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Science Advances Jan 2024Spatiotemporal patterns widely occur in biological, chemical, and physical systems. Particularly, embryonic development displays a diverse gamut of repetitive patterns... (Review)
Review
Spatiotemporal patterns widely occur in biological, chemical, and physical systems. Particularly, embryonic development displays a diverse gamut of repetitive patterns established in many tissues and organs. Branching treelike structures in lungs, kidneys, livers, pancreases, and mammary glands as well as digits and bones in appendages, teeth, and palates are just a few examples. A fascinating instance of repetitive patterning is the sequential segmentation of the primary body axis, which is conserved in all vertebrates and many arthropods and annelids. In these species, the body axis elongates at the posterior end of the embryo containing an unsegmented tissue. Meanwhile, segments sequentially bud off from the anterior end of the unsegmented tissue, laying down an exquisite repetitive pattern and creating a segmented body plan. In vertebrates, the paraxial mesoderm is sequentially divided into somites. In this review, we will discuss the most prominent models, the most puzzling experimental data, and outstanding questions in vertebrate somite segmentation.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Somites; Mesoderm; Vertebrates; Embryonic Development; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
PubMed: 38277458
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8937 -
International Journal of Clinical... Aug 2023Early childhood caries (ECC) has created pandemonium worldwide and so in India which is alarming and accentuates the need to foster novel and effective preventive...
BACKGROUND
Early childhood caries (ECC) has created pandemonium worldwide and so in India which is alarming and accentuates the need to foster novel and effective preventive strategies that are synergistic with the current one. There are different methods to diagnose ECC. Nonetheless, up until now, there has been no method to predict ECC. Dermatoglyphics could be considered a noninvasive and early predictor of dental caries in children, as ECC is a multifactorial disease with the influence of genetic patterns.
AIM
The present study was undertaken to find out a possible relation between some quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic variables, ECC, and salivary bacteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out on 200 children within the age-group of 36-72 months. The study population was divided into four groups comprising 50 individuals each based on decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) score and gender; group I-caries male (dmft ≥ 5), group II-caries free male (dmft score 0), group III-caries female (dmft≥ 5), and group IV-caries free female (dmft score 0). Dermatoglyphic patterns of all 10 palmar digits were recorded and assessed qualitatively and quantitatively.
RESULTS
The caries group showed maximum occurrence of whorls, which were more prevalent in females and decreased frequency of loops when compared to caries free group. There was a significant association of the whorl pattern with the microbial counts of () and
CONCLUSION
There is explicit variation in dermatoglyphic patterns between the ECC and caries-free group indicating a correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns and dental caries.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Shah SG, Kaul B, Gupta A, Dermatoglyphics: Prediction for Prevention: An Innovative Tool in our Stash! Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S101-S108.
PubMed: 37663214
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2623 -
Biochemical Society Transactions Feb 2024During embryonic development many organs and structures require the formation of series of repeating elements known as periodic patterns. Ranging from the digits of the... (Review)
Review
During embryonic development many organs and structures require the formation of series of repeating elements known as periodic patterns. Ranging from the digits of the limb to the feathers of the avian skin, the correct formation of these embryonic patterns is essential for the future form and function of these tissues. However, the mechanisms that produce these patterns are not fully understood due to the existence of several modes of pattern generation which often differ between organs and species. Here, we review the current state of the field and provide a perspective on future approaches to studying this fundamental process of embryonic development.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Skin; Embryonic Development; Birds; Feathers; Models, Biological
PubMed: 38288903
DOI: 10.1042/BST20230197 -
Journal of Otology Jul 2023Contribute to clarifying the existence of subclinical hearing deficits associated with aging.
OBJECTIVE
Contribute to clarifying the existence of subclinical hearing deficits associated with aging.
DESIGN
In this work, we study and compare the auditory perceptual and electrophysiological performance of normal-hearing young and adult subjects (tonal audiometry, high-frequency tone threshold, a triplet of digits in noise, and click-evoked auditory brainstem response).
STUDY SAMPLE
45 normal hearing volunteers were evaluated and divided into two groups according to age. 27 subjects were included in the "" (mean 22.1 years), and 18 subjects (mean 42.22 years) were included in the "."
RESULTS
In the perceptual tests, the presented significantly worse tonal thresholds in the high frequencies (12 and 16 kHz) and worse performance in the digit triplet tests in noise. In the electrophysiological test using the auditory brainstem response technique, the adult group presented significantly lower I and V wave amplitudes and higher V wave latencies at the supra-threshold level. At the threshold level, we observed a significantly higher latency in wave V in the adult group. In addition, in the partial correlation analysis, controlling for the hearing level, we observed a relationship (negative) between age and speech in noise performance and high-frequency thresholds. No significant association was observed between age and the auditory brainstem response.
CONCLUSION
The results are compatible with subclinical hearing loss associated with aging.
PubMed: 37497327
DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2023.05.002 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Terror birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) comprise the most outstanding group of South American Cenozoic avifauna, and have been considered dominant predators. Terrestrial...
