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Poultry Science Aug 2023Feather pecking (FP) is a multifactorial abnormal behavior in laying hens where they display harmful pecks in conspecifics. FP has been associated with the altered...
Feather pecking (FP) is a multifactorial abnormal behavior in laying hens where they display harmful pecks in conspecifics. FP has been associated with the altered functioning of the microbiome-gut-brain axis affecting host emotions and social behavior. The altered levels of serotonin (5-HT), a key monoaminergic neurotransmitter at both terminals of the gut-brain axis, affect the development of abnormal behavior, such as FP in laying hens. However, the underlying mechanism involving reciprocal interactions along the microbiota-gut-brain axis, particularly about the metabolism of 5-HT, remains unclear in FP phenotypes. This study examined the microbiota diversity, intestinal microbial metabolites, inflammatory responses, and 5-HT metabolism in divergently selected high (HFP; n = 8) and low (LFP; n = 8) FP hens to investigate the possible interconnections between FP behavior and the examined parameters. The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that compared to LFP birds, the gut microbiota of HFP birds exhibited a decrease in the abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genera Lactobacillus, while an increase in the abundance of phylum Proteobacteria and genera Escherichia Shigella and Desulfovibrio. Furthermore, the intestinal differential metabolites associated with FP phenotypes were mainly enriched in the tryptophan metabolic pathway. HFP birds had higher tryptophan metabolites and possibly a more responsive immune system compared to the LFP birds. This was indirectly supported by altered TNF-α levels in the serum and expression of inflammatory factor in the gut and brain. Moreover, HFP birds had lower serum levels of tryptophan and 5-HT compared to LFP birds, which was consistent with the downregulation of 5-HT metabolism-related genes in the brain of HFP birds. The correlation analysis revealed that genera Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio were associated with differences in intestinal metabolites, 5-HT metabolism, and inflammatory response between the LFP and HFP birds. In conclusion, differences in the cecal microbiota profile, immune response and 5-HT metabolism drive FP phenotypes, which could be associated with the gut abundance of genera Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio.
Topics: Animals; Female; Serotonin; Feathers; Brain-Gut Axis; Behavior, Animal; Chickens; Tryptophan; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37327743
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102686 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Feb 2024Overweight is known to be an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the differences in intestinal flora among CRC patients with different BMI status have...
BACKGROUND
Overweight is known to be an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the differences in intestinal flora among CRC patients with different BMI status have not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the differences in the abundance, composition and biological function of intestinal flora in CRC patients with different BMI status.
METHOD
A total of 170 CRC patients were included and grouped according to the BMI data of CRC patients. BMI ≥ 24 kg/m was defined as overweight group, and BMI within the range of 18.5-23.9 kg/m was defined as normal weight group. Preoperative stool collection of patients in both groups was used for 16S rRNA sequencing. Total RNA was extracted from 17 CRC tumor tissue samples for transcriptome sequencing, and then CIBERSORT algorithm was used to convert the transcriptome data into the relative content matrix of 22 kinds of immune cells, and the correlation between different intestinal flora and immune cells and immune-related genes under different BMI states was analyzed. Finally, we identified BMI-related differential functional pathways and analyzed the correlation between these pathways and differential intestinal flora.
RESULT
There was no significant difference in α diversity and β diversity analysis between overweight group and normal weight group. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) could divide the flora into two different clusters according to BMI stratification. A total of 33 BMI-related differential flora were identified by linear discriminant effect size analysis (LEfSe), among which Actinomyces, Desulfovibrio and Bacteroides were significantly enriched in overweight group. ko00514: Other types of O-glycan biosynthesis are significantly enriched in overweight group. There was a significant positive correlation between Clostridium IV and Macrophages M2 and T cells regulatory (Tregs). There was a significant negative correlation with Dendritic cells activated and T cells CD4 memory activated.
CONCLUSIONS
The richness and diversity of intestinal flora of CRC patients may be related to different BMI status, and the enrichment of Actinomyces, Desulphurvibrio and Bacteroides may be related to overweight status of CRC patients. The tumor microenvironment in which BMI-related differential flora resides has different immune landscapes, suggesting that some intestinal flora may affect the biological process of CRC by regulating immune cell infiltration and immune gene expression, but further experiments are needed to confirm this.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Body Mass Index; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Overweight; Colorectal Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38331839
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04903-7 -
Pharmacological Research Jun 2024In recent years several experimental observations demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a role in regulating positively or negatively metabolic homeostasis....
