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Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2023This study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of topical use of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solution and chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on dental plaque regrowth after 3... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of topical use of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solution and chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on dental plaque regrowth after 3 and 7 days in toddlers aged 24-36 months.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomized controlled trial that included 45 healthy toddlers aged 24-36 months, who were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group received a placebo (distilled water (DW)) (negative control). The second group received topical CHX gel (0.2% w/v) (positive control). The third group received topical PVP-I solution (10% w/v). Plaque accumulation was measured at the baseline (t ), after 3 days (t ) and after 7 days (t ) using the Turesky-modified Quigley-Hein plaque index (TMQHPI). Oral hygiene practices were prohibited during the trial period. The trial ID is ACTRN12623000567628.
RESULTS
In the DW group, the mean of the TMQHPI score was 1.89 ± 0.67 at t and decreased to 1.45 ± 0.66 at t (p = .028). Similarly, in the CHX group, the mean of the TMQHPI score was 1.83 ± 1.06 at t and decreased to 1.02 ± 0.99 at t (p = .033). Regarding the PVP-I group, the mean of the TMQHPI score went from 1.84 ± 0.85 to 1.01 ± 0.61 at t and then increased to 1.57 ± 0.74 at t . Those changes were statistically significant (p = .001) and (p = .002), respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted between TMQHPI scores at t (p = .789). Regarding t and t , no statistically significant difference was found between the three groups (p > .05).
CONCLUSION
CHX and PVP-I efficacy lasted only for 3 days, and PVP-I was not superior to CHX in terms of plaque control in toddlers. However, further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy of these antiplaque agents in toddlers.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Chlorhexidine; Povidone-Iodine; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Mouthwashes; Dental Plaque; Povidone
PubMed: 37345210
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.755 -
Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2023Orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more popular. However, using fixed orthodontic devices for treatment affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of corrosion,...
BACKGROUND
Orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more popular. However, using fixed orthodontic devices for treatment affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of corrosion, plaque-related illnesses, and dental discoloration-related issues. Air abrasive polishing has a superior effect over the conventional method in removing dental deposits. Using fixed orthodontic appliances affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of diseases caused by plaque, tooth discoloration, and corrosion, as well as corrosion by ions. This study evaluated the impact of air polishing on nickel ion release and corrosion from stainless steel, nickel-titanium, coated stainless steel, and coated nickel-titanium.
METHODS
A total of 288 (stainless steel, coated stainless-steel, nickel-titanium, and coated nickel-titanium rectangular archwires) of one brand were subjected to varying air abrasion polishing times (5, 10, and 20 seconds). Then, they were submerged in artificial saliva with a pH of 6.75 and incubated for 28 days at 37 °C. The release of nickel ions (Ni) was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 7, 14, and 28 days to estimate the cumulative effect. The corrosion of the test-selected samples and surface alterations was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS
Prolonged polishing significantly increased Ni release and corrosion. Archwires made of coated stainless steel exhibited the least amount of Ni release.
CONCLUSION
The air polishing process increased the Ni release at a subtoxic level and could be used on adult patients with long gaps between visits with a polishing period of 5 seconds.
PubMed: 38584995
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.40536 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023DNA analysis-based identification is by far the gold standard in forensic genetics and it should be performed in every case involving human remains or unidentified...
DNA analysis-based identification is by far the gold standard in forensic genetics and it should be performed in every case involving human remains or unidentified bodies. Bones and teeth are the preferred source of human DNA for genetic analysis. However, there are cases where the nature of the proceedings and historical significance prevent the disruption of skeletal structure. The remains may also be heavily degraded. In such situations, forensic geneticists seek alternative sources of human DNA. Teeth calculus has proven to be a viable source of DNA for identification purposes. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of human DNA in teeth calculus and evaluate the usefulness of teeth calculus as a DNA source in the identification process. Teeth calculus was collected from skeletons exhumed between 2021 and 2022 by the PBGOT (Polish Genetic Database of Victims of Totalitarianism) team from the former Stalag IID prisoner-of-war camp in Stargard. Genetic analyses included the determination of autosomal and Y-STR markers. The total concentration of human DNA was also evaluated in samples from teeth calculus and teeth taken from the same individuals. The pilot study included 22 skeletons with a sufficient amount of calculus for isolation (specified in the protocol). Samples were taken from the largest areas of calculus deposited on lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors. The prepared samples underwent DNA extraction. Our study demonstrated that teeth calculus is a source of human DNA for remains from the World War II period. The obtained DNA concentration allowed for the determination of STR markers. It was shown that teeth calculus contains human DNA in an amount suitable for preliminary identification analyses.
