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Treating hypersensitivity in older adults with silver diamine fluoride: A randomised clinical trial.Journal of Dentistry Sep 2023This study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of topically applied 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution on the exposed root surface of hypersensitive teeth... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of topically applied 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution on the exposed root surface of hypersensitive teeth in older adults.
METHOD
This double-blind randomised clinical trial recruited healthy older adults with dentine hypersensitivity. A trained examiner tested the most hypersensitive tooth root surface with a blast of compressed cold air from a three-in-one syringe. The participants gave a sensitivity score (SS) in visual analogue scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (agonizing) at the baseline visit. Then, they received 38% SDF or 5% potassium nitrate solution (control) as intervention on the root surface. After the intervention, they received a compressed cold air test and reported the SS again. The compressed cold air test followed by intervention was repeated at 4- and 8-week follow ups. The primary outcome was the reduction in SS at 8-week follow-up with reference to the SS at baseline before intervention. Shapiro-Wilk and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed for data analysis following a normality test of SS.
RESULTS
This trial recruited 148 participants, and 139 (94%) participants completed the trial. The median percentage reductions in SS in the SDF and potassium nitrate groups were 60% and 50%, respectively (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
According to the results, 38% SDF solution reduced hypersensitivity on the exposed root surface of older adults. In addition, 38% SDF was more effective than 5% potassium nitrate solution to reduce hypersensitivity on the exposed root surface of older adults.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Dentin hypersensitivity is common amongst older adults and negatively affects their quality of life. To date, there is no gold standard professionally applied desensitizing therapy in treating hypersensitivity. Evidence from this clinical trial could aid clinical practice and improve oral health in older adults.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05392868).
Topics: Humans; Aged; Sodium Fluoride; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Dentin Sensitivity; Silver Compounds; Double-Blind Method; Fluorides; Dentin Desensitizing Agents
PubMed: 37454789
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104616 -
Heliyon Oct 2023In this study, the chemical reduction method was applied to synthesize silver nanoparticles used to prepare conductive inks. The two variables of polyvinylpyrrolidone...
In this study, the chemical reduction method was applied to synthesize silver nanoparticles used to prepare conductive inks. The two variables of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)- mole in the 0.01-0.03 mol range and hydrazine reducing mole in the 0.1-0.5 mol range, along with constants such as precursor mole (silver nitrate), complexing mole (ethylene diamine) and solvent mole (water), were used. Nine random samples proposed by the Design Expert software were examined and studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were then used to characterize and evaluate the synthesized nanoparticles. According to the results obtained by XRD, FE-SEM and TEM analyses, the sample with 0.025 mol and 0.3 mol PVP had the minimum size of silver nanoparticles, which was around 20 nm, so it was chosen as the optimal sample for further research. The conductive ink was also prepared with the optimal sample of silver nanoparticles in 40% by weight and then characterized and evaluated by applying ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), FE-SEM and electrical conductivity analysis. Finally, conductive ink was applied to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) substrates. The surface electrical resistance of conductive ink on PET and ABS substrates was then measured at about 6.4 Ω and 2.2 Ω, respectively.
PubMed: 37822640
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20548 -
European Radiology Jul 2024To investigate the specific strengths of MRI and PET components in Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for staging of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the specific strengths of MRI and PET components in Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for staging of patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (PCa).
METHODS
Patients with biochemical recurrence of PCa and contrast-enhanced whole-body Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI including a dedicated pelvic multiparametric MRI were included in this retrospective study. Imaging datasets of MRI and PET were evaluated separately regarding local PCa recurrence (Tr), pelvic lymph node metastases (N1), distant lymph node metastases (M1a), bone metastases (M1b), and soft tissue metastases (M1c) according to PROMISE version 1. Data evaluation was performed patient- and region-/lesion-based. Cox regression revealed a PSA of 1.69 ng/mL as a cut-off for subgroup analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were evaluated for each image component. Differences in staging accuracy were assessed using the Wilcoxon and McNemar test.
RESULTS
Altogether 102 patients (mean aged 68 ± 8 years, median PSA 1.33 ng/mL) were included. PCa was found in 70/102 (68%) patients. Accuracy of MRI in the detection of Tr, N1, M + , M1a, and M1b was 100%, 79%, 90%, 97%, and 95% for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL and 100%, 87%, 87%, 91%, and 96% for PSA > 1.69 ng/mL. Accuracy of Ga-PSMA-11 PET was 93%, 97%, 93%, 98%, and 100% for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL and 87%, 91%, 96%, 100%, and 96% for PSA > 1.69 ng/mL.
