-
Neurological Sciences : Official... Oct 2023Neurological deterioration, soon after anti-copper treatment initiation, is problematic in the management of Wilson's disease (WD) and yet reports in the literature are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Neurological deterioration, soon after anti-copper treatment initiation, is problematic in the management of Wilson's disease (WD) and yet reports in the literature are limited. The aim of our study was to systematically assess the data according to early neurological deteriorations in WD, its outcome and risk factors.
METHODS
Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of available data on early neurological deteriorations was performed by searching the PubMed database and reference lists. Random effects meta-analytic models summarized cases of neurological deterioration by disease phenotype.
RESULTS
Across the 32 included articles, 217 cases of early neurological deterioration occurred in 1512 WD patients (frequency 14.3%), most commonly in patients with neurological WD (21.8%; 167/763), rarely in hepatic disease (1.3%; 5/377), and with no cases among asymptomatic individuals. Most neurological deterioration occurred in patients treated with d-penicillamine (70.5%; 153/217), trientine (14.2%; 31/217) or zinc salts (6.9%; 15/217); the data did not allow to determine if that reflects how often treatments were chosen as first line therapy or if the risk of deterioration differed with therapy. Symptoms completely resolved in 24.2% of patients (31/128), resolved partially in 27.3% (35/128), did not improve in 39.8% (51/128), with 11 patients lost to follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Given its occurrence in up to 21.8% of patients with neurological WD in this meta-analysis of small studies, there is a need for further investigations to distinguish the natural time course of WD from treatment-related early deterioration and to develop a standard definition for treatment-induced effects.
Topics: Humans; Hepatolenticular Degeneration; Penicillamine; Trientine; Copper; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 37311952
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06895-6 -
RNA (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2023Assemblysomes are EDTA- and RNase-resistant ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of paused ribosomes with protruding nascent polypeptide chains. They have been described in...
Assemblysomes are EDTA- and RNase-resistant ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of paused ribosomes with protruding nascent polypeptide chains. They have been described in yeast and human cells for the proteasome subunit Rpt1, and the disordered amino-terminal part of the nascent chain was found to be indispensable for the accumulation of the Rpt1-RNP into assemblysomes. Motivated by this, to find other assemblysome-associated RNPs we used bioinformatics to rank subunits of protein complexes according to their amino-terminal disorder propensity. The results revealed that gene products involved in DNA repair are enriched among the top candidates. The Sgs1 DNA helicase was chosen for experimental validation. We found that indeed nascent chains of Sgs1 form EDTA-resistant RNP condensates, assemblysomes by definition. Moreover, upon exposure to UV, mRNA shifted from assemblysomes to polysomes, suggesting that external stimuli are regulators of assemblysome dynamics. We extended our studies to human cell lines. The BLM helicase, ortholog of yeast Sgs1, was identified upon sequencing assemblysome-associated RNAs from the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line, and mRNAs encoding DNA repair proteins were overall enriched. Using the radiation-resistant A549 cell line, we observed by transmission electron microscopy that 1,6-hexanediol, an agent known to disrupt phase-separated condensates, depletes ring ribosome structures compatible with assemblysomes from the cytoplasm of cells and makes the cells more sensitive to X-ray treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that assemblysomes may be a component of the DNA damage response from yeast to human.
Topics: Humans; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; RecQ Helicases; Edetic Acid; DNA Damage; RNA; Ribonucleoproteins; Ribosomes
PubMed: 37460154
DOI: 10.1261/rna.079755.123 -
European Review For Medical and... Nov 2023Early childhood caries is a common condition that poses a serious risk to children's health because it can progress quickly, resulting in pain, abscesses, and a general...
OBJECTIVE
Early childhood caries is a common condition that poses a serious risk to children's health because it can progress quickly, resulting in pain, abscesses, and a general decline in health. As a result, invasive therapies are needed, which call for highly skilled personnel. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the most recent and widely applied early childhood caries (ECC) prevention and treatment approaches. Only substances that act topically and minimally invasive interventions were considered.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The database search was restricted to randomized clinical trials completed within the last five years, specifically those that examined the following procedures: sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, alternative restorative technique (ART), nano-silver fluoride, silver diamine fluoride, and silver modified atraumatic restorative treatment sealants (SMART).
