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BMC Medicine Jul 2023Whether diet has beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in childhood cancer survivors as in the general population is unknown. Therefore, we examined...
BACKGROUND
Whether diet has beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in childhood cancer survivors as in the general population is unknown. Therefore, we examined associations between dietary patterns and risk of CVD in adult survivors of childhood cancer.
METHODS
Childhood cancer survivors, 18-65 years old in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort (1882 men and 1634 women) were included in the analysis. Dietary patterns were defined by the adherence to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) based on a food frequency questionnaire at study entry. CVD cases (323 in men and 213 in women) were defined as participants with at least one grade 2 or higher CVD-related diagnosis at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for confounders was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD.
RESULTS
Greater adherence to HEI-2015 (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.75-1.03, per 10 score increment), DASH (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.71-1.01, per 10 score increment), and aMED (OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-1.00, each score increment) were, albeit trending towards significance, associated with a lower risk of CVD in women. HEI-2015 was associated with a non-significantly lower risk of CVD in men (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.50-1.28). These dietary patterns were also associated with a lower risk of CVD in survivors with high underlying CVD risk.
CONCLUSIONS
As recommended to the general population, a diet rich in plant foods and moderate in animal foods needs to be a part of CVD management and prevention in childhood cancer survivors.
Topics: Humans; Female; Child; Diet, Healthy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cancer Survivors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Diet; Diet, Mediterranean; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37400811
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02956-x -
Nutrients Dec 2023A growing number of women of reproductive age experience menstrual disorders. The menstrual cycle is considerably influenced by dietary habits, physical activity, and...
An Assessment of Women's Knowledge of the Menstrual Cycle and the Influence of Diet and Adherence to Dietary Patterns on the Alleviation or Exacerbation of Menstrual Distress.
A growing number of women of reproductive age experience menstrual disorders. The menstrual cycle is considerably influenced by dietary habits, physical activity, and the use of stimulants. The main aim of this study was to assess women's knowledge about the menstrual cycle and the influence of diet and lifestyle factors on menstrual symptoms, and to identify dietary models that may alleviate or exacerbate menstrual distress. A total of 505 young women participated in the study. Nearly 90% of the respondents reported at least one menstrual disorder, mostly dysmenorrhea (70.7%), whereas secondary amenorrhea was least frequently reported (13.8%) ( = 0.002). In the study population, dysmenorrhea/menstrual distress was linked with higher consumption frequency of certain food groups. Women with severe dysmenorrhea consumed refined cereal products, processed meat, sugar, and water significantly more frequently than women with moderate menstrual pain. In turn, sweetened dairy products, animal fats, and fruit were consumed more frequently by women with low intensity of menstrual pain (mild pain). Significant differences in knowledge about the menstrual cycle and physiological changes in the body were observed between the compared dietary models.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Female; Dietary Patterns; Dysmenorrhea; Diet; Menstrual Cycle; Fruit; Menstruation Disturbances
PubMed: 38201899
DOI: 10.3390/nu16010069 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Nov 2023Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has as a main characteristic the exacerbation of the immune system against enterocytes, compromising the individual's intestinal... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has as a main characteristic the exacerbation of the immune system against enterocytes, compromising the individual's intestinal microbiota. This inflammatory cascade causes several nutritional deficiencies, which further compromise immunological functioning and, as a result, worsen the prognosis. This vicious cycle can be interrupted as the patient's dietary pattern meets their needs according to their clinical condition, acting directly on the inflammatory process of IBD through the interaction of food, intestinal microbiota, and epigenome. Specific nutritional intervention for IBD has a crucial role in preventing and managing disease activity. This review addresses epigenetic modifications through dietary compounds as a mechanism for modulating the intestinal microbiota of patients with IBD.
Topics: Humans; Diet; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Malnutrition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Epigenesis, Genetic
PubMed: 38077158
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i41.5618 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Nov 2023The popularity of vegetarian diets has increased the need for studies on long-term health outcomes. A limited number of studies, including only one study from a...
