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Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Mar 2024In South and Southeast Asia, the habit of chewing betel nuts is prevalent, which leads to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF is a well-established precancerous lesion,...
In South and Southeast Asia, the habit of chewing betel nuts is prevalent, which leads to oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). OSF is a well-established precancerous lesion, and a portion of OSF cases eventually progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of OSCC from OSF are poorly understood. In this study, the leading-edge techniques of Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) and Spatial Metabolomics (SM) are integrated to obtain spatial location information of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, as well as the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscapes in OSF-derived OSCC tissues. This work reveals for the first time that some OSF-derived OSCC cells undergo partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT) within the in situ carcinoma (ISC) region, eventually acquiring fibroblast-like phenotypes and participating in collagen deposition. Complex interactions among epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are demonstrated. Most importantly, significant metabolic reprogramming in OSF-derived OSCC, including abnormal polyamine metabolism, potentially playing a pivotal role in promoting tumorigenesis and immune evasion is discovered. The ST and SM data in this study shed new light on deciphering the mechanisms of OSF-derived OSCC. The work also offers invaluable clues for the prevention and treatment of OSCC.
Topics: Humans; Oral Submucous Fibrosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Mouth Neoplasms; Transcriptome; Tumor Microenvironment; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38229179
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306515 -
BMC Public Health Aug 2023To evaluate oral conditions, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
To evaluate oral conditions, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents.
METHODS
Umbrella review, conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes (PRISMA) checklist. The search strategy used a combination of words, applied in the electronic databases PubMed, WebScience, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Cochrane. Included publications until January 2022, without restrictions. Data collection took place with systematized practices and the eligibility criteria were studies focusing on OHRQoL; teenagers; adolescentes; present the term "systematic review" and/or "meta-analysis" in the title or abstract. The quality assessment followed the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) and the adherence of the article to the PRISMA was verified.
RESULTS
Three hundred sixty-two articles were identified, and 22 were included, published between 2009 and 2022. 21 Systematic reviews focused on the English language. Most studies showed heterogeneity in the methodological structuring process: 10 articles were considered of low and 10 critically low quality. Clinical conditions associated with worsening in quality of life were dental caries, malocclusion, dental trauma, toothache, edentulism, need for orthodontic treatment, irregular brushing, and periodontal disease. Socioeconomic factors related to housing, parental education, access to health care, absence of siblings and nuclear family influence OHRQoL. Completion of orthodontic treatment, health promotion programs, dental care and safe housing all have a positive impact.
CONCLUSION
Worse oral health status, older age, female sex and worse socioeconomic status were significantly associated with worse OHRQoL.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD4202129352.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Checklist; Databases, Factual; Dental Caries; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37612682
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16241-2 -
F1000Research 2023Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects women between the ages of 30 and 50. It has been hypothesised that AITD causes...
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an inflammatory condition that primarily affects women between the ages of 30 and 50. It has been hypothesised that AITD causes salivary glands to produce less saliva due to its endocrine effects. Studies showing the effect of AITD on salivary glands are very scarce. The aim of this study was to compare AITD patients with controls who were of a similar age and gender in terms of salivary metrics and the prevalence of dental caries. 200 subjects in Bangalore city (100 AITD subjects and 100 healthy subjects as controls) participated in a cross-sectional study. Subjective oral dryness was assessed using Farsi's criteria. Salivary parameters and caries were assessed using GC Saliva-Check BUFFER kit and WHO caries criteria respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were done. Significant data was defined as a value of <0.05. : When compared to controls, the AITD group had substantially more subjective mouth dryness and dental caries. Unstimulated (USFR) and stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR), pH and buffering capacity were reduced in AITD group whereas viscosity was high. There was a significant negative correlation between USFR, SFR, subjective oral dryness and dental caries. In a linear regression, there was no association between age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), salivary viscosity, pH, buffering capacity and dental caries. Dental caries, USFR and SFR demonstrated a substantial relationship. : The present research may indicate an underlying association between thyroid and salivary gland dysfunction resulting in oral dryness and high dental caries experience.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; India; Saliva; Hashimoto Disease
PubMed: 38106652
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.135684.1 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Sep 2023PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published up to October 2021.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published up to October 2021.
