High-resolution F NMR analysis was employed to explore SDF and SF product solutions, and to determine WMSS fluoride (F) concentrations, whereas ammonia (NH) release form SDF was tracked by H NMR spectroscopy. SEM and thin-film FTIR-ATR analyses were employed to explore the atomic and molecular compositions of sequentially-generated AgCl deposits and chromophoric Ag/AgCl nanoparticles (CSNPs); the time-dependent generation of the latter was followed spectrophotometrically.
RESULTS
F NMR spectra of aqueous SF solutions contained a very broad F signal (Δv 70 Hz), demonstrating that much of its solvated F content was rapidly exchanging with Ag(I) on the NMR timescale, but those of SDF had a much sharper resonance, similar to that of "free" F (4 Hz). Moreover, further NMR results revealed that a popular SDF product contained high molar excesses of both F and NH. Treatment of WMSSs with SDF and SF generated an off-white precipitate, which slowly developed into CSNPs at 23°C; SEM demonstrated high contents of both silver and chloride in this material (ca.1:1 atomic content ratio). FTIR-ATR analysis found that the CSNPs formed contained a range of salivary biomolecules, which appear to encapsulate the Ag/AgCl core (significant thiocyanate contents were also found). In conclusion, NMR results acquired demonstrated that SF, but not SDF, product solutions feature rapidly-exchanging F between its "free" and Ag(I)-bound forms, and that SDF contains large excesses of both F and its NH ligands. Characterised AgCl deposits and CSNPs were sequentially produced from the interactions of these complexes with WMSS biomolecules.
DISCUSSION
In view of their well-known microbicidal and cariostatic properties, the observed autobioconstruction of CSNPs involving salivary catalysis is of much therapeutic significance.
PubMed: 38933119
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1373885 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023Dental caries initiates with non-cavitated enamel lesions as the first stage. The cariogenic potential of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may be due to its usage frequency and...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries initiates with non-cavitated enamel lesions as the first stage. The cariogenic potential of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may be due to its usage frequency and form. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exposure time of NAC on initial enamel caries-like lesions in primary teeth by assessing the morphological alteration using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mineral content using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
METHODS
Forty primary incisor teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups S, S1, S2, and S3 (10 specimens/group). Teeth crowns were cut from their roots and inserted into an acrylic mold with its buccal surface directed upward. Centrally isolated enamel window (2 × 2 mm) on the tooth was done. Ten specimens were selected to evaluate normal enamel while the remaining thirty specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 h to produce enamel caries-like lesions. PH cycling was performed by immersing each tooth sample in 20 mL of demineralizing solution for 3 h then, preserved for the remaining day hours in 10 ml of artificial saliva interspersed with treatments applications with 10 ml NAC for 10 min twice a day for one- or three-months different treatment modalities. Thermocycling was done for all specimens then they were subjected to SEM and EDX analysis. ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were utilized in data analysis.
RESULTS
In teeth treated by NAC for 3 months (group-S3), SEM images showed severe loss of enamel architecture with large NAC deposits detected. A meaningful difference was observed among different groups concerning calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, ca/P ratio, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen contents (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
NAC had a detrimental impact on enamel caries-like lesions in human primary teeth.
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries; Acetylcysteine; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Tooth, Deciduous; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 37491222
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03224-3 -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024Intraoral scanners (IOS) display disclosed plaque, and the scientific literature has reported that plaque levels can be monitored on intraoral scans using one IOS system...
OBJECTIVES
Intraoral scanners (IOS) display disclosed plaque, and the scientific literature has reported that plaque levels can be monitored on intraoral scans using one IOS system (Dexis 3800; control IOS). This study aimed to investigate whether this is also possible with other IOS systems (i700, Primescan, Trios 5; test IOS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten participants (29.6 ± 5.5 years) were enrolled. After plaque accumulation and subsequent toothbrushing, intraoral scans were performed with the control IOS and the three test IOS. All scans were aligned and the vestibular/oral surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44) were analysed with automated planimetry using a predefined threshold value. The proportion of pixels assigned to plaque-covered areas was expressed as a percentage of the total number of pixels (P%). We then assessed whether the planimetrically determined plaque-covered areas corresponded to those identified visually. This revealed that a threshold correction (P%) was required for approximately 20 % (i700 and Trios 5) to over 65 % (Primescan) of the images.
