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The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Jul 2023This scoping review aims to summarize the available evidence on strategies employed in preventing caries in patients with molar incisor hypo-mineralization (MIH). MIH... (Review)
Review
This scoping review aims to summarize the available evidence on strategies employed in preventing caries in patients with molar incisor hypo-mineralization (MIH). MIH refers to an enamel defect involving opacities, and sometimes post-eruptive degradation due to enamel porosity; resulting in outcomes ranging from a mild atypical caries to severe coronary destruction. A systematic review was conducted for literature in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos and Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). The search was aimed at studies published between January 2010 and February 2022. Data were independently selected and extracted. 989 studies were found from the systematic search and 8 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies evaluated remineralization and cariogenic risk, both of which are crucial elements in caries prevention, as well as decreased sensitivity. The included studies investigated fluoride varnish, dental sealants, giomers, casein, and Icon as preventative methods for dental caries. Several methods for preventing dental caries in paediatric patients with MIH exist, but more research is needed to determine their effectiveness and safety. Any preventive intervention should consider the etiological aspects of the disease, the risk of caries, the type and extent of lesions, hypersensitivity level and patient's age. Collaboration between patients and carers is critical for disease diagnosis and caries prevention.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Molar Hypomineralization; Dental Enamel; Molar; Prevalence
PubMed: 37408341
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.030 -
Archives of Oral Biology Jul 2023in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD), oral health can be affected by motor and non-motor symptoms and/or medication use. Therefore, the aim was to systematically... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD), oral health can be affected by motor and non-motor symptoms and/or medication use. Therefore, the aim was to systematically review the literature on oral health and associated factors of oral health in PD patients.
DESIGN
a literature search was performed from inception up to April 5th, 2023. Original studies that assessed oral health-related factors in PD patients and were written in English or Dutch, were included.
RESULTS
11276 articles were identified, of which 43 met the inclusion criteria (quality range poor-good). A higher prevalence of dental biofilm, bleeding/gingivitis, pocket depth (≥4 mm), tooth mobility, caries, and number of decayed missing filled teeth/surfaces was found in PD patients than in controls. However, no difference between both groups was found when analysing edentulism and wearing dentures. Poor oral health of PD patients was associated with a longer disease duration, higher disease severity, and more prescribed medications.
CONCLUSIONS
oral health of PD patients is worse than that of healthy individuals. It is associated with the duration and severity of PD and medication use. Therefore, we advise regular appointments with oral health care professionals, with an important focus on prevention.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Parkinson Disease; Gingivitis; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 37120970
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105712 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Aug 2023The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has increased awareness of its important role for the entire human body health. A wide range of microbial... (Review)
Review
The evolution of medical knowledge about oral microbiota has increased awareness of its important role for the entire human body health. A wide range of microbial species colonizing the oral cavity interact both with each other and with their host through complex pathways. Usually, these interactions lead to a harmonious coexistence (i.e. eubiosis). However, several factors - including diet, poor oral hygiene, tobacco smoking, and certain medications, among others - can disrupt this weak homeostatic balance (i.e. dysbiosis) with potential implications on both oral (i.e. development of caries and periodontal disease) and systemic health. This article is thus aimed at providing an overview on the importance of oral microbiota in mediating several physiological and pathological conditions affecting human health. In this context, strategies based on oral hygiene and diet as well as the role of probiotics supplementation are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Microbiota; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 37688509
DOI: 10.1177/15353702231187645 -
International Endodontic Journal Oct 2023The ESE previously published quality guidelines for endodontic treatment in 2006; however, there have been significant changes since not only in clinical endodontics but... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The ESE previously published quality guidelines for endodontic treatment in 2006; however, there have been significant changes since not only in clinical endodontics but also in consensus and guideline development processes. In the development of the inaugural S3-level clinical practice guidelines (CPG), a comprehensive systematic and methodologically robust guideline consultation process was followed in order to produce evidence-based recommendations for the management of patients presenting with pulpal and apical disease.
AIM
To develop an S3-level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease, focusing on diagnosis and the implementation of the treatment approaches required to manage patients presenting with pulpitis and apical periodontitis (AP) with the ultimate goal of preventing tooth loss.
METHODS
This S3-level CPG was developed by the ESE, with the assistance of independent methodological guidance provided by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and utilizing the GRADE process. A robust, rigorous and transparent process included the analysis of relevant comparative research in 14 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, prior to evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific evidence and expert-based recommendations in a structured consensus process with leading endodontic experts and a broad base of external stakeholders.