STUDY SELECTION
Two separate search strategies were employed: (1) In adults with periodontitis, what is the prevalence or incidence of respiratory diseases compared to healthy or gingivitis adults in cross-sectional, cohort or case -control studies. (2) In adults with periodontitis and respiratory disease, what are the effects of periodontal therapy compared to no or minimal therapy in clinical trials (randomised and non-randomised)? Respiratory diseases were defined as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), asthma, COVID-19, and community acquire pneumonia (CAP). Exclusion criteria included non-English studies, individuals with severe systemic comorbidities, less than 12 months follow up, and a sample size less than 10 individuals.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and selected manuscripts against the inclusion criteria. Disagreement was solved by consulting a third reviewer. Studies were classified according to the respiratory diseases investigated. Quality assessment was performed using various tools. Qualitative assessment was performed. Studies with sufficient data were included in meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and I index. Fixed and random effects models were used. Effect sizes were presented as odds-ratios, relative risks, and hazard ratios.
RESULTS
75 studies were included. Meta-analyses revealed statistically significant positive associations of periodontitis with COPD and OSA (p < 0.001) however no association for asthma. Four studies showed positive effects of periodontal treatment on COPD, asthma, and CAP.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; COVID-19; Periodontitis; Asthma; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 37188924
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-023-00899-z -
Primary Dental Journal Dec 2023Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the paediatric population are common and frequently seen in general dental practice. The management of TDIs can be challenging and,...
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the paediatric population are common and frequently seen in general dental practice. The management of TDIs can be challenging and, in most cases, the General Dental Practitioner is tasked with the initial assessment and emergency treatment. Patients and their families typically attend with elevated levels of distress, which is complicated by the limited dental experience of some children. Behaviour management is essential and helps prepare patients for dental care at both their emergency and follow-up appointments. Early and accurate diagnosis in combination with appropriate treatment contributes to favourable outcomes for traumatised teeth. Early discussions with or referral to paediatric dental teams for management of complex TDIs is encouraged, however shared follow-up care is beneficial over the long-term. In specific cases, initial dental treatment can be delayed by a few days to a subsequent appointment, allowing the dental team to book sufficient time for the treatment and for the patient and their families to prepare. Education of the patients and adults with parental responsibility is essential to manage expectations, explain likely complications and encourage attendance for long-term follow-up visits. This paper discusses the management of paediatric patients to aid the primary care practitioner in providing effective immediate and long-term care.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Dentists; Professional Role; Tooth Injuries; Tooth Avulsion; Emergency Treatment
PubMed: 38018674
DOI: 10.1177/20501684231211413 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Neutrophils represent the primary defense against microbial threats playing a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review examines the multifaceted... (Review)
Review
Neutrophils represent the primary defense against microbial threats playing a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review examines the multifaceted involvement of neutrophils in periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth summarizing the contribution of neutrophil dysfunction in periodontitis and periodontal-related comorbidities. Periodontitis, a pathological condition promoted by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gingiva and subsequent tissue destruction. Neutrophils are among the first immune cells recruited to the site of infection, releasing antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and reactive oxygen species to eliminate pathogens. The persistent inflammatory state in periodontitis can lead to aberrant neutrophil activation and a sustained release of proinflammatory mediators, finally resulting in tissue damage, bone resorption, and disease progression. Growing evidence now points to the correlation between periodontitis and systemic comorbidities. Indeed, the release of inflammatory mediators, immune complexes, and oxidative stress by neutrophils, bridge the gap between local and systemic immunity, thus highlighting neutrophils as key players in linking periodontal inflammation to chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review underscores the crucial role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the complex link between neutrophil dysfunction, local inflammation, and systemic comorbidities. A comprehensive understanding of neutrophil contribution to periodontitis development and their impact on periodontal comorbidities holds significant implications for the management of oral health. Furthermore, it highlights the need for the development of novel approaches aimed at limiting the persistent recruitment and activation of neutrophils, also reducing the impact of periodontal inflammation on broader health contexts, offering promising avenues for improved disease management and patient care.
Topics: Humans; Neutrophils; Cardiovascular Diseases; Periodontitis; Inflammation; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37895050
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015370 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Although oral hygiene and fluorides have a significant impact on people's oral health, we must not forget that the causes of oral diseases are often related to...
