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Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Sep 2023Cats have an important and different place due to their close relationships with humans. Since most of the parasites they carry are zoonotic, it is important to detect... (Review)
Review
Cats have an important and different place due to their close relationships with humans. Since most of the parasites they carry are zoonotic, it is important to detect them. According to the research, spp., spp., spp., and sp. were found to be higher in cats compared to other parasites. It has been determined that scabies and flea infestations are common as ectoparasites. This review aims to present the reported parasites and their prevalence rates in cats in Türkiye.
Topics: Humans; Cats; Animals; Parasites; Flea Infestations; Scabies; Toxoplasma; Toxocara
PubMed: 37724370
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.85698 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2023infections in dogs and cats are underestimated because of a lack of proglottid observations and poor recovery of parasite elements by centrifugal flotation. We...
infections in dogs and cats are underestimated because of a lack of proglottid observations and poor recovery of parasite elements by centrifugal flotation. We developed an immunoassay that employs a pair of monoclonal antibodies to capture specific coproantigen in fecal extracts from dogs and cats. Real-time PCR for DNA in perianal swabs and observation of proglottids were used as reference methods. In 6 experimentally infected dogs, parasite DNA, coproantigen, and proglottid segments were first detected at 22, 23, and 26 d post-infection, respectively. Praziquantel treatment of 3 experimentally infected dogs resulted in the elimination of both coproantigen and proglottid shedding within 1-5 d post-treatment; however, parasite DNA persisted for 14 d. Immunohistochemistry on immature and mature tapeworm segments using an antibody against the coproantigen supports the premise that the antigen is produced in mature segments. We assessed the performance of our coproantigen test in natural infections in 78 dogs from a flea-endemic area. Of the 12 antigen-positive samples, 11 were confirmed with a positive PCR test and/or proglottid observation. Finally, we evaluated a convenience sample set of 730 canine and 163 feline fecal samples obtained from a commercial diagnostic laboratory; antigen was detected in 4.1% of the canine and 12.9% of the feline samples, whereas parasite elements were observed in only 0.028% of samples. Our coproantigen immunoassay provides a sensitive method for the detection of infection in dogs and cats.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Cestoda; Cestode Infections; Immunoassay; Feces; DNA
PubMed: 37491878
DOI: 10.1177/10406387231189193 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2023
PubMed: 37705205
DOI: 10.1177/10406387231196934 -
Veterinary Parasitology Dec 2023Intestinal parasites, including cestodes like Dipylidium caninum, are common in dogs in the United States of America (USA), but fecal flotation consistently, and, at...
Intestinal parasites, including cestodes like Dipylidium caninum, are common in dogs in the United States of America (USA), but fecal flotation consistently, and, at times, dramatically, fails to identify many of these infections. To determine the extent to which including coproantigen testing for D. caninum would improve the identification of dogs infected with this cestode, we evaluated fecal samples from 877 dogs (589 pet and 288 from municipal shelters) from six USA states using zinc sulfate (specific gravity 1.24) fecal flotation with centrifugation along with coproantigen detection for Giardia sp., hookworms, ascarids, and Trichuris vulpis. For D. caninum, PCR of perianal swabs was included. Intestinal parasite infections were identified, using centrifugal fecal flotation or coproantigen, in 265 dogs (13.2 % pet, 64.9 % shelter). Dipylidium caninum infection was detected in 5.6 % of dogs with the combination of coproantigen and centrifugal fecal flotation, and 7.3 % of dogs when perianal swab results were included; prevalence varied by diagnostic method, population, and geographic region. In pet dogs, D. caninum infection was identified by fecal flotation (0), coproantigen (2.2 %), or perianal swabs (1.2 %). The same methods revealed infection in 0.3 %, 12.5 %, and 11.1 % of shelter dogs, respectively. Frequent use of praziquantel in shelter dogs (116/288; 40.3 %) may have reduced prevalence. Positive and negative agreement of D. caninum coproantigen with perianal swab PCR in pet dogs was 85.7 % and 98.8 %, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis accounting for region, population, and age found D. caninum infection to be more common in shelter dogs relative to pet (adjusted OR 4.91 [2.48, 10.24]) and in the Southcentral and Southeast regions relative to North (adjusted OR 9.59 [1.92, 174.13] and 17.69 [3.67, 318.09] respectively). Coproantigen testing also enhanced the detection of other intestinal parasites over fecal flotation alone, including Giardia sp. (14.7 % vs 3.3 %), hookworms (13.8 % vs 8.4 %), ascarids (2.9 % vs 2.2 %), and T. vulpis (2.9 % vs 1.4 %). Together, these data indicate that the coproantigen assay employed increases detection of D. caninum infections several fold, supporting the use of this test in clinical practice, and add to a growing body of research documenting enhanced diagnosis through implementation of multiple laboratory-based methods.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Parasites; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Cestode Infections; Trichuris; Giardia; Feces; Prevalence; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37976897
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110073 -
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases May 2024Dipylidium caninum is a cosmopolitan parasite of companion animals such as dogs and cats. Accidental infection in humans occur mostly in children. Although considerable... (Review)
Review
Dipylidium caninum is a cosmopolitan parasite of companion animals such as dogs and cats. Accidental infection in humans occur mostly in children. Although considerable number of cases were reported from Europe and the Americas, case reports of this zoonotic disease are rather scarce from Asian countries. The aim of this study is to report the results of literature survey on dipylidiasis cases in humans in Japan. Conclusively, we have found a total of 17 cases since the first case report in from Aichi Prefecture in 1925.
