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Frontiers in Medicine 2024Artificial intelligence is poised to rapidly reshape many fields, including that of skin cancer screening and diagnosis, both as a disruptive and assistive technology.... (Review)
Review
Artificial intelligence is poised to rapidly reshape many fields, including that of skin cancer screening and diagnosis, both as a disruptive and assistive technology. Together with the collection and availability of large medical data sets, artificial intelligence will become a powerful tool that can be leveraged by physicians in their diagnoses and treatment plans for patients. This comprehensive review focuses on current progress toward AI applications for patients, primary care providers, dermatologists, and dermatopathologists, explores the diverse applications of image and molecular processing for skin cancer, and highlights AI's potential for patient self-screening and improving diagnostic accuracy for non-dermatologists. We additionally delve into the challenges and barriers to clinical implementation, paths forward for implementation and areas of active research.
PubMed: 38566925
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1331895 -
WMJ : Official Publication of the State... Sep 2023Primary care physicians are often the first to identify signs and symptoms concerning for cancer. An important aspect of cancer screening is thorough skin examinations... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Primary care physicians are often the first to identify signs and symptoms concerning for cancer. An important aspect of cancer screening is thorough skin examinations and subsequent referral to a dermatologist for atypical cutaneous presentations, which may be associated with an underlying visceral malignancy. Diagnostic considerations for pruritus without dermatitis ("itch without rash") in adults include senile pruritus, medication reaction, and paraneoplastic syndrome. Recognition of cutaneous manifestations of cancer should prompt cancer screening by primary care providers.
OBJECTIVE
To update practicing physicians on current cancer screening guidelines with a specific focus on cutaneous clues to prompt further workup.
METHODS
American Cancer Society and United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines were systematically reviewed using PubMed and organizational websites during August and September, 2021, with review of Task Force Guidelines during October, 2022.
RESULTS
Colorectal, cervical, breast, lung, skin, prostate, ovarian, hematologic, pancreatic, thyroid, testicular, bladder, oral, and gastric cancer screening guidelines are summarized.
CONCLUSIONS
Primary care physicians can recognize atypical cutaneous conditions and facilitate referral to a dermatologist for evaluation and/or directly order tests themselves to initiate appropriate cancer screening.
PubMed: 37768766
DOI: No ID Found -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Jan 2024Gram-negative bacterial toe web infection (GNTWI) is a common dermatologic condition affecting the interdigital spaces. The clinical presentation ranges from mild... (Review)
Review
Gram-negative bacterial toe web infection (GNTWI) is a common dermatologic condition affecting the interdigital spaces. The clinical presentation ranges from mild erythema to exudative maceration of the web spaces that may extend to in other areas of the foot and lead to cellulitis in severe cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly identified etiologic agent. Occlusive and humid environments, pre-existing dermatologic conditions, and fungal infections increase the risk of developing GNTWI. GNTWI has a broad differential diagnosis including erythrasma, tinea pedis, pitted keratolysis, eczematous dermatitis, and malignancies. Diagnosis is performed using bacterial and fungal cultures. There is a lack of a standardized treatment regimen for GNTWI. While GNTWI is fairly common, it may still be under-recognized by dermatologists due to the limited medical literature. This article presents a review of GNTWI, its clinical features, epidemiologic factors, etiologic agents, predisposing factors, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options.
PubMed: 38364399
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1401a59 -
JMIR Dermatology Oct 2023Congenital telangiectatic erythema (CTE), also known as Bloom syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by below-average height, a narrow face, a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Congenital telangiectatic erythema (CTE), also known as Bloom syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by below-average height, a narrow face, a red skin rash occurring on sun-exposed areas of the body, and an increased risk of cancer. CTE is one of many genodermatoses and photodermatoses associated with defects in DNA repair. CTE is caused by a mutation occurring in the BLM gene, which causes abnormal breaks in chromosomes.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to analyze the existing literature on CTE to provide additional insight into its heredity, the spectrum of clinical presentations, and the management of this disorder. In addition, the gaps in current research and the use of artificial intelligence to streamline clinical diagnosis and the management of CTE are outlined.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted on PubMed, DOAJ, and Scopus using search terms such as "congenital telangiectatic erythema," "bloom syndrome," and "bloom-torre-machacek." Due to limited current literature, studies published from January 2000 to January 2023 were considered for this review. A total of 49 sources from the literature were analyzed.