RESULTS
Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant systematic bias and limits of agreement ranging from approximately -20 to +20 P% units, with a tendency towards lower values at higher plaque coverage. Manual correction improved the agreement and halved the limits of agreement. All test IOS could detect a reduction in plaque after brushing, as well as the typical site-dependant plaque distribution patterns.
CONCLUSIONS
All test IOS appeared to be suitable for plaque monitoring. Planimetric methods must be adapted to the colour representation of the IOS.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Plaque monitoring using IOS opens a new field of application in preventive dentistry.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Adult; Toothbrushing; Female; Male; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Young Adult; Dental Plaque Index; Photography, Dental
PubMed: 38556195
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104978 -
Journal of Pediatric Genetics Dec 2023Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) presents with varied neurological manifestations that have been reported in the literature like facial palsy, vision...
Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC) presents with varied neurological manifestations that have been reported in the literature like facial palsy, vision and hearing impairment, stroke, and headache. In this article, we reported a 12-year-old girl child patient with recurrent facial weakness with bilateral hearing impairment and multiple ulcerative lesions on lower limbs and elbows. On examination, she had lower motor neuron (LMN) facial palsy with conductive hearing loss. The investigations showed hyperphosphatemia (9.3 mg/dL) with normal serum calcium (10.4 mg/dL), alkaline phosphatase (147.9 U/L), parathyroid hormone (23.12 pg/mL), and renal function tests. Elevated serum calcium and phosphorus product (96.72 mg /mL ) and elevated renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TMPxGFR) value (9.16) were noted. Skeletal survey showed hyperostosis in the long bone diaphysis, vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bone, skull, and facial bones with narrowing of cranial ostium, characteristically without any peri-articular soft tissue calcifications. An angiogram showed multiple intravascular calcifications. She was managed with a low-phosphate diet, sevelamer, niacinamide, acetazolamide, sucroferric oxyhydroxide to lower serum phosphate level, and topical sodium thiosulfate ectopic cutaneous calcification. Exome sequencing showed novel homozygous inframe deletion of ACG in gene exon 3 at c.374_376 delins position (p. Asp125del) in the proband and a mutation in the heterozygous state in the mother and elder sibling, thus confirming a molecular diagnosis of HFTC. Our case had a unique neurological presentation of recurrent bilateral lower motor nerve facial palsy, hearing loss, multiple ectopic cutaneous calcifications without peri-articular deposits, multiple intravascular, intracranial, and vertebral endplate calcification, which has not been reported earlier. The proband showed a novel pathogenic variant suggesting an expanding phenotype of HFTC.
PubMed: 38162162
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741522 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Mar 2024This study aims to investigate the impact of a tooth-brushing guidance system on the enchancement of the dental plaque removal in preschool children. In this study, we... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
This study aims to investigate the impact of a tooth-brushing guidance system on the enchancement of the dental plaque removal in preschool children. In this study, we selected a group of 124 healthy children in which their aged were between 3 and 5 years old following by treatment at the Pediatric Dentistry Center at Jinzhou Stomatological Hospital (JinZhou, Liaoning Province, China). We then followed up to check and identify the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (TMQHPI). Study group was randomly assigned to an experimental group in which they received constantly guidance on intelligent tooth-brushing and a control group which was used by manual brushing techniques. The total numbers in each group were 62 participants that were gone under the clinical investigation for seven days. The plaque index of both groups were assessed by using a plaque display instrument and a periodontal probe for up day 28. It was shown that the experimental group had a lower average TMQHPI value (0.98 ± 0.15) in comparison with control group (1.41 ± 0.17), and this difference was statistically significant ( < 0.05). The experimental group had a significantly lower TMQHPI value (0.89 ± 0.13) on the tongue/palatal side of the anterior teeth area in comparison with control group (1.41 ± 0.17) ( < 0.05). We observed that experimental group showed significantly lower TMQHPI value (1.16 ± 0.12) on the tongue/palatal side of the posterior dental region in comparison with control group (1.70 ± 0.13) ( < 0.05). It was confirmed a significant difference in the average plaque clearance rate between the experimental and control groups ( < 0.05). Our study clearly indicates that a developed method of toothbrush guide effectively improved the removal rate of plaque compared with manual tooth-brush, specifically in hard-to-reach areas like the tongue and palate.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Humans; Cross-Over Studies; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Equipment Design; Single-Blind Method; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 38548641
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.041 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2023This study explored the changes in bacterial flora composition and total bacterial count in the saliva and tongue coating, along with the change in the tongue coating... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Changes in oral microflora following 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouth spray intervention in adult volunteers after professional oral care: Randomized clinical study.