Topics: Japan; Animals; Humans; Cats; Male; Dogs; Female; Child; Adult; Middle Aged; Cat Diseases; Zoonoses; Adolescent; Dog Diseases; Child, Preschool; Aged; Cestoda
PubMed: 38835257
DOI: 10.3347/PHD.23118 -
Parasitology Apr 2024is a common tapeworm of dogs. Two cases of praziquantel resistance have been described in in the United States. No further reports have been published to the...
is a common tapeworm of dogs. Two cases of praziquantel resistance have been described in in the United States. No further reports have been published to the authors’ knowledge. Here, the case of a dog imported to Switzerland from Spain with a history of chronic excretion of tapeworm proglottids and unresponsiveness to praziquantel treatments is reported. Clinical signs were mild (restlessness, tenesmus, anal pruritus, squashy feces) and flea infestation could be ruled out. Infection with was confirmed through morphological and genetic parasite identification. Different subsequently applied anthelmintic compounds and protocols, including epsiprantel, did not confer the desired effects. Proglottid shedding only stopped after oral mebendazole administration of 86.2 mg kg body weight for 5 consecutive days. Clinical signs resolved and the dog remained coproscopically negative during a follow-up period of 10 months after the last treatment. This case represents the first reported apparent praziquantel and epsiprantel resistance in in Europe. Treatment was extremely challenging especially due to the limited availability of efficacious alternative compounds.
Topics: Animals; Praziquantel; Dogs; Dog Diseases; Drug Resistance; Anthelmintics; Cestode Infections; Switzerland; Cestoda; Spain; Feces; Male
PubMed: 38571299
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182024000398 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023The global threat of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitutes a public health issue in underdeveloped countries. Zoonotic helminthiases are the most common human...
The global threat of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitutes a public health issue in underdeveloped countries. Zoonotic helminthiases are the most common human NTD agents in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas, causing a global burden of disease that exceeds that of more recognized infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis. Wild canids are well-known mammals that act as natural reservoirs of zoonotic-relevant helminthiasis worldwide, thus playing a pivotal role in their epidemiology and transmission to humans. Here we evaluate the occurrence of zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in two Neotropical wild canid species from the Amazonian and Andean regions of Colombia, i.e., the bush dog () and the crab-eating fox (). We recovered tapeworm proglottids from bush dog fecal samples and identified them molecularly as the canine-specific lineage of by using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I () gene sequences. Moreover, examination of a crab-eating fox during necropsy revealed the presence of non-embryonated eggs of the neglected nematode , in addition to eggs and gravid proglottids of the cestode . These findings represent the first report of zoonotic-relevant cestodes, i.e., . ("canine genotype"), , and the nematode , in bush dogs and crab-eating foxes as final hosts. The occurrence of these zoonotic helminthiases in wild canid species calls for regular monitoring programs to better understand the epidemiology and transmission routes of neglected dipylidiasis, lagochilascariosis, and sparganosis in South America.
PubMed: 37635759
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1235182 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2024Cats in Iran are definitive hosts for several zoonotic intestinal helminths, such as Toxocara cati, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris leonina, Physaloptera praeputialis and...
BACKGROUND
Cats in Iran are definitive hosts for several zoonotic intestinal helminths, such as Toxocara cati, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris leonina, Physaloptera praeputialis and Diplopylidium nolleri.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth infection in free-roaming cats in southeast Iran, a region with a high free-roaming cat population.