Although oral hygiene and fluorides have a significant impact on people's oral health, we must not forget that the causes of oral diseases are often related to malnutrition and other unhealthy behavioral factors, such as smoking, being sedentary, and chronic stress [...].
Topics: Humans; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Periodontitis; Gingivitis; Diet; Oral Health; Dental Caries
PubMed: 37892396
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204319 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Nov 2023The genetic basis of dentoalveolar characteristics has been investigated by several studies, however, the findings are equivocal. The objective of this systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The genetic basis of dentoalveolar characteristics has been investigated by several studies, however, the findings are equivocal. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the heritability of dental arches and occlusal parameters in different stages of human dentition.
SEARCH METHODS
Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Dentistry and Oral Science Source were searched up to August 2023 without the restriction of language or publication date.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Empirical studies investigating the heritability of dentoalveolar parameters among twins and siblings were included in the review.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate by two authors and a third author resolved conflicts if needed. Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias among studies and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review, of which 15 studies reporting heritability coefficients in the permanent dentition stages were deemed suitable for the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses showed high heritability estimates for maxillary intermolar width (0.52), maxillary intercanine width (0.54), mandibular intermolar width (0.55), mandibular intercanine width (0.55), maxillary arch length (0.76), mandibular arch length (0.57), and palatal depth (0.56). The heritability estimates for the occlusal parameters varied considerably, with relatively moderate values for crossbite (0.46) and overbite (0.44) and low values for buccal segment relationship (0.32), overjet (0.22), and rotation and displacement of teeth (0.16). However, the certainty of evidence for most of the outcomes was low according to the GRADE criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the available evidence, it can be concluded that the dental arch dimensions have a high heritability while the occlusal parameters demonstrate a moderate to low heritability.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022358442).
Topics: Humans; Dental Arch; Malocclusion; Overbite; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Dentition, Permanent
PubMed: 37822010
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad061 -
International Dental Journal Aug 2023Migraine is a neurologic illness that produces intense throbbing pain on one side of the head and affects roughly 1 billion people worldwide. Recent research indicates a... (Review)
Review
Migraine is a neurologic illness that produces intense throbbing pain on one side of the head and affects roughly 1 billion people worldwide. Recent research indicates a relationship between periodontitis and chronic migraines. This study aimed to review the association between chronic migraines and periodontitis through a systematic literature review. Four research databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and SpringerLink) were searched according to PRISMA guidelines to retrieve the studies included in this review. A search strategy was developed to answer the study question with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 34 published studies, 8 studies were included in this review. Three of the studies were cross-sectional, 3 were case-control, and 2 were clinical report and medical hypothesis papers. Seven of the 8 included studies showed that there is an association between periodontal disease and chronic migraine. The elevated blood levels of some biomarkers such as leptins, ProCalcitonin (proCT), calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs), Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-like Weak Inducer Of Apoptosis (sTWEAK) play a significant role in this association. The limitations include a small sample size, the influence of anti-inflammatory drugs, and a self-reported headache measure that is subject to misclassification bias. This systematic review reveals a supposed correlation between periodontal disease and chronic migraine, as evidenced by various biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. This suggests that periodontal disease could potentially contribute to the development of chronic migraine. However, to further assess the potential benefits of periodontal treatment in patients with chronic migraine, additional longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and interventional studies are needed.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Migraine Disorders; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37225630
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.04.007 -
MSystems Oct 2023We characterized the oral conditions, salivary microbiome, and metabolome after dental treatment by investigating the state after treatment completion and transition to...
We characterized the oral conditions, salivary microbiome, and metabolome after dental treatment by investigating the state after treatment completion and transition to self-care. Dental treatment improved oral health conditions, resulting in oral disease remission; however, the imbalanced state of the salivary microbiome continued even after remission. Although the results of this study are preliminary, owing to the small number of participants in each group when compared to larger cohort studies, they indicate that the risk of disease may remain higher than that of healthy participants, thereby demonstrating the importance of removing dental plaque containing disease-related bacteria using appropriate care even after treatment completion. We also identified bacterial species with relative abundances that differed from those of healthy participants even after remission of symptoms, which may indicate that the maturation of certain bacterial species must be controlled to improve the oral microbiome and reduce the risk of disease recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Dysbiosis; Dental Caries; Periodontal Diseases; Microbiota; Bacteria; Dental Care
PubMed: 37698410
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00683-23