OBJECTIVES
This study explored the changes in bacterial flora composition and total bacterial count in the saliva and tongue coating, along with the change in the tongue coating index (TCI) following an intervention with 0.3% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouth spray after professional oral care.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-two adult volunteers aged 30-60 years were equally divided into CPC spray (n = 26) and control (n = 26) groups. All subjects underwent scaling and polishing. The CPC spray group was administered four puffs of CPC spray to the tongue dorsum four times a day for 3 weeks. The control group performed only routine daily oral care (brushing) and did not use any other spray. Bacteriological evaluation of saliva and tongue coating was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The tongue coating was evaluated to calculate the TCI. A per-protocol analysis was conducted for 44 subjects (CPC spray group, n = 23; control group, n = 21).
RESULTS
At 1 and 3 weeks after CPC spray use, the flora of the saliva and tongue coating changed; the genus Haemophilus was dominant in the CPC spray group, whereas the genus Saccharibacteria was dominant in the control group. The sampling time differed among individual participants, which may have affected the bacterial counts. There was no significant intragroup change in TCI in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
CPC spray affected the bacterial flora in the saliva and tongue coating, particularly with respect to an increase in the abundance of Haemophilus. However, CPC spray did not change the TCI. These results suggest that it may be optimal to combine CPC spray with a physical cleaning method such as using a tongue brush or scraper. Clinical Trial Registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network UMIN000041140.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cetylpyridinium; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Mouthwashes; Dental Plaque; Tongue; Double-Blind Method; Volunteers
PubMed: 38041504
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.810 -
British Dental Journal Feb 2024Teeth are the hardest and most chemically stable tissues in the body, are well-preserved in archaeological remains and, being resistant to decomposition in the soil,...
Teeth are the hardest and most chemically stable tissues in the body, are well-preserved in archaeological remains and, being resistant to decomposition in the soil, survive long after their supporting structures have deteriorated. It has long been recognised that visual and radiographic examination of teeth can provide considerable information relating to the lifestyle of an individual. This paper examines the latest scientific approaches that have become available to investigate recent and ancient teeth. These techniques include DNA analysis, which can be used to determine the sex of an individual, indicate familial relationships, study population movements, provide phylogenetic information and identify the presence of disease pathogens. A stable isotopic approach can shed light on aspects of diet and mobility and even research climate change. Proteomic analysis of ancient dental calculus can reveal specific information about individual diets. Synchrotron microcomputed tomography is a non-invasive technique which can be used to visualise physiological impactful events, such as parturition, menopause and diseases in cementum microstructure - these being displayed as aberrant growth lines.
Topics: Humans; Female; Phylogeny; Proteomics; X-Ray Microtomography; Diet; Tooth; Dental Calculus
PubMed: 38332093
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7053-0 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Chlorhexidine; Streptococcus mutans; Oral Health; Dental Plaque; Saliva; Probiotics; Dental Caries; Colony Count, Microbial
PubMed: 38591271
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.24-15