RESULTS
The S3-level CPG for the treatment of pulpal and apical disease describes in a series of clinical recommendations the effectiveness of diagnosing pulpitis and AP, prior to investigating the effectiveness of endodontic treatments in managing those diseases. Therapeutic strategies include the effectiveness of deep caries management in cases with, and without, spontaneous pain and pulp exposure, vital versus nonvital teeth, the effectiveness of root canal instrumentation, irrigation, dressing, root canal filling materials and adjunct intracanal procedures in the management of AP. Prior to treatment planning, the critical importance of history and case evaluation, aseptic techniques, appropriate training and re-evaluations during and after treatment is stressed.
CONCLUSION
The first S3-level CPG in endodontics informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers, other stakeholders and patients on the available and most effective treatments to manage patients with pulpitis and AP in order to preserve teeth over a patient's lifetime, according to the best comparative evidence currently available.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp; Endodontics; Periapical Periodontitis; Pulpitis; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 37772327
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13974 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Sep 2023Dental caries is a serious multifactorial oral disease that causes demineralization of the tooth's hard tissues and affects more than half of the world's population. The... (Review)
Review
Dental caries is a serious multifactorial oral disease that causes demineralization of the tooth's hard tissues and affects more than half of the world's population. The objective of this exploratory systematic review was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in Mexican children and adolescents, as well as related factors such as sex, nutritional status, type of dentition, education, living conditions, socioeconomic level, and the type of demographic area. The eligibility criteria to be considered were observational studies whose sample included Mexicans 0-15 years of age in which the prevalence or an index of dental caries had been evaluated. Eligible studies were identified through the search carried out in 6 databases and manual search, without publication time restriction. Fifty-four studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. In these included studies it was observed that, in the last decades, the prevalence of caries in Mexican children and adolescents exhibits a tendency to decrease this disease. In the 1980s, caries prevalences of up to 92.8% were reported; between 1990-1999, the highest reported prevalence was 97%; from 2000-2009, the highest reported prevalence was 95%; from 2010 to 2019 the highest prevalence was 94.6%; and from 2020 and 2021, prevalences of up to 88.5% were reported. Although there has been a decrease in the prevalence of caries in Mexican children, this disease continues to be linked to biological, behavioral and socioeconomic determinants.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Dental Caries; Educational Status; Mexico; Prevalence; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 37769137
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8316465 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes (DPSC-EXO), which have biological characteristics similar to those of metrocytes, have been found to be closely associated with...
Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Anti-Inflammatory and Osteogenesis in Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells and Promote the Repair of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats.
PURPOSE
Dental pulp stem cell-derived exosomes (DPSC-EXO), which have biological characteristics similar to those of metrocytes, have been found to be closely associated with tissue regeneration. Periodontitis is an immune inflammation and tissue destructive disease caused by plaque, resulting in alveolar bone loss and periodontal epithelial destruction. It is not clear whether DPSC-EXO can be used as an effective therapy for periodontal regeneration. The purpose of this study was not only to verify the effect of DPSC-EXO on reducing periodontitis and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration, but also to reveal the possible mechanism.
METHODS
DPSC-EXO was isolated by ultracentrifugation. Then it characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western Blot. In vitro, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were treated with DPSC-EXO, the abilities of cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic potential were evaluated. Furthermore, we detected the expression of IL-1β, TNF-αand key proteins in the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway after simulating the inflammatory environment by LPS. In addition, the effect of DPSC-EXO on the polarization phenotype of macrophages was detected. In vivo, the experimental periodontitis in rats was established and treated with DPSC-EXO or PBS. After 4 weeks, the maxillae were collected and detected by micro-CT and histological staining.
RESULTS
DPSC-EXO promoted the proliferation, migration and osteogenesis of PDLSCs in vitro. DPSC-EXO also regulated inflammation by inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway during acute inflammatory stress. In addition, the results showed that DPSC-EXO could polarize macrophages from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. In vivo, we found that DPSC-EXO could effectively reduce alveolar bone loss and promote the healing of the periodontal epithelium in rats with experimental periodontitis.