CONCLUSIONS
Combined assessment of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI improves tumor localization in men with biochemical recurrence. The MRI detected local recurrence of PCa more often whereas Ga-PSMA-11 PET detected lymph node metastases more often, especially for PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
This study gives a scientific baseline to improve the understanding and reading of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI imaging in patients with biochemically recurrent PCa by showing the specific strength of each imaging component.
KEY POINTS
• Combining the individual modality strengths of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI improves tumor localization in men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. • MRI component of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI shows its strength in detecting local recurrence of prostate cancer, especially at PSA < 1.69 ng/mL. • Ga-PSMA-11 PET component shows its strength in detecting local and distant lymph node metastases, especially at PSA < 1.69 ng/mL.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Gallium Radioisotopes; Gallium Isotopes; Retrospective Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Edetic Acid; Oligopeptides; Multimodal Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity; Middle Aged; Radiopharmaceuticals; Neoplasm Staging; Lymphatic Metastasis; Prostate-Specific Antigen
PubMed: 38038758
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10442-4 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Sep 2023Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major public health problem in many high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing...
Genotypic and phenotypic comparison of drug resistance profiles of clinical multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using whole genome sequencing in Latvia.
BACKGROUND
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major public health problem in many high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) take several weeks or months to result, but line probe assays and Xpert/Rif Ultra assay detect a limited number of resistance conferring gene mutations. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is an advanced molecular testing method which theoretically can predict the resistance of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates to all anti-TB agents through a single analysis.
METHODS
Here, we aimed to identify the level of concordance between the phenotypic and WGS-based genotypic drug susceptibility (DS) patterns of MDR-TB isolates. Overall, data for 12 anti-TB medications were analyzed.
RESULTS
In total, 63 MDR-TB Mtb isolates were included in the analysis, representing 27.4% of the total number of MDR-TB cases in Latvia in 2012-2014. Among them, five different sublineages were detected, and 2.2.1 (Beijing group) and 4.3.3 (Latin American-Mediterranean group) were the most abundant. There were 100% agreement between phenotypic and genotypic DS pattern for isoniazid, rifampicin, and linezolid. High concordance rate (> 90%) between phenotypic and genotypic DST results was detected for ofloxacin (93.7%), pyrazinamide (93.7%) and streptomycin (95.4%). Phenotypic and genotypic DS patterns were poorly correlated for ethionamide (agreement 56.4%), ethambutol (85.7%), amikacin (82.5%), capreomycin (81.0%), kanamycin (85.4%), and moxifloxacin (77.8%). For capreomycin, resistance conferring mutations were not identified in several phenotypically resistant isolates, and, in contrary, for ethionamide, ethambutol, amikacin, kanamycin, and moxifloxacin the resistance-related mutations were identified in several phenotypically sensitive isolates.
CONCLUSIONS
WGS is a valuable tool for rapid genotypic DST for all anti-TB agents. For isoniazid and rifampicin phenotypic DST potentially can be replaced by genotypic DST based on 100% agreement between the tests. However, discrepant results for other anti-TB agents limit their prescription based solely on WGS data. For clinical decision, at the current level of knowledge, there is a need for combination of genotypic DST with modern, validated phenotypic DST methodologies for those medications which did not showed 100% agreement between the methods.
Topics: Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Antitubercular Agents; Ethambutol; Isoniazid; Rifampin; Amikacin; Ethionamide; Capreomycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Latvia; Moxifloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Whole Genome Sequencing; Tuberculosis; Kanamycin
PubMed: 37770850
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08629-7 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Cecropin AD (CAD), a renowned antimicrobial peptide, has shown promising potential in treating various bacterial infections. This study investigates the protective...
INTRODUCTION
Cecropin AD (CAD), a renowned antimicrobial peptide, has shown promising potential in treating various bacterial infections. This study investigates the protective effects of CAD against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal adversities in chickens.