Topics: Humans; Dental Calculus; Pilot Projects; DNA Fingerprinting; Microsatellite Repeats; DNA; Incisor
PubMed: 38066060
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48761-7 -
Effect of argon plasma abutment activation on soft tissue healing: RCT with histological assessment.Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related... Feb 2024To assess the peri-implant soft tissue profiles between argon plasma treatment (PT) and non-treated (NPT) healing abutments by comparing clinical and histological... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To assess the peri-implant soft tissue profiles between argon plasma treatment (PT) and non-treated (NPT) healing abutments by comparing clinical and histological parameters 2 months following abutment placement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty participants were randomly assigned to argon-plasma treatment abutments group (PT) or non-treated abutments (NPT) group. Two months after healing abutment placement, soft peri-implant tissues and abutment were harvested, and histological and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing, and keratinized mucosa diameter (KM) were assessed. Specialized stainings (hematoxylin-eosin and picrocirious red) coupled with immunohistochemistry (vimentin, collagen, and CK10) were performed to assess soft tissue inflammation and healing, and the collagen content keratinization. In addition to standard statistical methods, machine learning algorithms were applied for advanced soft tissue profiling between the test and control groups.
RESULTS
PT group showed lower plaque accumulation and inflammation grade (6.71% vs. 13.25%, respectively; p-value 0.02), and more advanced connective tissue healing and integration compared to NPT (31.77% vs. 23.3%, respectively; p = 0.009). In the control group, more expressed keratinization was found compared to the PT group, showing significantly higher CK10 (>47.5%). No differences in KM were found between the groups.
SIGNIFICANCE
PT seems to be a promising protocol for guided peri-implant soft tissue morphogenesis reducing plaque accumulation and inflammation, and stimulating collagen and soft tissue but without effects on epithelial tissues and keratinization.
Topics: Humans; Argon; Plasma Gases; Tooth; Dental Implants; Collagen; Dental Plaque; Inflammation; Dental Abutments; Titanium
PubMed: 37853303
DOI: 10.1111/cid.13286 -
PloS One 2023Oral healthcare behavior leads to oral health status. Factors associated with oral healthcare behavior might affect oral hygiene in pregnant women, who are at high risk...
BACKGROUND
Oral healthcare behavior leads to oral health status. Factors associated with oral healthcare behavior might affect oral hygiene in pregnant women, who are at high risk for gingivitis and dental caries. This study aimed to explore factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors during pregnancy among pregnant women in a northeastern province of Thailand.
METHOD
A total of 405 pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics at one of the government hospitals in the province were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Dentists in the hospitals measured pregnant women's gingivitis and dental calculus status using mouth mirrors and explorers. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain variables of interest. Linear regression analysis, Beta and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied.
RESULTS
The majority were 20-24 years old (33.6%). Most of the participants had received upper secondary education (37.6%). Majority had gingivitis (88.1%) and dental calculus (88.6%). The findings revealed that age (Beta = -0.129, 95%CI = -0.269, -0.016), educational level (Beta = 0.118, 95% CI = 0.110, 0.183), and oral health literacy (Beta = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.156, 0.319) were statistically significant factors associated with oral healthcare behaviors.
CONCLUSION
Younger pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors than older pregnant women and pregnant women had better oral healthcare behaviors due to higher educational levels and oral health literacy. Oral health promotion should be improved through oral health literacy, and interventions should be added to improve oral care skills particularly in older pregnant women as they are at a greater risk for poor oral healthcare behaviors.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Aged; Young Adult; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Pregnant Women; Thailand; Hospitals, Public; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Gingivitis; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37651430
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290334 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence,...
INTRODUCTION
Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence, resulting in the fissure remaining in the mouth for a longer length of time. Patients with AC have a greater rate of oral diseases such as dental caries than the normal population, and the precise characteristics of the bacterial alterations caused by AC are unknown.
METHODS
We recruited a total of 87 subjects and collected dental plaque samples from AC adolescents (AAP), post-operative ABG adolescents (PAP), healthy control adolescents (CAP), AC young adults (AYP), post-operative ABG young adults (PYP), and healthy control young adults (CYP). The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed.
RESULTS
The microbial composition of plaque from alveolar cleft patients differed significantly from age-matched healthy controls. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that AAP was enriched for , and , whereas AYP was enriched for , and . There were phenotypic differences in facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and oxidative stress tolerance between the AYP group with longer alveolar cleft and the healthy control group according to Bugbase phenotypic predictions. Alveolar bone grafting did not alter the functional phenotype of alveolar cleft patients but reduced the number of differential genera between alveolar cleft patients and healthy controls at both ages.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study systematically characterized the supragingival plaque microbiota of alveolar cleft patients, post-alveolar bone grafting patients, and matched healthy controls in two ages to gain a better understanding of plaque ecology and microbiology associated with alveolar clefts.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Cleft Palate; Adolescent; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Male; Cleft Lip; Young Adult; Bacteria; Alveolar Bone Grafting; Adult
PubMed: 38800834
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1361206 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) May 2024A 35-year-old woman was admitted for the examination of lower leg edema and proteinuria. A kidney biopsy showed membranous nephropathy (MN) with fine granular deposits...