The popularity of vegetarian diets has increased the need for studies on long-term health outcomes. A limited number of studies, including only one study from a non-vegetarian population, investigated the risk of mortality with self-identified vegetarianism and reported inconsistent results. This study evaluated prospective associations between vegetarian diets and all-cause mortality among 117,673 participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial cohort study. Vegetarian diet status was self-identified on the questionnaire. Deaths were ascertained from follow-up questionnaires and the National Death Index database. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of all-cause mortality in hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). By diet group, there were 116,894 omnivores (whose diet does not exclude animal products), 329 lacto- and/or ovo-vegetarians (whose diet excludes meat, but includes dairy and/or eggs), 310 pesco-vegetarians (whose diet excludes meat except for fish and seafood) and 140 vegans (whose diet excludes all animal products). After an average follow-up of 18 years, 39,763 participants were deceased. The risk of all-cause mortality did not statistically significantly differ among the four diet groups. Comparing with the omnivore group, the HR (95% CI) were 0.81 (0.64-1.03) for pesco-vegetarian group, 0.99 (0.80-1.22) for lacto- and/or ovo-vegetarian group and 1.27 (0.99-1.63) for vegan group, respectively. Similarly, mortality risk did not differ when comparing lacto- and/or ovo-vegetarians plus vegans with meat/fish eaters (omnivores and pesco-vegetarians) (HR [95% CI] = 1.09 [0.93-1.28]). As this study is one of the two studies of vegetarianism and mortality in non-vegetarian populations, further investigation is warranted.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; United States; Prospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Diet, Vegetarian; Diet; Meat
PubMed: 37996932
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00460-9 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Unhealthy dietary patterns are directly linked to the current Global Syndemic consisting of non-communicable diseases, undernutrition and climate change. The dietary... (Review)
Review
Unhealthy dietary patterns are directly linked to the current Global Syndemic consisting of non-communicable diseases, undernutrition and climate change. The dietary shift towards healthier and more sustainable plant-based diets is essential. However, plant-based diets have wide intra differences; varying from vegan diets that totally exclude meat and animal products to traditional ones such as the Mediterranean diet and the new Nordic diet. It is acknowledged that plant-based diets may contribute simultaneously to improving population health as well as to decreasing the environmental impact of food systems. Evidence from cohort and randomized-controlled trials suggests that plant-based dietary patterns have beneficial effects on bodyweight control, cardiovascular health and diabetes prevention and treatment. On the other hand, micronutrient requirements may not be met, if some plant-based diets are not well-planned. Additionally, studies showed that lower consumption of meat and animal products results in lower environmental impacts. Consequently, plant-based diets could be a key factor to increase diet sustainability. This narrative review addresses the advantages of adherence to plant-based diets on human and planetary health considering strains and barriers to achieve this dietary transition, including cultural acceptability and affordability factors. Finally, potential intervention and policy recommendations are proposed, focusing on the update of current national food-based dietary guidelines.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diet; Environment; Plants; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Vegan; Environmental Health
PubMed: 38004117
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224723 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Oct 2023Realistic and tailored dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. An appropriate diet analysis forms the basis for precise dietary advice. Analysis of...
BACKGROUND
Realistic and tailored dietary advice plays a vital role in Preventive Dentistry. An appropriate diet analysis forms the basis for precise dietary advice. Analysis of diet for its cariogenicity is a complex process. Performing a meaningful diet analysis is a challenge in routine clinical practice. Currently, very few tools are available for clinicians to assess children's diet relating to caries risk. The current scientific paper presents a novel index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child's diet objectively and guides the professional to achieve pragmatic diet modification in the prevention of dental caries.
METHODS
Multi-disciplinary teams with a sample study population were involved in the initial structuring of Diet's Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index. To obtain cut-off values for cariogenicity of diet, a study was carried out with a sample of 774 children correlating diet diary with caries status. For statistics, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve closest to the ideal of 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity was applied.
RESULTS
ROC curve of 22.5 were plotted for diet scores for its cariogenicity. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of these cut-off values were 70 and 95, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The current scientific paper presents a novel Diet's Cariogenicity and Healthfulness Index that assesses the cariogenicity and healthfulness of a child's diet objectively to guide the professional to achieve a logical diet modification.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Caries; Male; Female; Diet, Healthy; Child, Preschool; Diet, Cariogenic; ROC Curve
PubMed: 38739816
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_186_21 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2024Lack of physical activity (PA), poor dietary habits, or other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are potential modifiable risk factors for hypertension. It has been...
BACKGROUND
Lack of physical activity (PA), poor dietary habits, or other unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are potential modifiable risk factors for hypertension. It has been sufficiently demonstrated in previous studies that physical activity or healthy dietary patterns can reduce the risk of hypertension. However, no research focused on the joint effects of PA and healthy dietary patterns on hypertension in a representative sample of adults.
METHODS
We used data collected from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Healthy dietary patterns were assessed with the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), and PA was measured using the metabolic equivalent minutes per week reported in questionnaires. We created four lifestyle categories based on the HEI-2015 and PA: (1) unhealthy diet and physically inactive (less than recommended PA), (2) healthy diet but physically inactive, (3) unhealthy diet but physically active (recommended PA), (4) healthy diet and physically active. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between joint PA and HEI-2015 and hypertension.
RESULTS
A total of 24,453 participants were enrolled in the study. Compared with unhealthy diet and physically inactive individuals, only healthy diet and physically active participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.77, 95% CI 0.65-0.9) were negatively associated with hypertension, while healthy diet but physically inactive participants (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI 0.76-1.03) and unhealthy diet but physically active participants (AOR: 0.9, 95% CI 0.76-1.06) were not associated with hypertension.
CONCLUSION
In a representative sample of US adults, our findings suggest that individuals with recommended PA and healthy dietary patterns have a lower risk of hypertension than those with an unhealthy diet or less than recommended PA. Healthy eating habits and regular PA are potential preventive precautions against hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Dietary Patterns; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Diet; Hypertension
PubMed: 38504199
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18346-8 -
The International Journal of Behavioral... Apr 2024The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) measures adherence to the dietary pattern presented by the EAT-Lancet Commission, which aligns health and sustainability targets....