METHODS
Sixty SPF-grade chicks were divided into groups and exposed to different dosages of CAD, followed by LPS administration. The study assessed the impact of CAD on intestinal mucosal injury markers, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
RESULTS
LPS significantly increased Diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate (D-LA) levels, both indicators of intestinal mucosal injury. CAD treatment substantially attenuated these elevations, particularly at higher dosages. Additionally, CAD markedly reduced oxidative stress in intestinal tissues, as shown by normalized antioxidant levels and decreased reactive oxygen species. Histological analysis supported these findings, showing better-preserved villi structures in CAD-treated groups. Furthermore, CAD significantly reduced IL-6 and IL-8 expression post-LPS stimulation and effectively regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, decreasing associated factors like NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1b, and IL-18.
DISCUSSION
The study demonstrates CAD's therapeutic potential in alleviating LPS-induced intestinal injuries. The protective effects are primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions and modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Topics: Animals; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Inflammasomes; Lipopolysaccharides; Chickens; Cecropins; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38162646
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290182 -
Polymers Aug 2023Industrial polyureas are typically synthesized using diisocyanates via two possible alternative pathways: the extremely quick and highly exothermal diamine-diisocyanate...
Industrial polyureas are typically synthesized using diisocyanates via two possible alternative pathways: the extremely quick and highly exothermal diamine-diisocyanate pathway and the relatively slow and mild water-diisocyanate pathway. Although polyurea synthesis via the water-diisocyanate pathway is known and has been industrially applied for many decades, there is surprisingly very little analytical information in the literature in relation to the type and extent of the occurring side reactions and the resulting chemical structures following this synthesis pathway. The synthesis of polyureas exhibiting very high concentrations of carbonyl-containing groups resulted in strong and accurate diagnostic analytical signals of combined FTIR and solid-state C NMR analysis. Despite the strictly linear theoretical chemical structure designed, the syntheses resulted in highly nonlinear and crosslinked polymers. It was analytically found that the water-diisocyanate pathway preferentially produced highly dominant and almost equal contents of both biuret structures and tertiary oligo-uret structures, with a very small occurrence of urea groups. This is in strong contrast with the chemical structures previously obtained via the diamine-diisocyanate polyurea synthesis pathway, which almost exclusively resulted in biuret structures. The much slower reaction and crosslinking rate of the water-diisocyanate synthesis pathway enabled the further access of isocyanate groups to the already-formed secondary nitrogens, thus facilitating the formation of complex hierarchical tertiary oligo-uret structures.
PubMed: 37688150
DOI: 10.3390/polym15173524 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2023Biogenic amines are synthesized through the bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids, commonly found in high levels in animal by-product meals due to spoilage....
Effects of Diets Based on Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver and Different Protein Concentrations on the Formation and Deamination of Biogenic Amines and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Dogs.
Biogenic amines are synthesized through the bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids, commonly found in high levels in animal by-product meals due to spoilage. Furthermore, biogenic amines and other metabolites can be produced by the fermentation of proteins in the hindgut according to the protein source and concentration of crude protein (CP) in the diet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate two protein sources (poultry by-product meal (PBPM) and hydrolyzed chicken liver powder (HCLP)) and three CP concentrations (24, 32, and 40%) and their effects on the consumption and fecal excretion of biogenic amines, plasma monoamine oxidase (MAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of healthy adult dogs after 30 days of feeding the experimental diets. Twelve dogs were randomly distributed into six treatments (n = 6/treatment): PBPM24 (PBPM with 24% CP); PBPM32 (PBPM with 32% CP); PBPM40 (PBPM with 40% CP); HCLP24 (HCLP with 24% CP); HCLP32 (HCLP with 32% CP); HCLP40 (HCLP with 40% CP). The PBPM and PBPM-based diets had higher concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, agmatine, and total biogenic amines. In contrast, HCLP and HCLP-based diets contained higher concentrations of spermidine, phenylethylamine, and spermine. The PBPM and PBPM-diets had higher biogenic amine index (BAI) indicating lower quality due to the high content of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine. Dogs fed diets with PBPM and higher protein concentrations consumed more putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, agmatine, and total amines ( < 0.0001), while dogs fed with HCLP consumed more spermidine, phenylethylamine, and spermine ( < 0.0001). Fecal excretion of phenylethylamine was greater in dogs fed HCLP32 and HCLP40 diets ( = 0.045). Dogs fed with HCLP tended to excrete more spermidine and tryptamine via feces, while higher protein concentrations tended to increase fecal excretion of cadaverine ( < 0.10). Plasma MAO activity was higher in dogs fed HCLP24 and PBPM32 diets ( = 0.024). The plasma activities of DAO and TAC were not different between diets ( > 0.05). Although we did not evaluate the intestinal activities of MAO and DAO, our results suggest that healthy adult dogs have an efficient deamination process on the gut epithelium.