A 35-year-old woman was admitted for the examination of lower leg edema and proteinuria. A kidney biopsy showed membranous nephropathy (MN) with fine granular deposits of IgG along the glomerular capillary and poor spike formation, differing from primary MN in the presence of positive IgG3 and C1q. Lupus nephritis was excluded because serum complement and anti-dsDNA antibody, anti-Smith antibody, and anti-cardiolipin antibody tests were negative. The serological test for syphilis was positive, as was the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test. The patient was diagnosed with syphilis, and the proteinuria disappeared with antibiotic treatment. In MN with positive IgG3 and C1q, syphilis nephropathy may be a differential diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Adult; Syphilis; Diagnosis, Differential; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 37839882
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2380-23 -
Cureus Mar 2024Introduction Dental surfaces have dense bacterial deposits, and poor oral hygiene can exacerbate bacterial infections, causing acute tonsillitis. The study aims to...
Introduction Dental surfaces have dense bacterial deposits, and poor oral hygiene can exacerbate bacterial infections, causing acute tonsillitis. The study aims to quantify acute tonsillitis prevalence and assess its association with oral hygiene practices. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of acute tonsillitis and its association with oral hygiene was conducted among adults aged 20 and above in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Illiterates and those unwilling to participate were excluded. We employed an Arabic online self-administered questionnaire that was disseminated conveniently via Google Forms to social media assessing oral hygiene such as last dental visit, age at starting dental care, number of toothbrushes per day, frequency of toothbrush change, and duration of brushing teeth, and acute tonsillitis characteristics of the participants. Results About 393 participated in the study. Of them, 54% were aged 20-30, 53% were males, and 70% had a university education. The prevalence of acute tonsillitis was 64%. Approximately 28% reported dental clinic visits within three months, and 21% initiated oral hygiene practices at age 20. Among participants, 43% brushed twice daily, with 33% spending one minute and 43% two minutes. About 31% replaced toothbrushes every three months, while 23% acknowledged having bad breath. Experiencing bad breath, changing toothbrushes every three months, and having dental visits within less than three months were associated with having acute tonsillitis (p<0.05). However, regression analysis revealed that experiencing bad breath (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.70) was associated with a higher risk of acute tonsillitis, while less frequent toothbrush changes correlated with a lower risk (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.94). Conclusion This study revealed a substantial prevalence of acute tonsillitis among adults in Taif City. Oral care practices need improvement. There are significant associations between oral hygiene practices, bad breath, and the occurrence of acute tonsillitis. Addressing oral hygiene practices could be a key focus for preventative measures.
PubMed: 38586785
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55801 -
PeerJ 2023Metriorhynchids are marine crocodylomorphs found across Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of Europe and Central and South America. Despite being one of the oldest...
Metriorhynchids are marine crocodylomorphs found across Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of Europe and Central and South America. Despite being one of the oldest fossil families named in paleontology, the phylogenetic relationships within Metriorhynchidae have been subject to many revisions over the past 15 years. Herein, we describe a new metriorhynchid from the Kimmeridgian of Porrentruy, Switzerland. The material consists of a relatively complete, disarticulated skeleton preserving pieces of the skull, including the frontal, prefrontals, right postorbital, nasals, maxillae, right premaxillae and nearly the entire mandible, and many remains of the axial and appendicular skeleton such as cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, ribs, the left ischium, the right femur, and the right fibula. This new specimen is referred to the new species sp. nov. as part of the large-bodied macrophagous tribe Geosaurini. presents a unique combination of cranial and dental characters including a smooth cranium, a unique frontal shape, acute ziphodont teeth, an enamel ornamentation made of numerous apicobasal ridges shifting to small ridges forming an anastomosed pattern toward the apex of the crown and an enamel ornamentation touching the carina. The description of this new species allows to take a new look at the currently proposed evolutionary trends within the genus and provides new information on the evolution of this clade.
Topics: Fossils; Phylogeny; Switzerland; Reptiles; Species Specificity; Bone and Bones; Animals
PubMed: 37483966
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15512 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Sep 2023The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, compared to using different traditional motivational techniques on early adolescents'... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing, compared to using different traditional motivational techniques on early adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, behavior changes, and oral hygiene status about oral healthcare; 156 healthy early adolescents aged between 10-12 years were included in this interventional study. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups. Basic oral hygiene training (BOHT) (n = 39) group, video monitored (VIDEO) (n = 39) group, plaque disclosed method (PDM) (n = 39) group, and motivational interviewing (MI) (n = 39) group. The participants joined all the motivation sessions one-to-one, face-to-face, with the primary researcher. The data collection forms consist of questions measuring the levels of knowledge, attitude and behavior related to oral health. The participants were invited to the reminder sessions in the following 2 weeks and 1 month. The participant's plaque index was recorded and assessed by a blinded examiner at the reminder sessions. Data forms were re-filled after a 3-month end-point to evaluate participants' knowledge, attitude, behavior changes and oral hygiene status. After the follow-up period, while there was a slight increase in knowledge and attitude levels in the PDM and VIDEO groups, there was a higher increase in behavior and attitude levels in the MI group. Compared to the oral hygiene status, the Plaque Index score reduction was greater in the MI group than in the other groups ( < 0.05); Although positive changes were observed in all groups, the most significant improvement was observed in the MI group. It was concluded that MI could have a positive effect on improving the oral hygiene habits of pediatric patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Motivational Interviewing; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Oral Health; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37732435
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.043