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Research on Child and Adolescent... Dec 2023Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and other adversities in the home context and beyond (e.g., witnessing domestic violence; parental... (Review)
Review
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and other adversities in the home context and beyond (e.g., witnessing domestic violence; parental mental illness; parental separation; living in a disadvantaged neighborhood) are prevalent in the population and often covary together. Research based on the construct of ACEs has transformed the field of adult mental health, yet child and adolescent mental health has often been overlooked in this work. This special issue of Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology focuses on the developmental science of ACEs and child psychopathology. The research presented here draws on the extensive evidence base that now exists regarding the co-occurrence of common childhood adversities, while informing the integration of theory and research on ACEs with that of developmental psychopathology at large. This Introduction provides an overview of ACEs and child mental health from a developmental psychopathology perspective, with an emphasis on key concepts and recent progress spanning the prenatal period through to adolescence and intergenerational pathways. Models of ACEs that emphasize the multi-dimensional nature of adversity and the importance of developmental timing to risk and protective pathways, have played a driving role in this progress. Methodological innovations in this work are highlighted, along with implications for prevention and intervention.
Topics: Child; Adult; Female; Pregnancy; Adolescent; Humans; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Mental Disorders; Domestic Violence; Child Abuse; Psychopathology
PubMed: 37421507
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01100-w -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023We review the development of clinical staging models of schizophrenia, which has developed as a logical extension of the Neuro-developmental theory of Schizophrenia. The... (Review)
Review
We review the development of clinical staging models of schizophrenia, which has developed as a logical extension of the Neuro-developmental theory of Schizophrenia. The staging approach, which involves assessing a disorder based on its severity, scope, progression, and characteristics, is gaining growing recognition in the fields of clinical psychology and psychiatry. We review the development of clinical staging models of schizophrenia, which has developed as a logical extension of the Neuro-developmental theory of Schizophrenia. The development of these clinical staging models should be based also on the neuroimaging dana, since this implies actual changes within the brain. There still are some difficulties with these models, but they are gradually providing both more logical ways of understanding the development of psychotic illness and more effective ways of treatment. The Models have contributed to research in several areas of psychiatry.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Brain; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 37800211
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Cognitive psychology began over three-quarters of a century ago and we have learned a great deal in that time, including concerning the development of cognitive... (Review)
Review
Cognitive psychology began over three-quarters of a century ago and we have learned a great deal in that time, including concerning the development of cognitive abilities such as perception, attention, and memory, all of which develop across infancy and childhood. Attention is one aspect of cognition that is vital to success in a variety of life activities and, arguably, the foundation of memory, learning, problem solving, decision making, and other cognitive activities. The cognitive abilities of later childhood and adulthood generally appear to depend on the reflexes, abilities, and skills of infancy. Research in developmental cognitive science can help us understand adult cognition and know when to intervene when cognitive function is at risk. This area of research can be challenging because, even in typical development, the course of cognitive development for a particular child does not always improve monotonically. In addition, the typical trajectory of this development has been understood differently from different historical perspectives. Neither the history of thought that has led to our current understanding of attention (including its various types) nor the importance of developmental aspects of attention are frequently covered in training early career researchers, especially those whose primary area of research in not attention. My goal is to provide a review that will be useful especially to those new to research in the subfield of attention. Sustained attention in adults and children has been well-studied, but a review of the history of thought on the development of reflexive attention with a focus on infancy is overdue. Therefore, I draw primarily on historical and modern literature and clarify confusing terminology as it has been used over time. I conclude with examples of how cognitive development research can contribute to scientific and applied progress.
PubMed: 37680236
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1206045 -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2023Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic disorder with delays in language and cognitive development, but, with increased awareness of clinical features and a...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare genetic disorder with delays in language and cognitive development, but, with increased awareness of clinical features and a reliable diagnostic test, WBS is becoming more widely recognized in childhood. Adaptive behavior skills and/or maladaptive behavior are important for the prognosis of individuals with WBS. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and developmental characteristics of patients with WBS and further increase awareness about it by evaluating the adaptive skills and maladaptive behaviors of the patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data of WBS patients followed-up at the Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Unit were reviewed. Patient data on perinatal and postnatal history, developmental stages, physical and neurological examination findings were collected. The International Guide for Monitoring Child Development (GMCD) was administered to each child. In addition, semistructured interviews were conducted with the parents using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second edition (Vineland-II).