Dietary quality and dietary greenhouse gas emissions in the USA: a comparison of the planetary health diet index, healthy eating index-2015, and dietary approaches to stop hypertension.
BACKGROUND
The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) measures adherence to the dietary pattern presented by the EAT-Lancet Commission, which aligns health and sustainability targets. There is a need to understand how PHDI scores correlate with dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and how this differs from the carbon footprints of scores on established dietary recommendations. The objectives of this study were to compare how the PHDI, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) relate to (a) dietary GHGE and (b) to examine the influence of PHDI food components on dietary GHGE.
METHODS
We used life cycle assessment data from the Database of Food Recall Impacts on the Environment for Nutrition and Dietary Studies to calculate the mean dietary GHGE of 8,128 adult participants in the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of (a) quintiles of diet score and (b) standardized dietary index Z-scores with dietary GHGE for PHDI, HEI-2015, and DASH scores. In secondary analyses, we used Poisson regression to assess the influence of individual PHDI component scores on dietary GHGE.
RESULTS
We found that higher dietary quality on all three indices was correlated with lower dietary GHGE. The magnitude of the dietary quality-dietary GHGE relationship was larger for PHDI [-0.4, 95% CI (-0.5, -0.3) kg CO equivalents per one standard deviation change] and for DASH [-0.5, (-0.4, -0.6) kg CO-equivalents] than for HEI-2015 [-0.2, (-0.2, -0.3) kg CO-equivalents]. When examining PHDI component scores, we found that diet-related GHGE were driven largely by red and processed meat intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Improved dietary quality has the potential to lower the emissions impacts of US diets. Future efforts to promote healthy, sustainable diets could apply the recommendations of the established DASH guidelines as well as the new guidance provided by the PHDI to increase their environmental benefits.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Diet, Healthy; Greenhouse Gases; Nutrition Surveys; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Carbon Dioxide; Diet
PubMed: 38566176
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01581-y -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Vegan, vegetarian and low-carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets can all offer several health benefits, if food choices are appropriate. In most studies examining their...
Vegan, vegetarian and low-carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets can all offer several health benefits, if food choices are appropriate. In most studies examining their effects on systemic inflammation, participants were either overweight, on a weight loss programme or not matched for BMI, or had a pre-existing condition such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension. Little is known about the effects of dietary patterns on healthy and normal weight individuals. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess and directly compare inflammatory and intestinal permeability status in healthy participants following aforementioned or omnivore diet for at least 6 months. In this cross-sectional study, we measured the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, TNF-α and CRP, and the markers of intestinal permeability LBP and zonulin, along with the analysis of lifestyle aspects, dietary intakes and physical activity, in 89 healthy participants. The groups were matched for sex, age and BMI. There were no differences in any of the measured parameters between the four groups and we found no strong correlations with dietary intakes. Using cluster analysis, participants were divided into eight clusters with more or less favourable inflammatory profiles; all clusters contained representatives of all patterns and all patterns were represented in each cluster. Significant differences between clusters were in the intake of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, ω-3/ω-6 ratio, phase angle and working two shifts. In healthy, normal-weight individuals, inflammatory status therefore does not depend on the dietary pattern itself, but is rather more complexly regulated and associated with dietary and non-dietary factors.
Topics: Humans; Diet, Vegetarian; Vegans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet, High-Fat; Healthy Volunteers; Diet; Vegetarians; Biomarkers; Permeability; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 37828090
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44233-0 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2024The beneficial effects of a plant-based diet on gut microbiota diversity are well documented, however, its impact on clinical bowel health and defecation patterns are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The beneficial effects of a plant-based diet on gut microbiota diversity are well documented, however, its impact on clinical bowel health and defecation patterns are less well understood. Vegetarian diets have been associated with a higher bowel movement (BM) frequency as well as softer stools in cross-sectional studies. The effects of the de-novo adoption of a vegan diet on bowel health, however, have never been investigated in a randomized-controlled trial.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study examined bowel health and defecation patterns in relation to diet and nutrient intake in a young and healthy sample of = 65 physically-active German university students who were randomly assigned to either a vegan or a meat-rich diet for eight weeks. Bowel health assessment included the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) and the Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Score (CCFIS). Nutrient intake was assessed using weighed food diaries. The study was prospectively registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00031541).
RESULTS
Weekly BM frequency slightly increased in vegans, whereas it remained unaltered in participants assigned to a meat-rich diet. Fiber intake increased significantly in vegans (34.89 (18.46) g/d) whereas it decreased in those assigned to the meat-rich group (22.79 (12.5) g/d). No significant intergroup differences in BSFS and CCFIS patterns were observed. Adoption of a vegan diet neither resulted in a transient increase in abdominal discomfort nor in a decreased gastrointestinal quality of life, which was comparable across the diet groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The short-term adoption of a vegan diet did not negatively affect markers of bowel health in this study.
Topics: Humans; Diet, Vegan; Defecation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Diet; Eating
PubMed: 38327148
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2305693