RESULTS
A total of 815 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 584 articles were included, and 567 of them were excluded due to not meeting the predefined inclusion criteria.
CONCLUSIONS
Every method considered has been proven to be successful in halting the progression of ECC and is well-liked by patients, even those who are unwilling to cooperate, as well as by parents. The most common unfavorable effect of SDF is irreversible black discoloration in treated tooth surfaces, but this is typically not a problem. They are all low-cost, minimally invasive techniques that might also be widely used in large communities and low socioeconomic settings.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Sodium Fluoride
PubMed: 38039039
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202311_34477 -
International Dental Journal Oct 2023This clinical trial aimed to compare the caries-preventive effect of annual application of 38% silver diamine fluoride solution (SDF) with 5% sodium fluoride varnish... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This clinical trial aimed to compare the caries-preventive effect of annual application of 38% silver diamine fluoride solution (SDF) with 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV) to the anterior primary teeth of children. The hypothesis was that SDF was superior to FV at 1 year. Secondary objectives were to determine the child's cooperation and the parent's satisfaction and assess adverse effects.
METHOD
We recruited 688 3- to 4-year-old children and randomly allocated them to receive SDF or FV (positive control) on their 6 upper anterior teeth. Tooth-surface status was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled surfaces index. A trained observer rated the child's cooperation as "totally cooperative" or "not totally cooperative." We used a questionnaire to determine the parent's satisfaction as "satisfied," "neutral," or "dissatisfied." Adverse effects (yes/no) were evaluated 1 day and about 1 year after treatment.
RESULTS
Of the children, 434 (SDF, n = 209; FV, n = 225) completed the trial. The mean new decayed tooth surfaces developed for SDF and FV groups were 0.4 ± 1.5 and 0.4 ± 1.3, respectively (P = .65). Child's cooperation for SDF and FV therapy was 71% (244/344) and 70% (241/344), respectively (P = .89). Parent's satisfaction for SDF and FV therapy was 71% (148/209) and 69% (155/225), respectively (P = .29). Adverse effects were found neither at 1 day nor at about 1 year after treatment for either treatment arm.
CONCLUSIONS
SDF is not superior to FV for caries prevention in primary upper anterior teeth at 1-year follow-up. Child's cooperation and parent's satisfaction were similarly high with SDF and FV therapy at 1-year follow-up. Neither short-term nor long-term adverse effects were observed. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04399369).
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Fluorides, Topical; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Caries; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
PubMed: 36682908
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.12.005 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Skin photoaging due to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy...
Skin photoaging due to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT), in addition to being the first-line treatment for malignancies, has been shown to lessen skin photoaging, while curcumin is well known for reducing the deleterious effects of ROS. In the current study, PDT with three novel Ce6-curcumin derivatives, a combination of Ce6 and curcumin with various linkers, including propane-1,3-diamine for Ce6-propane-curcumin; hexane-1,6-diamine for Ce6-hexane-curcumin; and 3,3'-((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propan-1-amine) for Ce6-dipolyethylene glycol (diPEG)-curcumin, were studied for regulation of UVB-induced photoaging on human skin fibroblast (Hs68) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (BALB/c 3T3) cells. We assessed the antiphotoaging effects of Ce6-curcumin derivatives on cell viability, antioxidant activity, the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 2 (MMP-2) expression, and collagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated in vitro models. All three Ce6-curcumin derivatives were found to be non-phototoxic in the neutral red uptake phototoxicity test. We found that Ce6-hexane-curcumin-PDT and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT exhibited less cytotoxicity in Hs68 and BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cell lines compared to Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT. Ce6-diPEG-curcumin and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT showed superior antioxidant activity in Hs68 cell lines. Further, in UVB-irradiated in vitro models, the Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT greatly attenuated the expression levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Ce6-diPEG-curcumin effectively inhibited inflammatory molecules, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, while accelerating collagen synthesis. These results demonstrate that Ce6-diPEG-curcumin may be a potential therapy for treating skin photoaging.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Curcumin; Hexanes; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Antioxidants; Propane; Reactive Oxygen Species; Fibroblasts; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Glycols; Photochemotherapy; Collagen
PubMed: 37686273
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713468 -
F1000Research 2023This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate fluoride Varnish... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Preventive efficacy of 38% silver diamine fluoride and CPP-ACP fluoride varnish on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization in children: A randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate fluoride Varnish (CPP-ACPFV) in preventing caries development, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children.
