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Viruses Nov 2023Mitochondria play important roles in the synthesis of ATP, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the regulation of innate immune response and apoptosis. Many... (Review)
Review
Mitochondria play important roles in the synthesis of ATP, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the regulation of innate immune response and apoptosis. Many viruses perturb mitochondrial activities to promote their replication and cause cell damage. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic virus that can cause severe liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This virus can also alter mitochondrial functions and metabolism to promote its replication and persistence. In this report, we summarize recent research progress on the interaction between HBV and mitochondrial metabolism, as well as the effect this interaction has on HBV replication and persistence.
Topics: Humans; Hepatitis B virus; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Cirrhosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B, Chronic
PubMed: 38140600
DOI: 10.3390/v15122359 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a general term encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and other conditions, is a chronic and relapsing... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a general term encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and other conditions, is a chronic and relapsing autoimmune disease that can occur in any part of the digestive tract. While the cause of IBD remains unclear, it is acknowledged that the disease has much to do with the dysregulation of intestinal immunity. In the intestinal immune regulatory system, Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) plays an important role in regulating the function of immune cells and lipid metabolism through catalyzing the oxidation of cholesterol into 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC). Specifically, CH25H focuses its mechanism of regulating the inflammatory response, signal transduction and cell migration on various types of immune cells by binding to relevant receptors, and the mechanism of regulating lipid metabolism and immune cell function via the transcription factor Sterol Regulator-Binding Protein. Based on this foundation, this article will review the function of CH25H in intestinal immunity, aiming to provide evidence for supporting the discovery of early diagnostic and treatment targets for IBD.
Topics: Humans; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestines
PubMed: 37720208
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241262 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Stomach Diseases; Gastric Mucosa; Precancerous Conditions; Metaplasia; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori
PubMed: 37086748
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.03.010 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the rectum and colon and causing diarrhoea and mucopurulent stools. UC can present... (Review)
Review
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the rectum and colon and causing diarrhoea and mucopurulent stools. UC can present with extraintestinal manifestations in various organs and systems and can be associated with various comorbidities. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a specific type of pancreatitis associated with autoimmune abnormalities and is divided into two clinical types: type 1 (lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis) and type 2 (idiopathic ductocentric pancreatitis). The current study shows an association between type 2 AIP and UC, which may be related to genetic susceptibility, inflammatory factors, and immune response. The most common manifestation of AIP in patients with type 2 AIP-UC is abdominal pain with elevated pancreatic enzymes, whereas the presentation of UC in type 2 AIP-UC is more severe, with an increased risk of UC-related surgery. This review focuses on diagnosis, prevalence, pathogenesis, impact, and treatment to better understand type 2 AIP-UC, explore the molecular mechanisms of this condition, and encourage further research into the management of type 2 AIP-UC.
Topics: Humans; Colitis, Ulcerative; Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Retrospective Studies; Autoimmune Diseases; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 38124742
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288390 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Feb 2024Acute pancreatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are both serious diseases in the digestive system. The pathogenesis of both diseases is extremely complex...
Exploring the interplay of gut microbiota, inflammation, and LDL-cholesterol: a multiomics Mendelian randomization analysis of their causal relationship in acute pancreatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
BACKGROUND
Acute pancreatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are both serious diseases in the digestive system. The pathogenesis of both diseases is extremely complex closely and it related to gut microbiota, inflammation, and blood fat. There is a close relationship between gut microbiota and blood lipids.
METHODS
In this study, we used three types of exposure: 412 gut microbiota, 731 inflammatory cells, and 91 inflammatory proteins (pqtls), with LDL-C as an intermediary and acute pancreatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as outcomes. We mainly used MR-IVW, co-localization analysis, and reverse MR analysis methods for analysis.