In recent years several experimental observations demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a role in regulating positively or negatively metabolic homeostasis. Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a Tryptophan catabolic product mainly produced by C. Sporogenes, has been recently shown to exert either favorable or unfavorable effects in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We performed a study to delineate clinical and multiomics characteristics of human subjects characterized by low and high IPA levels. Subjects with low IPA blood levels showed insulin resistance, overweight, low-grade inflammation, and features of metabolic syndrome compared to those with high IPA. Metabolomics analysis revealed that IPA was negatively correlated with leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism. Transcriptomics analysis in colon tissue revealed the enrichment of several signaling, regulatory, and metabolic processes. Metagenomics revealed several OTU of ruminococcus, alistipes, blautia, butyrivibrio and akkermansia were significantly enriched in IPA group while in IPA group Escherichia-Shigella, megasphera, and Desulfovibrio genus were more abundant. Next, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with IPA in a mouse model may recapitulate the observations of human subjects, at least in part. We found that a short treatment with IPA (4 days at 20/mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance and Akt phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle level, while regulating blood BCAA levels and gene expression in colon tissue, all consistent with results observed in human subjects stratified for IPA levels. Our results suggest that treatment with IPA may be considered a potential strategy to improve insulin resistance in subjects with dysbiosis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Female; Middle Aged; Insulin Resistance; Indoles; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Metabolomics; Mice; Adult; Metabolic Syndrome; Comorbidity; Muscle, Skeletal; Multiomics
PubMed: 38734193
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107207 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Understanding the relationships between social stress and the gastrointestinal microbiota, and how they influence host health and performance is expected to have many...
Understanding the relationships between social stress and the gastrointestinal microbiota, and how they influence host health and performance is expected to have many scientific and commercial implementations in different species, including identification and improvement of challenges to animal welfare and health. In particular, the study of the stress impact on the gastrointestinal microbiota of pigs may be of interest as a model for human health. A porcine stress model based on repeated regrouping and reduced space allowance during the last 4 weeks of the finishing period was developed to identify stress-induced changes in the gut microbiome composition. The application of the porcine stress model resulted in a significant increase in salivary cortisol concentration over the course of the trial and decreased growth performance and appetite. The applied social stress resulted in 32 bacteria being either enriched (13) or depleted (19) in the intestine and feces. Fecal samples showed a greater number of microbial genera influenced by stress than caecum or colon samples. Our trial revealed that the opportunistic pathogens and were enriched in colonic and fecal samples from stressed pigs. Additionally, genera such as , , , , , and were found to be enriched in response to social stress. In contrast, the genera , , , , , , and were depleted. These depleted bacteria are of great interest because they synthesize metabolites [e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), in particular, butyrate] showing beneficial health benefits due to inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria in different animal species. Of particular interest are and , as their depletion was identified in a human study to be associated with inferior quality of life and depression. We also revealed that some pigs were more susceptible to pathogens as indicated by large enrichments of opportunistic pathogens of and . Generally, our results provide further evidence for the microbiota-gut-brain axis as indicated by an increase in cortisol concentration due to social stress regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and a change in microbiota composition, particularly of bacteria known to be associated with pathogenicity and mental health diseases.
PubMed: 38029169
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197371 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The intricate interplay between gut microbiota and hyperuricemia remains a subject of growing interest. However, existing studies only provided snapshots of the gut...
INTRODUCTION
The intricate interplay between gut microbiota and hyperuricemia remains a subject of growing interest. However, existing studies only provided snapshots of the gut microbiome at single time points, the temporal dynamics of gut microbiota alterations during hyperuricemia progression and the intricate interplay between the gut barrier and microbiota remain underexplored. Our investigation revealed compelling insights into the dynamic changes in both gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function throughout the course of hyperuricemia.
METHODS
The hyperuricemia mice (HY) were given intragastric administration of adenine and potassium oxalate. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the start of the modeling process. Intestinal permeability as well as LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were measured at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days.
RESULTS
We discovered that shifts in microbial community composition occur prior to the onset of hyperuricemia, key bacterial , , and exhibited reduced levels, potentially fueling microbial dysbiosis as the disease progresses. During the course of hyperuricemia, the dynamic fluctuations in both uric acid levels and intestinal barrier function was accompanied with the depletion of key beneficial bacteria, including , , , , and , and coincided with an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as and . This microbial community shift likely contributed to elevated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, ultimately promoting metabolic inflammation. The decline of and was inversely related to uric acid levels, Conversely, key families , , genera exhibited positive correlations with uric acid levels. and demonstrating negative correlations, while LPS-containing microbiota such as and exhibited positive correlations with intestinal permeability.
