-
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Quinoa ( Willd) and chia () are essential traditional crops with excellent nutritional properties. Quinoa is known for its high and good quality protein content and nine... (Review)
Review
Quinoa ( Willd) and chia () are essential traditional crops with excellent nutritional properties. Quinoa is known for its high and good quality protein content and nine essential amino acids vital for an individual's development and growth, whereas chia seeds contain high dietary fiber content, calories, lipids, minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc), and vitamins (A and B complex). Chia seeds are also known for their presence of a high amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Both quinoa and chia seeds are gluten-free and provide medicinal properties due to bioactive compounds, which help combat various chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases such as cancer. Quinoa seeds possess phenolic compounds, particularly kaempferol, which can help prevent cancer. Many food products can be developed by fortifying quinoa and chia seeds in different concentrations to enhance their nutritional profile, such as extruded snacks, meat products, etc. Furthermore, it highlights the value-added products that can be developed by including quinoa and chia seeds, alone and in combination. This review focused on the recent development in quinoa and chia seeds nutritional, bioactive properties, and processing for potential human health and therapeutic applications.
PubMed: 37507952
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071413 -
Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation :... Jan 2024Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is, in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi), required for building cell membranes, DNA and RNA molecules, energy metabolism,... (Review)
Review
Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is, in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi), required for building cell membranes, DNA and RNA molecules, energy metabolism, signal transduction and pH buffering. In bone, Pi is essential for bone stability in the form of apatite. Intestinal absorption of dietary Pi depends on its bioavailability and has two distinct modes of active transcellular and passive paracellular absorption. Active transport is transporter mediated and partly regulated, while passive absorption depends mostly on bioavailability. Renal excretion controls systemic Pi levels, depends on transporters in the proximal tubule and is highly regulated. Deposition and release of Pi into and from soft tissues and bone has to be tightly controlled. The endocrine network coordinating intestinal absorption, renal excretion and bone turnover integrates dietary intake and metabolic requirements with renal excretion and is critical for bone stability and cardiovascular health during states of hypophosphataemia or hyperphosphataemia as evident from inborn or acquired diseases. This review provides an integrated overview of the biology of phosphate and Pi in mammals.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Phosphates; Phosphorus; Intestinal Absorption; Hyperphosphatemia; Minerals; Mammals
PubMed: 37660247
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad188 -
Brain Sciences Jul 2023Dietary constituents may affect the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals to...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Dietary constituents may affect the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals to the severity, motor and non-motor symptoms, and risk of PD.
METHODS
In this case-control study, 120 patients with PD and 50 healthy participants participated. Dietary intake of vitamins and minerals was determined using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. The severity of PD was determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).
RESULTS
Patients with PD had lower intake of several vitamins and minerals including lycopene, thiamine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, selenium, chromium, and phosphorus, but had higher intake of α-tocopherol. High dietary intake of vitamin A, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, and α-tocopherol were correlated with increased odds of PD. High intake of lycopene, thiamin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, chromium, and phosphorous correlated with reduced odds of PD. The predictive power of α-tocopherol concerning the risk of PD was stronger relative to other vitamins. Dietary intake of pantothenic acid was negatively correlated with PD severity and symptoms of motor examination and complication. The severity and motor symptoms of PD were also negatively correlated with β-carotene, vitamin C, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and biotin intake. The UPDRS total score and motor symptoms in PD patients were negatively correlated with phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and chromium, and strongly with potassium intake.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that adequate dietary intake of vitamins and minerals may have a preventive effect on developing PD and progression of motor decline.
PubMed: 37509049
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071119 -
PloS One 2023Data on mineral digestibility is key to understand mineral homeostasis and refine the recommendations for the dietary intake of these nutrients. In farm animals and...
Data on mineral digestibility is key to understand mineral homeostasis and refine the recommendations for the dietary intake of these nutrients. In farm animals and pets, there is plenty of data on mineral digestibility and influencing factors. In laboratory mice, however, there is a lack of information on mineral digestibility under maintenance conditions, although this should be the basis for studies on mineral homeostasis under experimental conditions. The aim of the present study was to analyse data on intake, faecal excretion, and apparent digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and magnesium in C57BL/6J mice fed different maintenance diets with varying voluntary dry matter intake. Lucas-tests were used to quantify true digestibility and describe correlations between dietary intake and excretion/absorption of the nutrients. Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium showed a linear correlation between intake and faecal excretion (R2: 0.77, 0.93 and 0.91, respectively). Intake and apparently digested amounts of sodium and potassium were correlated linearly (R2: 0.86 and 0.98, respectively). These data show that intake is the major determinant of absorption in the minerals listed above. Faecal calcium and phosphorus excretion were correlated as well (R2 = 0.75).