RESULTS
7 gut microbiota, 21 inflammatory cells, and 3 inflammatory proteins can affect LDL-C levels. LDL-C is associated with acute pancreatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Three omics were used: 412 gut microbiota, 731 inflammatory cells, and 91 inflammatory proteins (pqtls). It explains the causal relationship between multiomics, LDL- cholesterol, acute pancreatitis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Cholesterol, LDL; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Acute Disease; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Multiomics; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Inflammation; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 38374155
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04996-0 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... May 2024Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of acute abdominal pain and can range from mild oedema to severe necrosis of the pancreas. It has a significant impact on morbidity,... (Review)
Review
Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of acute abdominal pain and can range from mild oedema to severe necrosis of the pancreas. It has a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and financial burden. The global prevalence of pancreatitis is substantial, with the highest rates observed in central and eastern Europe. Diagnosing acute pancreatitis involves considering clinical symptoms, elevated serum amylase and/or lipase levels, and characteristic imaging findings. The causes of acute pancreatitis include obstructive disorders, such as gallstones and biliary sludge, alcohol consumption, smoking, drug-induced pancreatitis, metabolic disorders, trauma, medical procedures, infections, vascular diseases and autoimmune pancreatitis. Appropriate management of acute pancreatitis involves determining the severity of the condition, providing supportive care, addressing the underlying cause, and preventing complications. Advances in classifying the severity of acute pancreatitis and implementing goal-directed therapy have contributed to a decrease in mortality rates. Understanding its prevalence, aetiology and management principles is crucial for clinicians to appropriately diagnose and manage patients with acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Acute Disease; Severity of Illness Index; Gallstones
PubMed: 38783446
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9280 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2023Digestive system diseases (DSD) are very complex conditions that severely threaten human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmacological... (Review)
Review
Digestive system diseases (DSD) are very complex conditions that severely threaten human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmacological treatment strategies. Irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, is produced by fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), which is a transmembrane protein. Irisin is involved in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the regulation of energy metabolism, and the improvement of insulin resistance. Irisin is also an essential mediator of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Recent studies have proved that irisin concentration is altered in DSD and exerts pivotal effects on the initiation, progression, and prognosis of these diseases through various mechanisms. Therefore, studying the expression and function of irisin may have great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of DSD. Here, we focus on irisin and explore the multiple molecular pathways targeted by irisin therapy. This review indicates that irisin can serve as a diagnostic marker or potential therapeutic agent for DSD. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
Topics: Humans; Fibronectins; Digestive System Diseases; Adipose Tissue, White; Apoptosis; Cognition; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37625325
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115347 -
Current Gastroenterology Reports Jul 2023While guidelines exist for the evaluation and management of esophageal dysphagia in the general population, dysphagia disproportionately affects the elderly. In this... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
While guidelines exist for the evaluation and management of esophageal dysphagia in the general population, dysphagia disproportionately affects the elderly. In this article, we reviewed the literature on evaluating esophageal dysphagia in elderly patients and proposed a diagnostic algorithm based on this evidence.
RECENT FINDINGS
In older patients, dysphagia is often well compensated for by altered eating habits and physiologic changes, underreported by patients, and missed by healthcare providers. Once identified, dysphagia should be differentiated into oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia to guide diagnostic workup. For esophageal dysphagia, this review proposes starting with endoscopy with biopsies, given its relative safety even in older patients and potential for interventional therapy. If endoscopy shows a structural or mechanical cause, then further cross-sectional imaging should be considered to assess for extrinsic compression, and same session endoscopic dilation should be considered for strictures. If biopsies and endoscopy are normal, then esophageal dysmotility is more likely, and high-resolution manometry and additional workup should be performed following the updated Chicago Classification. Even after diagnosis of the root cause, complications including malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia should also be assessed and monitored, as they both result from and can further contribute to dysphagia. The successful evaluation of esophageal dysphagia in elderly patients requires a thorough, standardized approach to collecting a history, selection of appropriate diagnostic workup, and assessment of risk of potential complications, including malnutrition and aspiration.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Manometry; Malnutrition; Esophageal Achalasia
PubMed: 37312002
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00876-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly common disease in Western countries and has become the major cause of liver cirrhosis or... (Review)
Review
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly common disease in Western countries and has become the major cause of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in addition to viral hepatitis in recent decades. Furthermore, studies have shown that NAFLD is inextricably linked to the development of extrahepatic diseases. However, there is currently no effective treatment to cure NAFLD. In addition, in 2020, NAFLD was renamed metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to show that its pathogenesis is closely related to metabolic disorders. Recent studies have reported that the development of MAFLD is inextricably associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Simultaneously, mitochondrial stress caused by structural and functional disorders stimulates the occurrence and accumulation of fat and lipo-toxicity in hepatocytes and HSCs. In addition, the interaction between mitochondrial dysfunction and the liver-gut axis has also become a new point during the development of MAFLD. In this review, we summarize the effects of several potential treatment strategies for MAFLD, including antioxidants, reagents, and intestinal microorganisms and metabolites.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Mitochondrial Diseases
PubMed: 38139341
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417514 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Oct 2023Visceral myopathy is a rare, life-threatening disease linked to identified genetic mutations in 60% of cases. Mostly due to the dearth of knowledge regarding its... (Review)
Review
Visceral myopathy is a rare, life-threatening disease linked to identified genetic mutations in 60% of cases. Mostly due to the dearth of knowledge regarding its pathogenesis, effective treatments are lacking. The disease is most commonly diagnosed in children with recurrent or persistent disabling episodes of functional intestinal obstruction, which can be life threatening, often requiring long-term parenteral or specialized enteral nutritional support. Although these interventions are undisputedly life-saving as they allow affected individuals to avoid malnutrition and related complications, they also seriously compromise their quality of life and can carry the risk of sepsis and thrombosis. Animal models for visceral myopathy, which could be crucial for advancing the scientific knowledge of this condition, are scarce. Clearly, a collaborative network is needed to develop research plans to clarify genotype-phenotype correlations and unravel molecular mechanisms to provide targeted therapeutic strategies. This paper represents a summary report of the first 'European Forum on Visceral Myopathy'. This forum was attended by an international interdisciplinary working group that met to better understand visceral myopathy and foster interaction among scientists actively involved in the field and clinicians who specialize in care of people with visceral myopathy.
Topics: Animals; Child; Humans; Quality of Life; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Malnutrition; Models, Animal; Mutation; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 37650948
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08066-1