Terror birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) comprise the most outstanding group of South American Cenozoic avifauna, and have been considered dominant predators. Terrestrial habits were inferred using the reduction of their forelimbs and high body mass. Phorusrhacids were considered functionally tridactyl with three relatively short digits II-IV and a small, elevated digit I. The function of the ungual phalanges of digit II have been debated, including the utility of the ungual for retention or stabbing of prey. Incomplete or lack of preservation of foot bones have hampered understanding of the evolution and diversification of Phorusrhacidae. Here we show the first known and well-preserved footprints of Phorusrhacidae with a didactyl posture, which are named Rionegrina pozosaladensis igen. et isp. nov. These footprints yield unprecedented information on the locomotor habits of the group. The finding implies that medium-sized, Late Miocene (~ 8 Ma) phorusrhacids developed strong cursorial adaptations; achieved through reduction of digit II, raised metatarso-phalangeal pad, main body support in a large and thick digit III, and digit IV as outrigger. Raised and long claw of digit II was probably used in pining of prey. Phorusrhacid footprints differ from the Early Cretaceous didactyl footprints of deinonychosaurian dinosaur affinity by its larger size and strong mesaxony.
Topics: Animals; Fossils; Dinosaurs; Birds; Forelimb; Posture; Biological Evolution
PubMed: 37777554
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43771-x -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The brain and kidney have similar microvascular structure, which makes them susceptible to certain common pathophysiological processes. In this study, we examined...
BACKGROUND
The brain and kidney have similar microvascular structure, which makes them susceptible to certain common pathophysiological processes. In this study, we examined several indicators of kidney injury/function associated with cognitive function in older diabetic patients in the hope of finding effective markers for detecting cognitive impairment (CI).
METHODS
A total of 2209 older participants (aged ≥60 years) from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed for the association between diabetes and CI using a multiple linear regression analysis model. Using the same approach, we also analyzed the relationship between indicators of kidney injury/function and cognitive function (Animal Fluency Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test) in the diabetic population.
RESULTS
Diabetes was associated with CI. In age-adjusted model, older diabetics performed significantly poorer on tests of cognitive function compared to normoglycaemic individuals (1.145 points lower on the Animal Fluency Test ( = 0.005) and 7.868 points reduced on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test ( < 0.001)). In diabetics, we found elevated serum creatinine (SCr) (especially at SCr≥300uM) was associated with lower scores on cognitive function tests after strict adjustment for potential influences on cognitive function. While, albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was only associated with Digit Symbol Substitution score (DSS) not Animal Fluency score (AFS), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was only associated with CI (AFS and DSS) at the end-stage renal disease.
CONCLUSION
SCr, as a sensitive indicator of kidney injury, was significantly associated with CI and can potentially be used as an effective marker for screening CI in older diabetics.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Creatinine; Nutrition Surveys; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus; Kidney
PubMed: 37900140
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149084 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Dec 2023Children have been suggested to benefit from digit replantation due to a greater neurogenerative capacity. We aimed to conduct a systematic review on digit replantation...
BACKGROUND
Children have been suggested to benefit from digit replantation due to a greater neurogenerative capacity. We aimed to conduct a systematic review on digit replantation in children to provide a comprehensive overview of survival rates and functional outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials for studies published between 1980 and 2023. We included peer-reviewed studies reporting on digit survival rates in pediatric patients under the age of 18 years who underwent single or multiple digit replantations distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes were extracted, and pooled estimates were derived using univariable analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies reporting on 761 patients and 814 digit replantations were included in our study. Most replantations occurred in the index (n = 74), Tamai zone I (n = 168), and from clean-cut injuries (n = 190). The mean survival rate was 76% (n = 618/814), with a mean range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint ranging from 64 degrees to 90 degrees and two-point discrimination ranging from 3.8 mm to 6.4 mm. Compared with clean-cut injuries, digit replantations from avulsion [odds ratio (OR), 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74-0.89] or crush (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.82) injuries were associated with a lower odds of survival. Digit replantations performed with two venous (OR, 1.43, 95% CI; 1.28-1.59) or arterial anastomoses (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.48-1.81) were associated with a higher odds of survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Our systematic review suggests that digit replantation may be a viable option in children. Further research is required to explore functionality after digit replantation in diverse pediatric populations.
PubMed: 38098954
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005482 -
Cureus Jan 2024Finger stiffness may arise from injuries, surgeries, or hand-related medical conditions, impacting hand function and overall well-being in daily life. Rehabilitation and...
Finger stiffness may arise from injuries, surgeries, or hand-related medical conditions, impacting hand function and overall well-being in daily life. Rehabilitation and hand therapy play a crucial role in restoring optimal range of motion, strength, and functionality. This article introduces the Self-Assisted Finger Stiffness Splint (SFSS), a dynamic splint designed for active finger movement applicable in post-trauma or postoperative rehabilitation. SFSS empowers patients to perform self-administered stretching exercises, expediting recovery and improving compliance. Its versatility extends to postoperative rehabilitation, covering cases like tenolysis of extensor tendons or rehabilitation after fracture healing. While particularly effective for proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) and metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) stiffness, SFSS remains valuable for managing isolated finger stiffness and proves beneficial in addressing multiple-digit stiffness.
PubMed: 38333468
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51921