RESULTS
A total of 12 patients diagnosed with WBS via detection of the 7q11.23 deletion, of whom 6 were girls, were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at the time of review was 54.6 ± 32.5 months. The mean age at first presentation to the Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Outpatient Clinic was 15 ± 11.5 months. In the first developmental evaluation using the GMCD, there was a delay in fine and gross motor domains in 6 patients, in the language domains in 4 patients, and in all of the domains in 2 patients. Findings with Vineland-II showed socialization and communication domains as strengths, but the daily living skills and motor skills domains were weaknesses. In terms of maladaptive behavior, the patients tended to frequently have behavioral problems, neurodevelopmental disease, anxiety disorders, eating problems, and sleeping problems.
CONCLUSION
This retrospective review of 12 patients indicated a general delay in overall development, and confirmed impairment in both adaptive and maladaptive functioning in WBS.
Topics: Humans; Williams Syndrome; Female; Child, Preschool; Male; Infant; Retrospective Studies; Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Child Development
PubMed: 38812996
DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5701 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Sep 2023Parental depression is a common and potent risk factor for depression in offspring. However, the developmental course of depression from childhood to early-adulthood has...
BACKGROUND
Parental depression is a common and potent risk factor for depression in offspring. However, the developmental course of depression from childhood to early-adulthood has not been characterized in this high-risk group.
METHODS
Using longitudinal data from 337 young people who had a parent with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD), we characterized trajectories of broadly defined depressive disorder using latent class growth analysis. We used clinical descriptions to further characterise trajectory classes.
RESULTS
Two trajectory classes were identified: childhood-emerging (25 %) and adulthood-emerging (75 %). The childhood-emerging class showed high rates of depressive disorder from age 12.5, which persisted through the study period. The adulthood-emerging class showed low rates of depressive disorder until age 26. Individual factors (IQ and ADHD symptoms) and parent depression severity (comorbidity, persistence and impairment) differentiated the classes but there were no differences in family history score or polygenic scores associated with psychiatric disorder. Clinical descriptions indicated functional impairment in both classes, but more severe symptomatology and impairment in the childhood-emerging class.
LIMITATIONS
Attrition particularly affected participation in young adulthood. Factors associated with attrition were low family income, single parent household status and low parental education.
CONCLUSIONS
The developmental course of depressive disorder in children of depressed parents is variable. When followed up to adult life, most individuals exhibited some functional impairment. An earlier age-of-onset was associated with a more persistent and impairing course of depression. Access to effective prevention strategies is particularly warranted for at-risk young people showing early-onsetting and persistent depressive symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Young Adult; Adolescent; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Comorbidity; Parents; Risk Factors; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 37224886
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.063 -
Research on Child and Adolescent... Nov 2023Psychopathology in youth is highly prevalent and associated with psychopathology in adulthood. However, the developmental trajectories of psychopathology symptoms,...
Psychopathology in youth is highly prevalent and associated with psychopathology in adulthood. However, the developmental trajectories of psychopathology symptoms, including potential gender differences, are markedly underspecified. The present study employed a directed network approach to investigate longitudinal relationships and gender differences among eight transdiagnostic symptom domains across three years, in a homogenous age sample of youth participants (n = 6,414; mean baseline age = 10.0 years; 78.6% White; Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study). Anxious/depressed problems and aggressive behaviors were central symptoms and most predictive of increases in other symptom clusters at later timepoints. Rule-breaking behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and withdrawn/depressed problems emerged as bridge symptoms between externalizing and internalizing problems. Results supported cascade models in which externalizing problems predicted future internalizing problems, but internalizing problems also significantly predicted future externalizing problems, which is contrary to cascade models. Network structure, symptom centrality, and patterns of bridge symptoms differed between female and male participants, suggesting gender differences in the developmental trajectories of youth psychopathology. Results provide new insights into symptom trajectories and associated gender differences that may provide promising pathways for understanding disorder (dis)continuity and co-occurrence. The central and bridge symptoms identified here may have important implications for screening and early intervention for youth psychopathology.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adolescent; Child; Sex Factors; Psychopathology; Aggression; Anxiety; Brain
PubMed: 37548898
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01106-4 -
American Journal of Speech-language... Jul 2023The aim of this study is to share the lived experiences of an adult with developmental language disorder (DLD) and relate her experience to the evidence base and issues...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to share the lived experiences of an adult with developmental language disorder (DLD) and relate her experience to the evidence base and issues in clinical practice.