CONCLUSION
In summary, this study offers a dynamic perspective on the complex interplay between gut microbiota, uric acid levels, and intestinal barrier function during hyperuricemia progression. Our study suggested that Ruminiclostridium, Bacteroides, Akkermansiaceae, Bilophila, Burkholderiaceae and Parasutterella were the key bacteria that play vital rols in the progress of hyperuricemia and compromised intestinal barrier, which provide a potential avenue for therapeutic interventions in hyperuricemia.
PubMed: 38088975
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287468 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Oct 2023Ruda-6 (RD-6), a typical traditional Mongolian medicine formulae consisting of 6 herbs, has been traditionally used in treating gastric disorders. Even though it has...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Ruda-6 (RD-6), a typical traditional Mongolian medicine formulae consisting of 6 herbs, has been traditionally used in treating gastric disorders. Even though it has been shown to protect against gastric ulcers (GU) in animal models, the gut microbiome and serum metabololite-related mechanisms that prevent GU are not well understood.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This study was conducted to evaluate the gastroprotective mechanism of RD-6 associated with the alteration of the gut microbiome and serum metabolic profiles in GU rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RD-6 (0.27, 1.35 and 2.7 g/kg) or ranitidine (40 mg/kg) were orally administered in rats for three weeks before the induction of gastric ulcer using indomethacin (30 mg/kg, single oral dose). The gastric ulcer index, ulcer area, H&E staining, and the levels of TNF-α, iNOS, MPO and MDA were quantified to evaluate the ulcer inhibitory effects of RD-6. Then, 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with LC-MS metabolic profiling was performed to investigate the effect of RD-6 on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in rats. Moreover, a spearman analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the different microbiota and the metabolites.
RESULTS
RD-6 inhibited the gastric lesion damage caused by indomethacin in rats, decreased the ulcer index by 50.29% (p < 0.05), reduced the levels of TNF-α, iNOS, MDA and MPO in gastric tissue. Additionally, RD-6 reshaped the diversity and microbial composition, and reversed the reduced bacteria including [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum group, Sellimonas, Desulfovibrio, and UCG-009, and the increased bacteria Aquamicrobium caused by indomethacin induction. Furthermore, RD-6 regulated the levels of metabolites including amino acids and organic acids, and these affected metabolites were involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. Spearman analysis revealed that the perturbed gut microbiota were closely related to the changes in differential serum metabolites.
CONCLUSION
In view of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and LC-MS metabolic results, the present study suggests the mechanism of RD-6 ameliorating GU via modulating intestinal microbiota and their metabolites.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Indomethacin; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Stomach Ulcer; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional; Ulcer; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Metabolomics
PubMed: 37196816
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116545 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of gut microbiota on the development of obesity. In this study, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to...
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have demonstrated the influence of gut microbiota on the development of obesity. In this study, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the gut microbiota characteristics among different types of obese patients, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and provide novel insights for obesity treatment.
METHODS
Two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to assess causal relationships between gut microbiota and various obesity subtypes. Gut microbiota data were obtained from the international consortium MiBioGen, and data on obese individuals were sourced from the Finnish National Biobank FinnGen. Eligible single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Various analytical methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, MR-RAPS, and Lasso regression, were applied. Sensitivity analyses for quality control included MR-Egger intercept tests, Cochran's Q tests, and leave-one-out analyses and others.
RESULTS
Mendelian randomization studies revealed distinct gut microbiota profiles among European populations with different obesity subtypes. Following multivariable MR analysis, we found that [: 0.842, : 0.766-0.926, Adjusted value: 0.028] independently reduced the risk of obesity induced by excessive calorie intake, while [: 4.252, : 2.177-8.307, Adjusted value: 0.002] independently increased the risk of medication-induced obesity. For localized adiposity, [: 0.213, : 0.115-0.395, Adjusted value: <0.001] acted as a protective factor. In the case of extreme obesity with alveolar hypoventilation, [: 0.724, : 0.609-0.860, Adjusted value: 0.035] reduced the risk of its occurrence. Additionally, six gut microbiota may have potential roles in the onset of different types of obesity. Specifically, the torques group may increase the risk of its occurrence. and may serve as protective factors in the onset of Drug-induced obesity. , , and , on the other hand, could potentially increase the risk of Drug-induced obesity. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy among SNPs was found in the above studies (all values for Q test and MR-Egger intercept > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiota abundance is causally related to obesity, with distinct gut microbiota profiles observed among different obesity subtypes. Four bacterial species, including , , and independently influence the development of various types of obesity. Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation may represent a novel approach in future obesity management.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Obesity; Actinomycetaceae; Bacteroidetes; Clostridiales; Lactobacillus; Nonoxynol; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38375360
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1352109 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023During weaning, piglets experience various stressor events that disrupt their gut microbiota and immune balance, decrease growth parameters, and increase mortality...