METHODS
A total of 100 children aged 6 to 9 years were enrolled in the study with two contralateral permanent molars mildly affected by MIH. Affected molars were randomly and equally assigned to receive either SDF or CPP-ACPFV treatment. The interventions were applied at four different time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9 months), and the incidence of caries, caries progression, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity were assessed.
RESULTS
The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the incidence of caries between the groups treated with SDF and CPP-ACPFV ( -value < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in caries progression between the two groups ( -value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in enamel breakdown scores between the treatment groups, as the majority of teeth in both groups exhibited a score of 0. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in sensitivity between the treatment groups throughout the study period.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that molars treated with SDF demonstrated a lower incidence of caries and a higher rate of caries arrest compared to those treated with CPP-ACPFV. Both interventions showed promise in preventing enamel breakdown and improving sensitivity. These findings highlight the potential of SDF and CPP-ACPFV as effective treatments for caries prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and appropriate dental care strategies in maintaining oral health.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ISRCTN54243749 (13/01/2022).
Topics: Humans; Silver Compounds; Child; Female; Male; Fluorides, Topical; Caseins; Molar; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Treatment Outcome; Molar Hypomineralization
PubMed: 38778809
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.136653.2 -
International Dental Journal Oct 2023Early childhood caries (ECC) is prevalent and affects more than half of 5-year-old children in Hong Kong. This study aims to report the development of an outreach dental...
Early childhood caries (ECC) is prevalent and affects more than half of 5-year-old children in Hong Kong. This study aims to report the development of an outreach dental service using silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to arrest ECC amongst kindergarten children in Hong Kong. A pilot outreach service was initiated in 2008 in 14 kindergartens. The pilot service provided screening to 1,749 3- to 5-year-old children. SDF was applied to 3,262 carious teeth of 786 children with parental consent. No significant complications were reported. The pilot service's success allowed the service to expand to 100 kindergartens in 2013. From 2010 to 2019, the service delivered 161,354 dental screenings and SDF therapy on 218,333 carious primary teeth in 53,821 children. ECC prevalence amongst the participating children declined from 43% in 2010 to 34% in 2019. A follow-up of 222 3-year-old children revealed that annual SDF therapy arrested 67% of ECC over 3 years. The children's participation rate and their parents' satisfaction rate with the service were greater than 90% each year. Moreover, the acceptance rate of SDF therapy to control ECC was 88%, although SDF stained carious lesions black. No adverse effects of SDF therapy were reported. A cross-sectional survey on a sample of 498 3- to 5-year-old children showed that 96% of the participating children had no dental fear or anxiety in this service, with encouragement and support from their peers and teachers. In 2019, the service was made available to all 1,024 kindergartens in Hong Kong. This kindergarten outreach dental service (Case Study HKU/04/003) was selected as an Impact Case Study in the thematic report "Health & Healthcare" by the Hong Kong University Grant Council (UGC). The UGC publishes thematic reports to give members of the public some concrete idea on what contributions academic research has brought to the society.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Schools; Dental Caries
PubMed: 37612156
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.169 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2023Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) complex bacteria cause opportunistic infections in humans. Treatment yields cure rates of 60% and consists of a macrolide, a rifamycin,...
OBJECTIVES
Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) complex bacteria cause opportunistic infections in humans. Treatment yields cure rates of 60% and consists of a macrolide, a rifamycin, and ethambutol, and in severe cases, amikacin. Mechanisms of antibiotic tolerance remain mostly unknown. Therefore, we studied the contribution of efflux and amikacin modification to antibiotic susceptibility.
METHODS
We characterised M. avium ABC transporters and studied their expression together with other transporters following exposure to clarithromycin, amikacin, ethambutol, and rifampicin. We determined the effect of combining the efflux pump inhibitors berberine, verapamil and CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone), to study the role of efflux on susceptibility. Finally, we studied the modification of amikacin by M. avium using metabolomic analysis.