Topics: Animals; Mice; Calcium; Magnesium; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Digestion; Minerals; Phosphorus; Calcium, Dietary; Diet; Sodium; Potassium; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37585435
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290145 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Aug 2023Diet may play an essential role in the aetiology of bladder cancer (BC). Vitamin D is involved in various biological functions which have the potential to prevent BC... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Diet may play an essential role in the aetiology of bladder cancer (BC). Vitamin D is involved in various biological functions which have the potential to prevent BC development. Besides, vitamin D also influences the uptake of calcium and phosphorus, thereby possibly indirectly influencing the risk of BC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between vitamin D intake and BC risk.
METHODS
Individual dietary data were pooled from ten cohort studies. Food item intake was converted to daily intakes of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using Cox-regression models. Analyses were adjusted for gender, age and smoking status (Model 1), and additionally for the food groups fruit, vegetables and meat (Model 2). Dose-response relationships (Model 1) were examined using a nonparametric test for trend.
RESULTS
In total, 1994 cases and 518,002 non-cases were included in the analyses. The present study showed no significant associations between individual nutrient intake and BC risk. A significant decreased BC risk was observed for high vitamin D intake with moderate calcium and low phosphorus intake (Model 2: HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59-1.00). No significant dose-response analyses were observed.
CONCLUSION
The present study showed a decreased BC risk for high dietary vitamin D intake in combination with low calcium intake and moderate phosphorus intake. The study highlights the importance of examining the effect of a nutrient in combination with complementary nutrients for risk assessment. Future research should focus on nutrients in a wider context and in nutritional patterns.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Prospective Studies; Phosphorus, Dietary; Diet; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Calcium, Dietary; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Phosphorus; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37321901
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.010 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023Dietary inflammation index (DII) is an epidemiological survey tool to evaluate dietary inflammation potential. Osteoporosis, whose development is deeply affected by...
Dietary inflammation index (DII) is an epidemiological survey tool to evaluate dietary inflammation potential. Osteoporosis, whose development is deeply affected by inflammation, may be also affected by dietary inflammatory patterns. However, the relationship between DII and osteoporosis is unclear for chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Our study involved 526 CKD patients from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). DII levels were stratified into four quantile groups. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between DII and osteoporosis. Restricted cubic splines and subgroup analysis were additionally adopted. Results showed that the overall prevalence of osteoporosis among CKD patients was 25.3%. After fully adjusted, OR (95% confidence interval) for Q4 group compared with Q3 (reference group) in total and female population were 2.09 (1.05, 4.23) and 2.80 (1.14, 7.08), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that these results had no interaction with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), renal function, urinary protein, calcium, phosphorus and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D. DII was negatively correlated with lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in CKD population (P < 0.05). Therefore, in CKD patients, higher DII was associated with higher osteoporosis risk and lower BMD of lumber spine, especially in female. Anti-inflammatory diet patterns may be a protective intervention for some CKD-related osteoporosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Nutrition Surveys; Diet; Osteoporosis; Inflammation; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 38129528
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49824-5 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2023Chicken broilers digestibility and performance fed with different ME levels, with and without adjustments of digestible lysine, calcium, and available phosphorus, were...
Chicken broilers digestibility and performance fed with different ME levels, with and without adjustments of digestible lysine, calcium, and available phosphorus, were evaluated. For digestibility, 210 male Cobb 500 chicken broilers were used and distributed into a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement, with three ME levels (3050; 3125 and 3200 kcal/kg) with and without nutrient adjustment, plus one control treatment (2975 kcal ME/kg), totaling seven treatments including six repetitions with five birds into each repetition. For initial performance, 1120 birds were distributed randomly with eight replications within treatments and 20 birds for each replication. For final performance, 1008 chickens were distributed with eight replications and 18 birds for each replication. The DCDM and DCCP were improved (P<0.05) according to the increase of ME and the adjustment in dietary nutrients, as well as GE digestibility. The final performance showed no interaction (P>0.05) between energy and nutrient adjustment, but the increase in energy levels improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR=1.370). Increasing energy density with nutrient adjustment improves both nutrient utilization and bird performance.
Topics: Animals; Male; Calcium; Chickens; Lysine; Nutrients; Phosphorus
PubMed: 37729298
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320191391