PubMed: 37627369
DOI: 10.3390/ani13162578 -
Polymers Feb 2024The development of catalysts has significantly advanced the progress of polyolefin materials. In particular, group 4 (Ti, Zr, Hf) non-metallocene catalysts ligated with... (Review)
Review
The development of catalysts has significantly advanced the progress of polyolefin materials. In particular, group 4 (Ti, Zr, Hf) non-metallocene catalysts ligated with [N,N] bidentate ligand(s) have garnered increasing attention in the field of olefin polymerization due to their structurally stability and exceptional polymerization behaviors. Ligands containing nitrogen donors are diverse and at the core of many highly active catalysts. They mainly include amidine, guanidinato, diamine, and various N-heterocyclic ligands, which can be used to obtain a series of new polyolefin materials, such as ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHWMPE), olefin copolymers (ethylene/norbornene and ethylene/α-olefin) with high incorporations, and high isotactic or syndiotactic polypropylene after coordination with group 4 metals and activation by cocatalysts. Herein, we focus on the advancements and applications of this field over the past two decades, and introduce the catalyst precursors with [N,N] ligand(s), involving the effects of ligand structure, cocatalyst selection, and polymerization conditions on the catalytic activity and polymer properties.
PubMed: 38337295
DOI: 10.3390/polym16030406 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023A considerable amount of ultrafine magnetite as the iron source will end up in the tailing dams since the magnetic separation process markedly drops as the particle...
A considerable amount of ultrafine magnetite as the iron source will end up in the tailing dams since the magnetic separation process markedly drops as the particle size. Cationic reverse flotation could be one of the main alternatives for recovering ultrafine magnetite. As a systematic approach, this study explored the flotation efficiency and interaction mechanisms of two biodegradable ether amines (diamine and monoamine) to separate ultrafine quartz from magnetite (- 20 µm). Several assessments (single and mixed mineral flotation, zeta potential, contact angle, surface tension measurement, turbidity, and Fourier transform infrared) were conducted to explore the efficiency of the process and the interaction mechanisms. Results indicated that ether diamine and monoamine could highly float ultrafine quartz particles (95.9 and 97.7%, respectively) and efficiently separate them from ultrafine magnetite particles. Turbidity assessments highlighted that these cationic collectors could aggregate magnetite particles (potentially hydrophobic coagulation) and enhance their depression. Surface analyses revealed that the collector mainly adsorbed on the quartz particles, while it was essentially a weak interaction on magnetite.
PubMed: 37996485
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47807-0 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Oct 2023The endometrium produces MUCIN-1 (MUC-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are essential for implantation. MUC-1 is required for adhesion, while COX-2 is necessary for...
The endometrium produces MUCIN-1 (MUC-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which are essential for implantation. MUC-1 is required for adhesion, while COX-2 is necessary for decidualization. Variations or polymorphisms in MUC-1 and COX-2 can lead to changes in endometrial receptivity. This study investigated the relationship between MUC-1 and COX-2 polymorphisms and endometrial receptivity in endometriosis patients. Blood DNA samples were collected from 35 patients with endometriosis and 32 healthy patients between days 19 to 24 of their menstrual cycle (secretory phase). MUC-1 polymorphism was determined using the Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS), and COX-2 gene polymorphism was assessed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The frequency distribution of gene polymorphisms between the two groups was compared using bivariate analysis. There were seven genotypic combinations of MUC-1 and COX-2: AAGC; AAGG; GACC; GAGC; GAGG; GGGC; GGGG. The AAGC genotype combination test was significant, with an OR=6.43 (95% CI:1.09-7.62) and p=0.01. In conclusion, combining MUC-1 and COX-2 (AAGC) genotypes results in endometrial receptivity defects in endometriosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Cyclooxygenase 2; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Mucin-1; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 38313170
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0192