CONCLUSION
DPSC-EXO plays an important role in inhibiting periodontitis and promoting tissue regeneration. This study provides a promising acellular therapy for periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Periodontal Ligament; Alveolar Bone Loss; Dental Pulp; Exosomes; Interleukin-6; Osteogenesis; Periodontitis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Inflammation
PubMed: 37608819
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S420967 -
International Dental Journal Nov 2023This narrative review summarises "alternative" or "natural" over-the-counter (OTC) mouthwashes not covered elsewhere in this supplement and newly emerging products, as... (Review)
Review
This narrative review summarises "alternative" or "natural" over-the-counter (OTC) mouthwashes not covered elsewhere in this supplement and newly emerging products, as potential mouthwashes of the future. The "natural" mouthwashes reviewed include saltwater, baking soda, coconut oil, charcoal, propolis, seaweeds, and probiotics. Other than essential oils, it is apparent that their clinical effectiveness is still under debate, but there is some evidence to suggest that propolis reduces plaque and gingivitis. This review also covers the host immune response, via novel anti-inmmunomodulant mouthwashes, such as erythropoietin to reduce inflammation with oral mucositis (OM) after radiotherapy. The emerging concept of nanoparticle-containing mouthwashes, such as iron oxide, is further discussed for OM, this agent having the potential for more targeted delivery of chemical antimicrobials. Unfortunately, there are impacts on the environment of widening mouthwash use with more new products, including increased use of packaging, antimicrobial resistance, and possible detrimental effects on marine life. Further, there are roadblocks, relating to regularly approvals and side effects, that still need to be overcome for any OTC deivered immunomodulant or nanoformulation mouthwashes. Despite these caveats, there are many new mouthwashes under development, which could help manage major oral diseases such as caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; Propolis; Dental Plaque; Oils, Volatile; Gingivitis
PubMed: 37867066
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.011 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Aug 2023To provide family physicians with a practical evidence-based approach to the management of patients with sialadenitis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide family physicians with a practical evidence-based approach to the management of patients with sialadenitis.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for English-language research on sialadenitis and other salivary gland disorders, as well as for relevant review articles and guidelines published between 1981 and 2021.
MAIN MESSAGE
refers to inflammation or infection of the salivary glands and is a condition that can be caused by a broad range of processes including infectious, obstructive, and autoimmune. History and physical examination play important roles in directing management, while imaging is often useful to establish a diagnosis. Red flags such as suspected abscess formation, signs of respiratory obstruction, facial paresis, and fixation of a mass to underlying tissue should prompt urgent referral to head and neck surgery or a visit to the emergency department.
CONCLUSION
Family physicians can play an important role in the diagnosis and management of sialadenitis. Prompt recognition and treatment of the condition can prevent the development of complications.
Topics: Humans; Sialadenitis; Diagnostic Imaging; Physical Examination
PubMed: 37582587
DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6908531 -
International Dental Journal Nov 2023This is the concluding article in the supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care, which summarises the current guidelines across the globe regarding their... (Review)
Review
This is the concluding article in the supplement on the role of mouthwashes in oral care, which summarises the current guidelines across the globe regarding their acceptable adjunctive use for managing caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Based on moderate evidence for clinical effectiveness, most current guidelines suggest fluoride mouthwashes for the management of dental caries, and chlorhexidine for the management of periodontal diseases. However there still appears to be gaps in the literature underpinning these recommendations. Importantly, all evidence supports such mouthwash use "adjunctively," alongside mechanical oral hygiene measures. Other antimicrobial mouthwashes such as essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride may also be clinically effective against plaque and gingivitis, but there is a current lack of robust evidence of natural mouthwashes to recommend their adjunctive use. The authors of the current review are of the view that mouthwashes may not be of much value in those with good periodontal health or low caries risk. The reasons for this are, the potential i) risks of allergic reactions, ii) dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, iii) emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and iv) deleterious effects on the environment. There is, however, much empirical research needed on mouthwashes, particularly in vivo research derived through clinical trials. Thus, dental practitioners need to keep abreast of the evidence base on the current, and the emerging, over-the-counter mouthwashes, and pay heed to the consensus views emanating from systematic reviews, as well as international guidelines on mouthwashes.
Topics: Humans; Mouthwashes; Dental Caries; Dentists; Professional Role; Chlorhexidine; Gingivitis; Periodontal Diseases; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local
PubMed: 37867062
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.013 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Tooth Wear; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Erosion
PubMed: 38218598
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.10.007