RESULTS
Clustering shows conservation between M. avium and M. tuberculosis and transporters from most bacterial subfamilies (2-6, 7a/b, 10-12) were found. The largest number of transporter encoding genes was up-regulated after clarithromycin exposure, and the least following amikacin exposure. Only berberine increased the susceptibility to clarithromycin. Finally, because of the limited effect of amikacin on transporter expression, we studied amikacin modification and showed that M. avium, in contrast to M. abscessus, is not able to modify amikacin.
CONCLUSION
We show that M. avium carries ABC transporters from all major families important for antibiotic efflux, including homologues shown to have affinity for drugs included in treatment. Efflux inhibition in M. avium can increase susceptibility, but this effect is efflux pump inhibitor- and antibiotic-specific. Finally, the lack of amikacin modifying activity in M. avium is important for its activity.
Topics: Humans; Amikacin; Mycobacterium avium; Clarithromycin; Ethambutol; Berberine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
PubMed: 37453496
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.007 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Feb 2024This study was aimed at comparing the performance of light-cured (LC) silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to non-LC SDF in dental applications, in terms of various properties. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study was aimed at comparing the performance of light-cured (LC) silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to non-LC SDF in dental applications, in terms of various properties.
METHODS
Articles published until April 2023 were retrieved from electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct) according to Boolean operators, and the reference lists of the included articles were manually searched. The included articles were all full-text, original studies in English that assessed the effects of LC SDF compared with SDF alone. The risk of bias in the in vitro studies on dental materials was evaluated with the modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist.
RESULTS
Six studies (five in vitro and one ex vivo) were included in qualitative analysis after a comprehensive manual search and electronic database search. Every study compared LC SDF versus non-LC SDF in terms of properties such as penetration depth, silver ion precipitation, dentine hardness, surface morphology and anti-bacterial characteristics. Four studies were categorised as low quality with a high risk of bias, whereas the remaining two studies were considered high quality with a low risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
In this investigation, LC SDF, compared with non-LC SDF, was found to be an efficacious approach for enhancing SDF properties. Future high-quality studies, particularly randomised clinical trials, remain necessary to verify these findings.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The use of light curing with SDF can be a beneficial strategy that enhances SDF's clinical use. This review comparing various properties of LC SDF and non-LC SDF may help clinicians enhance clinical use and patient acceptance of LC SDF.
PubMed: 37868099
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.003 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Histamine intolerance (HIT) is a clinical condition caused by decreased intestinal degradation of ingested histamine, primarily due to reduced enzyme diamine oxidase...
Histamine intolerance (HIT) is a clinical condition caused by decreased intestinal degradation of ingested histamine, primarily due to reduced enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, leading to histamine accumulation and causing various clinical manifestations. The measurement of serum DAO is commonly used as the main diagnostic test for HIT, although its diagnostic use is still uncertain. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the validity of DAO determination in patients with clinically suspected HIT. We measured DAO levels in 249 patients with suspected HIT and 50 healthy adult controls without HIT-related problems. Based on five clinical criteria, we divided patients into two groups: high (all five inclusion criteria; 41 patients) and low probability of HIT (≤4 inclusion criteria; 208 patients). Patients with a "high probability of HIT" had the lowest DAO (median: 8 U/mL, IQR: 6-10) in comparison to patients with a "low probability of HIT (median: 10 U/mL, IQR: 7-16, = 0.0006) and healthy controls (median: 18 U/mL, IQR: 14-22, < 0.0001). The specificity and sensitivity for DAO levels < 3/< 10 U/mL (manufacturer's set cut-off) to discriminate between patients with ''high probability of HIT'' and healthy controls were 100%/92% and 2%/71%. On the other hand, the specificity and sensitivity to discriminate between patients with ''high probability of HIT'' and ''low probability of HIT'' were 97%/61% and 2%/71%, respectively. Serum DAO determination represents an additional asset to the diagnosis of HIT based on clinical evaluation and assessment, but the diagnosis should not solely rely on DAO measurements.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Histamine; Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Retrospective Studies; Diagnostic Tests, Routine
PubMed: 37836530
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194246