During weaning, piglets experience various stressor events that disrupt their gut microbiota and immune balance, decrease growth parameters, and increase mortality rates. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of CACC616 as a probiotic supplement. We characterized this strain and evaluated its effect on improving growth performance, modulating gut microbiota composition, and reducing noxious odor components in weaned piglets compared to a non-supplementary diet (control). During the 26-day period, 40 crossbred weaned piglets were randomly assigned to pens with 20 animals each in two groups: control and treatment groups with CACC616. On day 26, the treatment group exhibited a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and a significant alteration in gut microbial composition, correlating with improved growth parameters and gut health ( < 0.05). The treatment group also exhibited significantly reduced digestibility- and intestinal-environment-related noxious odor components ( < 0.05). The CACC616 strain effectively reduced pathogenic genera numbers, including , , and spp., with the treatment group exhibiting lower fecal calprotectin levels than the control group ( < 0.05). Overall, this study revealed that the functional probiotic CACC616 contributes to enhanced FCR and effectively modulates weaned piglets' inflammation and intestinal microbiota.
PubMed: 38138034
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122890 -
Veterinary Sciences Sep 2023There is growing interest in the application of fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) in small animal medicine, but there are few published studies that have tested their...
There is growing interest in the application of fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) in small animal medicine, but there are few published studies that have tested their effects in the domestic cat (). Here we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine fecal microbiome changes in 46 domestic cats with chronic digestive issues that received FMTs using lyophilized stool that was delivered in oral capsules. Fecal samples were collected from FMT recipients before and two weeks after the end of the full course of 50 capsules, as well as from their stool donors (N = 10), and other healthy cats (N = 113). The fecal microbiomes of FMT recipients varied with host clinical signs and dry kibble consumption, and shifts in the relative abundances of , , , and were observed after FMT. Overall, donors shared 13% of their bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with FMT recipients and the most commonly shared ASVs were classified as 9, , , and . Lastly, the fecal microbiomes of cats with diarrhea became more similar to the microbiomes of age-matched and diet-matched healthy cats compared to cats with constipation. Overall, our results suggest that microbiome responses to FMT may be modulated by the FMT recipient's initial presenting clinical signs, diet, and their donor's microbiome.
PubMed: 37756083
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090561 -
Nutrients Sep 2023leaves (AAL) are an excellent source of bioactive components for the food industry and possess many functional properties. However, the hypoglycemic effect and...
leaves (AAL) are an excellent source of bioactive components for the food industry and possess many functional properties. However, the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of AAL remain unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential hypoglycemic effect of AAL and explore its possible mechanism using 16S rRNA sequencing and serum metabolomics in diabetic mice induced by high-fat feeding in combination with streptozotocin injection. A total of 25 flavonoids from AAL were isolated and characterized, and the contents of the extract from the AAL ranged from 0.14 mg/g DW to 8.97 mg/g DW. The compound quercetin (2) had the highest content of 8.97 ± 0.09 mg/g DW, and the compound kaempferol-3--(2'--D-glucopyl)-β-D-rutinoside (12) had the lowest content of 0.14 ± 0.01 mg/g DW. In vivo experimental studies showed that AAL reduced blood glucose and cholesterol levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated oxidative stress and liver and kidney pathological damage. In addition, gut microbiota analysis found that AAL significantly reduced the F/B ratio, enriched the beneficial bacteria Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, and inhibited the harmful bacteria Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio, thereby playing an active role in intestinal imbalance. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed that AAL could improve amino acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, thereby exerting a hypoglycemic effect. This study confirmed that AAL can alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by regulating intestinal flora and interfering with related metabolic pathways, providing a scientific basis for its use as a dietary supplement and for further exploration of the mechanism of AAL against T2DM.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Hypoglycemic Agents; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Actinidia; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Metabolomics
PubMed: 37836402
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194115