METHODS
From January 2018 to December 2021, 153 cadavers of free-roaming cats from Southeast Iran were necropsied for intestinal helminth infections. The carcasses were dissected, and the digestive systems were removed. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum and colon were tightly ligated. All adult helminths were collected, preserved and identified.
RESULTS
The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections was 80.39% (123/153). Of the cats from Kerman, 73% (73/100) were infected with at least one helminth, including D. caninum 70% (70/100), T. leonina 8% (8/100) and P. praeputialis 17% (17/100). Concurrent infection with two helminth species was found in 16% (16/100) and of three species infections was found in 3% (3/100) of the cats. Of the cats from Zabol, 94.33% (50/53) were infected with at least one of the helminths, including D. caninum 69.81% (37/53), T. leonina 11.32% (6/53), P. praeputialis 37.73% (20/53) and T. cati 5.66% (3/53). Concurrent infection with two helminth species was found in 28.3% (15/53), and three species were found in 1.88% (1/53) of the cats. Helminth infections were more prevalent in older cats. There was no association between sex and infection rate.
CONCLUSION
Based on the very high prevalence of zoonotic intestinal helminth infections in free-roaming cats in southeast Iran, the potential public health risk emphasizes the need for intersectoral collaboration, particularly the provision of health and hygiene education to high-risk populations, such as pre-school and school-age children.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Iran; Helminthiasis, Animal; Helminths; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Cadaver; Cat Diseases; Helminthiasis
PubMed: 38504628
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1422 -
Occurrence of and other gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming cats from the Rio de Janeiro zoo.Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023This communication aimed to determine the frequency of infection by and other gastrointestinal parasites in free-living cats captured in BioParque do Rio (Fundação...
This communication aimed to determine the frequency of infection by and other gastrointestinal parasites in free-living cats captured in BioParque do Rio (Fundação RioZoo), Brazil. To this end, 58 blood and 51 fecal samples were collected from 68 cats from July 2019 to September 2020. The serum obtained was analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody test for anti- IgG. Fecal samples were examined by microscopic parasitological techniques. Of the total, 10.3% of the animals presented anti- IgG. Parasitic structures were observed in 39.2% of the fecal samples. Hookworms were the most detected parasites (19.6%) followed by sp. (11.7%), (7.8%) and (3.9%). These results indicated the exposure of this population of stray cats to potentially zoonotic parasites, which in addition to causing possible damage to domestic and wild animal health, also pose risks to public health.
PubMed: 38149031
DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm006023 -
Parasitology Research Mar 2024Dog faecal samples examined from January 2019 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed for frequency of endoparasites. The examinations were performed with several...
Dog faecal samples examined from January 2019 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed for frequency of endoparasites. The examinations were performed with several different methods: 29,219 samples were examined by flotation method and sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin concentration (SAFC) technique, 1,330 samples by Baermann-Wetzel migration technique, 12,221 samples using a Giardia coproantigen enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 1,180 samples using a Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISA, 1,671 samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Giardia duodenalis and 447 samples by PCR testing for Cryptosporidium spp.. A total of 7.1% of the samples were positive for parasites in the microscopical examination using the flotation method and SAFC technique. The parasites found included Cystoisospora spp. (2.8%), Giardia duodenalis (2.3%), Ancylostomatidae (1.8%), Toxocara canis (1.6%), Trichuris vulpis (0.7%), Toxascaris leonina (0.5%), Capillaria spp. (0.2%), Angiostrongylus vasorum (0.2%), Crenosoma vulpis (0.1%), Taeniidae (0.1%), Sarcocystis spp. (0.03%), Dipylidium caninum (0.01%), Diphyllobothrium latum (< 0.01%), Spirurida (< 0.01%) and Opisthorchiidae (< 0.01%). Using the Baermann-Wetzel migration technique, Angiostrongylus vasorum was found in 0.75% and Crenosoma vulpis in 0.3% of the samples. ELISAs for Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. revealed 13.9% and 1.0% positive faecal samples, and Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. PCRs 19.4% and 2.0%, respectively. Dogs in the first year of life were more frequently infected with parasites than older animals. In the microscopic examination using flotation method and SAFC technique, the significantly highest detection rates were found in dogs up to six months of age (p < 0.001).
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Cryptosporidiosis; Retrospective Studies; Cryptosporidium; Dog Diseases; Prevalence; Parasites; Giardia lamblia; Germany; Feces; Angiostrongylus
PubMed: 38480554
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08181-6