METHOD
We co-wrote a first-person account grounded in the research literature. We organized the account into six main sections: (a) the early signs of DLD; (b) diagnosis; (c) treatment; (d) the impact of DLD on family relationships, social-emotional health, and academic performance; and (e) considerations for practicing speech-language pathologists. We close with (f) the first author's current perspective on life with DLD.
CONCLUSIONS
The first author was diagnosed with moderate-to-severe DLD in early childhood, and she continues to exhibit subtle and occasional symptoms of DLD as an adult. At specific points in development, her family relationships were disrupted and her social, emotional, and academic functions were disabled, particularly in the school context. Supportive adults, especially her mother and her speech-language pathologist, helped lessen these impacts. DLD and its consequences also positively influenced her worldview and professional choices. The precise nature of her DLD and her experiences around the disorder will not be true of everyone with DLD. Nevertheless, the broad themes that emerge from her narrative are reflected in the evidence base and thus are likely applicable to many individuals with DLD or other neurodevelopmental conditions.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Child, Preschool; Language Development Disorders; Communication Disorders; Emotions; Language
PubMed: 37195674
DOI: 10.1044/2023_AJSLP-22-00247 -
Neuron Apr 2024Human episodic memory is not functionally evident until about 2 years of age and continues to develop into the school years. Behavioral studies have elucidated this... (Review)
Review
Human episodic memory is not functionally evident until about 2 years of age and continues to develop into the school years. Behavioral studies have elucidated this developmental timeline and its constituent processes. In tandem, lesion and neurophysiological studies in non-human primates and rodents have identified key neural substrates and circuit mechanisms that may underlie episodic memory development. Despite this progress, collaborative efforts between psychologists and neuroscientists remain limited, hindering progress. Here, we seek to bridge human and non-human episodic memory development research by offering a comparative review of studies using humans, non-human primates, and rodents. We highlight critical theoretical and methodological issues that limit cross-fertilization and propose a common research framework, adaptable to different species, that may facilitate cross-species research endeavors.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Memory, Episodic; Primates; Behavior, Animal; Hippocampus
PubMed: 38359826
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.020 -
Integrative Psychological & Behavioral... Dec 2023Werner Greve argues for an abstract and integrative theory of development; to progress toward such a theory, he suggests that evolutionary psychology can provide...
Werner Greve argues for an abstract and integrative theory of development; to progress toward such a theory, he suggests that evolutionary psychology can provide concepts for a processual approach to adaptation. To complement this perspective, I propose to start where the author finishes: the need to further qualify change, and to account for information. Considering ruptures and sense-making as cornerstones of a developmental approach, I recall that open dynamic approaches offer a meta-theoretical frame for an integrative developmental psychology, and that cultural approaches already and always account for meaning-making to start with. Assuming these two givens, a variety of integrative propositions account for stability and change; I present an historical example, the work of Gordon Allport, and a current one, our work as sociocultural psychologists, to show how the theoretical and heuristic interest of this proposition.
PubMed: 37273099
DOI: 10.1007/s12124-023-09783-y -
Clinical Pediatrics Sep 2023The Development and Behavior Access Clinic (DBAC) deploys a general pediatrician with brief/intensive training and proctoring by developmental-behavioral pediatricians...
The Development and Behavior Access Clinic (DBAC) deploys a general pediatrician with brief/intensive training and proctoring by developmental-behavioral pediatricians (DBP) to provide developmental-behavioral (DB) care to children referred with mild/moderate complexity needs as determined by a team of clinical psychologists. This pilot study utilizes visit data, chart review, and surveys to assess wait times, need for subspecialty care, and referring clinician satisfaction. In its first 18 months, DBAC decreased the need for subspecialty DB care, providing initial services for 44% of patients referred for DB pediatric care from the study site; 89% did not require subsequent subspecialty evaluation. Among DBAC participants, average wait times for DB care decreased from a baseline of 218 to 41 calendar days. This pilot study provides a model for building DB clinical skills among interested general pediatricians, decreasing wait times, and building the capacity of primary care settings to address mild-to-moderate complexity DB concerns.
Topics: Humans; Child; Capacity Building; Pediatricians; Primary Health Care; Psychology, Clinical; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Health Workforce; Pilot Projects; Adult; Middle Aged
PubMed: 36609195
DOI: 10.1177/00099228221147753