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Nature Food Nov 2023Adherence to healthy dietary patterns can prevent the development of non-communicable diseases and affect life expectancy. Here, using a prospective population-based...
Adherence to healthy dietary patterns can prevent the development of non-communicable diseases and affect life expectancy. Here, using a prospective population-based cohort data from the UK Biobank, we show that sustained dietary change from unhealthy dietary patterns to the Eatwell Guide dietary recommendations is associated with 8.9 and 8.6 years gain in life expectancy for 40-year-old males and females, respectively. In the same population, sustained dietary change from unhealthy to longevity-associated dietary patterns is associated with 10.8 and 10.4 years gain in life expectancy in males and females, respectively. The largest gains are obtained from consuming more whole grains, nuts and fruits and less sugar-sweetened beverages and processed meats. Understanding the contribution of sustained dietary changes to life expectancy can provide guidance for the development of health policies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adult; Prospective Studies; Diet; Diet, Healthy; Fruit; Life Expectancy
PubMed: 37985698
DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00868-w -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Feb 2024Introduction: intermittent fasting plans propose to limit food intake during specific periods as nutritional therapeutic strategies to treat different metabolic...
Introduction: intermittent fasting plans propose to limit food intake during specific periods as nutritional therapeutic strategies to treat different metabolic conditions in various clinical entities. However, the heterogeneity between each context of intermittent fasting could generate different results in metabolic parameters. Objective: to evaluate the clinical application of intermittent fasting and to discern whether it offers advantages over other traditional strategies. Methods: structured questions were formulated (PICO), and the methodology followed the guidelines established by the PRISMA 2020 statement. The search was conducted in different databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar). Results: we found 3,962 articles, of which 56 were finally included; 3,906 articles that did not directly or indirectly answer the structured questions were excluded. Conclusions: compared to conventional diets, the various AI schemes do not generate advantages or disadvantages in terms of weight loss and lipid profile, although in the alternate-day variant there are greater insulin reductions than those observed in the continuous energy restriction. The heterogeneity of the interventions, the populations studied, the comparators, the results, and the type of design make it impossible to extrapolate the effects found in all clinical scenarios and generalize the recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Caloric Restriction; Fasting; Intermittent Fasting; Diet
PubMed: 38047415
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04790 -
Nutrients Jun 2023In recent decades, research has become increasingly interested in the relationship between diet and health [...].
In recent decades, research has become increasingly interested in the relationship between diet and health [...].
Topics: Food, Processed; Fast Foods; Diet; Food Handling; Energy Intake
PubMed: 37447271
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132945 -
Hepatology Communications Aug 2023Despite NAFLD being the most prevalent liver disease globally, currently there are no FDA-approved treatments, and weight loss through caloric restriction and enhanced... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Despite NAFLD being the most prevalent liver disease globally, currently there are no FDA-approved treatments, and weight loss through caloric restriction and enhanced physical activity is the recommended treatment strategy. Intermittent fasting (IF) has been proposed as an alternative strategy with additional cardiometabolic benefits. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the anthropometric, biochemical, and hepatic impacts of IF in patients with NAFLD.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and conference abstracts were searched for IF interventions in adults with NAFLD until April 2, 2023. Meta-analysis with a random effects model was used to compare pre-intervention and post-intervention changes in anthropometric, biochemical, and hepatic end points in the IF intervention group with the control group. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the meta-analysis (n = 840 participants, 44.64% male). Studies varied in modalities for NAFLD diagnosis, duration of IF (4-52 weeks), and type of IF (5:2 diet, modern alternate-day fasting, time-restricted eating, or religious fasting). Body weight, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio all significantly improved following fasting intervention (p< 0.05). Adults with NAFLD showed an improvement in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography), and hepatic stiffness (measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography) after fasting intervention (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There is limited, but moderate- to high-quality evidence to suggest that IF can improve hepatic end points and promote weight loss in adults with NAFLD. Larger randomized controlled studies with extended duration are needed to further validate our findings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Intermittent Fasting; Diet; Weight Loss
PubMed: 37534936
DOI: 10.1097/HC9.0000000000000212 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024Age-standardized dementia mortality rates are on the rise. Whether long-term consumption of olive oil and diet quality are associated with dementia-related death is...
IMPORTANCE
Age-standardized dementia mortality rates are on the rise. Whether long-term consumption of olive oil and diet quality are associated with dementia-related death is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association of olive oil intake with the subsequent risk of dementia-related death and assess the joint association with diet quality and substitution for other fats.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This prospective cohort study examined data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1990-2018) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1990-2018). The population included women from the NHS and men from the HPFS who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to July 2023.
EXPOSURES
Olive oil intake was assessed every 4 years using a food frequency questionnaire and categorized as (1) never or less than once per month, (2) greater than 0 to less than or equal to 4.5 g/d, (3) greater than 4.5 g/d to less than or equal to 7 g/d, and (4) greater than 7 g/d. Diet quality was based on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet score.
MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE
Dementia death was ascertained from death records. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders including genetic, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors.
RESULTS
Of 92 383 participants, 60 582 (65.6%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 56.4 (8.0) years. During 28 years of follow-up (2 183 095 person-years), 4751 dementia-related deaths occurred. Individuals who were homozygous for the apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) allele were 5 to 9 times more likely to die with dementia. Consuming at least 7 g/d of olive oil was associated with a 28% lower risk of dementia-related death (adjusted pooled HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.64-0.81]) compared with never or rarely consuming olive oil (P for trend < .001); results were consistent after further adjustment for APOE ε4. No interaction by diet quality scores was found. In modeled substitution analyses, replacing 5 g/d of margarine and mayonnaise with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with an 8% (95% CI, 4%-12%) to 14% (95% CI, 7%-20%) lower risk of dementia mortality. Substitutions for other vegetable oils or butter were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In US adults, higher olive oil intake was associated with a lower risk of dementia-related mortality, irrespective of diet quality. Beyond heart health, the findings extend the current dietary recommendations of choosing olive oil and other vegetable oils for cognitive-related health.
Topics: Humans; Olive Oil; Female; Male; Dementia; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Aged; Diet, Mediterranean; Risk Factors; Adult; Diet; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 38709531
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10021 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Aged; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diet; Diet, Mediterranean
PubMed: 38308926
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100172 -
ELife Oct 2023Gene expression profiling of a diverse mouse population helps to decipher how a fat-rich diet contributes to inflammatory bowel disease.
Gene expression profiling of a diverse mouse population helps to decipher how a fat-rich diet contributes to inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37855820
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.92714 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023A major barrier to a healthy diet may be the higher price of healthy foods compared to low-quality foods. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
A major barrier to a healthy diet may be the higher price of healthy foods compared to low-quality foods.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess the association between the monetary cost of food and diet quality in Spanish older adults at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
METHODS
Cross-sectional analysis was carried out in Spanish older adults ( = 6,838; 48.6% female). A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Metabolic syndrome severity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), adherence to a provegetarian dietary pattern, and dietary inflammatory index were assessed. The economic cost of the foods was obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food database (2015-2017, the period of time when the participants were recruited). The total cost of diet adjusted per 1,000 kcal was computed.
RESULTS
The healthier dietary pattern was associated with a higher cost of the diet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet, anti-inflammatory diet, and the healthy version of the provegetarian dietary pattern were related to higher costs of the diet.
CONCLUSION
Higher diet quality was associated with a higher dietary cost of the diet per 1,000 kcal/day. Food prices can be an important component of interventions and policies aimed at improving people's diets and preventing diet-related chronic diseases.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER
The trial was registered in 2014 at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCT; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870) with the number 89898870.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean
PubMed: 37559740
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1166787 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Oct 2023Absolute energy from fats and carbohydrates and the proportion of carbohydrates in the food supply have increased over 50 years. Dietary energy density (ED) is primarily... (Review)
Review
Absolute energy from fats and carbohydrates and the proportion of carbohydrates in the food supply have increased over 50 years. Dietary energy density (ED) is primarily decreased by the water and increased by the fat content of foods. Protein, carbohydrates and fat exert different effects on satiety or energy intake (EI) in the order protein > carbohydrates > fat. When the ED of different foods is equalized the differences between fat and carbohydrates are modest. Covertly increasing dietary ED with fat, carbohydrate or mixed macronutrients elevates EI, producing weight gain and vice versa. In more naturalistic situations where learning cues are intact, there appears to be greater compensation for the different ED of foods. There is considerable individual variability in response. Macronutrient-specific negative feedback models of EI regulation have limited capacity to explain how availability of cheap, highly palatable, readily assimilated, energy-dense foods lead to obesity in modern environments. Neuropsychological constructs including food reward (liking, wanting and learning), reactive and reflective decision making, in the context of asymmetric energy balance regulation, give more comprehensive explanations of how environmental superabundance of foods containing mixtures of readily assimilated fats and carbohydrates and caloric beverages elevate EI through combined hedonic, affective, cognitive and physiological mechanisms. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part II)'.
Topics: Humans; Diet; Energy Intake; Obesity; Nutrients; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 37661746
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0449 -
Nutrients Sep 2023This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development", requests articles on the roles of maternal diet and...
This Special Issue of Nutrients, "Influence of Maternal Diet and Environmental Factors on Fetal Development", requests articles on the roles of maternal diet and environmental factors such as microbiota, plastics, and endocrine disruptive chemicals impact fetal development [...].
Topics: Fetal Development; Diet; Nutrients; Fetus
PubMed: 37836378
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194094