RESULTS
Through this scoping review, the researchers were able to identify several publications focusing on Bloom syndrome. Some common subject areas included the heredity of CTE, clinical presentations of CTE, and management of CTE. In addition, the literature on rare diseases shows the potential advancements in understanding and treatment with artificial intelligence. Future studies should address the causes of heterogeneity in presentation and examine potential therapeutic candidates for CTE and similarly presenting syndromes.
CONCLUSIONS
This review illuminated current advances in potential molecular targets or causative pathways in the development of CTE as well as clinical features including erythema, increased cancer risk, and growth abnormalities. Future studies should continue to explore innovations in this space, especially in regard to the use of artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning, for the diagnosis and clinical management of rare diseases such as CTE.
PubMed: 37796556
DOI: 10.2196/48413 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2024Sister Mary Joseph nodule (SMJN) is a rare clinical finding in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma. This is a case report of a 69-year-old man, who presented with a...
Sister Mary Joseph nodule (SMJN) is a rare clinical finding in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma. This is a case report of a 69-year-old man, who presented with a cutaneous element by his umbilicus at his GP. He was referred to a dermatologist, then a plastic surgeon. The element was a metastasis from adenocarcinoma originating from his caecum. It is important for doctors to know of SMJN as a rare presentation of metastatic cancer, and to clinically examine the patient for an abdominal starting point, when presented with a cutaneous tumour at the position of the umbilicus.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Adenocarcinoma; Skin Neoplasms; Surgeons; Umbilicus
PubMed: 38445337
DOI: 10.61409/V07230477 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,...
Topics: Humans; Dermatology; Dermatologists; Social Media
PubMed: 38595020
DOI: 10.25259/IJDVL_178_2024 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2023Turmeric is the dried rhizome of Linn which is extensively used in Indian culture. Curcumin is its most active pharmaceutical component. Turmeric use is very closely... (Review)
Review
Turmeric is the dried rhizome of Linn which is extensively used in Indian culture. Curcumin is its most active pharmaceutical component. Turmeric use is very closely related with the socio-religious life of the population. Topical application of turmeric is a very common practice in the daily lives and auspicious occasions in South India. However, the allergenic potential of this commonly used spice is mentioned in various case reports and studies. The dermatologists and patients should be aware of the possible allergic reactions of this widely used herb. The purpose of this review is to give a brief overview of allergenic potential of this commonly used spice.
PubMed: 37521239
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_340_22 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Jul 2023Significant racial/ethnic disparities in dermatologic care and their subsequent impact on dermatologic conditions were recently reported. Contributing factors include...
Significant racial/ethnic disparities in dermatologic care and their subsequent impact on dermatologic conditions were recently reported. Contributing factors include socioeconomic factors, gaps in educational exposure, and underrepresentation of minority groups in the dermatologic workforce. In 2021, the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) announced its three-year plan to expand diversity, equity, and inclusion in dermatology. One way to reduce disparities in dermatology is for every dermatologist, regardless of race or ethnicity, to receive adequate education in diseases, treatments, health equity, and tailored approaches to delivering dermatologic care with cultural humility. In addition, a diverse dermatologic workforce-especially at the level of residency program educators and organizational leaders-will contribute to improved cross-cultural understanding, more inclusive research efforts, and improved treatment approaches for conditions that are more prevalent or nuanced in certain racial/ethnic populations. Finally, the dermatology and broader healthcare community needs to acknowledge and educate ourselves on the health impacts of racism.
Topics: Humans; United States; Dermatology; Delivery of Health Care; Ethnicity; Minority Groups; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 36508020
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02507-z -
JMIR Dermatology Feb 2024Acne scarring is a frequent complication of acne. Scars negatively impact psychosocial and physical well-being. Optimal treatments significantly improve the appearance,...
Acne scarring is a frequent complication of acne. Scars negatively impact psychosocial and physical well-being. Optimal treatments significantly improve the appearance, quality of life, and self-esteem of people with scarring. A wide range of interventions have been proposed for acne scars. This narrative review aimed to focus on facial atrophic scarring interventions. The management of acne scarring includes various types of resurfacing (chemical peels, lasers, and dermabrasion); the use of injectable fillers; and surgical methods, such as needling, punch excision, punch elevation, or subcision. Since the scarred tissue has impaired regeneration abilities, the future implementation of stem or progenitor regenerative medical techniques is likely to add considerable value. There are limited randomized controlled trials that aimed to determine which treatment options should be considered the gold standard. Combining interventions would likely produce more benefit compared to the implementation of a single method.
PubMed: 38381492
DOI: 10.2196/49954