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Systematic Reviews Jul 2023Appropriate dissemination of public health evidence is of high importance to ensure that scientific knowledge reaches potential stakeholders and relevant population...
BACKGROUND
Appropriate dissemination of public health evidence is of high importance to ensure that scientific knowledge reaches potential stakeholders and relevant population groups. A wide distrust towards science and its findings indicates that communication thereof remains below its potential. Cochrane Public Health provides an important source of high-quality scientific evidence in the field of public health via reviews with systematic methodology. The aims of this study were to identify (1) dissemination strategies and (2) stakeholders of Cochrane Public Health reviews.
METHODS
This is a bibliographic study with a cross-sectional design. All 68 records (reviews or review protocols) listed on the Cochrane Public Health website ( https://ph.cochrane.org/cph-reviews-and-topics ) up to 8 March 2022 were included. Record characteristics, dissemination strategies, and potential stakeholder details were coded by one author, and 10% of records were checked by another author. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics or narratively into common themes.
RESULTS
The 68 records were published between 2010 and 2022 and included 15 review protocols and 53 reviews with systematic methodology (46 systematic, 6 rapid, and 1 scoping review). All 53 reviews were disseminated via open-access plain language summaries (PLS) in English with translations into 3-13 other languages. Other dissemination strategies included information on Cochrane websites (e.g., clinical answers or guidelines) available for 41/53 reviews and Cochrane news or blogs that mentioned 19/53 reviews. Overall, 23/68 records mentioned the actual stakeholder involvement in review production, protocol development, or formulation of dissemination plans. The potential stakeholders included several highly diverse groups, such as the general population or specific communities (e.g., racial minority groups), policy and decision makers, and researchers and professionals in various fields (e.g., nutrition, physical activity, education, or care).
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that Cochrane Public Health reviews are disseminated predominantly via PLS in different languages and via review information on Cochrane websites. Planned dissemination strategies were rarely reported although actual stakeholders were involved in the planning and production of some reviews. The relevance of Cochrane Public Health reviews for non-academic stakeholders and the general population highlights the need for the dissemination of evidence from such reviews beyond academia.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
The study was prospectively registered at the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/ga9pt/ ).
Topics: Humans; Communication; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Public Health; Quality of Health Care; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 37400880
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02272-8 -
PLoS Pathogens Nov 2023Despite widespread immunization with Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only currently licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, TB remains a leading cause of mortality...
Despite widespread immunization with Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only currently licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, TB remains a leading cause of mortality globally. There are many TB vaccine candidates in the developmental pipeline, but the lack of a robust animal model to assess vaccine efficacy has hindered our ability to prioritize candidates for human clinical trials. Here we use a murine ultra-low dose (ULD) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge model to assess protection conferred by BCG vaccination. We show that BCG confers a reduction in lung bacterial burdens that is more durable than that observed after conventional dose challenge, curbs Mtb dissemination to the contralateral lung, and, in a small percentage of mice, prevents detectable infection. These findings are consistent with the ability of human BCG vaccination to mediate protection, particularly against disseminated disease, in specific human populations and clinical settings. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the ultra-low dose Mtb infection model can measure distinct parameters of immune protection that cannot be assessed in conventional dose murine infection models and could provide an improved platform for TB vaccine testing.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; BCG Vaccine; Disease Models, Animal; Tuberculosis Vaccines; Vaccination; Mycobacterium bovis
PubMed: 38011264
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011825 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2023Mild traumatic brain injury or concussion is a global public concern, with an estimated annual incidence between 48 million and 96 million worldwide. It is a...
BACKGROUND
Mild traumatic brain injury or concussion is a global public concern, with an estimated annual incidence between 48 million and 96 million worldwide. It is a socioeconomical problem, and almost one-third of individuals with concussion suffer from severe persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS), with an increased risk of unemployment or terminating their studies. To date, no single treatment is available with guaranteed success. Creatine monohydrate (CrM) has shown potential as a treatment for post-concussive symptoms, having a positive impact on cognitive function, chronic fatigue, depression, and anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of CrM on PPCS assessed using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ).
METHODS
The study is designed as a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Study participants are found through neurological outpatient clinics in Denmark or through social media. They will be between 25 and 35 years of age, will have suffered from PPCS for 6-12 months prior to inclusion, and will have no comorbidities. The participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention group (INT), placebo group (PLA), or control group (CG). Baseline data will be collected immediately after inclusion, and the study period will be 7 weeks. Follow-up data will be collected 1 week after the end of the study period. The primary outcome of the study is changes in RPQ score. Changes in weight and training status will be adjusted for as potential confounders.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This protocol is approved by the National Committee on Health Research (97508) and by the Danish Data Protection Agency 11.651. The investigators intend to submit their study findings for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminate the findings via presentation at academic meetings/conferences.: NCT05562232, registered September 30, 2022.
PubMed: 37475743
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1209548 -
American Journal of Medical Quality :...The goal of this article is to describe an integrated parallel process for the co-development of written and computable clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to accelerate...
The goal of this article is to describe an integrated parallel process for the co-development of written and computable clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to accelerate adoption and increase the impact of guideline recommendations in clinical practice. From February 2018 through December 2021, interdisciplinary work groups were formed after an initial Kaizen event and using expert consensus and available literature, produced a 12-phase integrated process (IP). The IP includes activities, resources, and iterative feedback loops for developing, implementing, disseminating, communicating, and evaluating CPGs. The IP incorporates guideline standards and informatics practices and clarifies how informaticians, implementers, health communicators, evaluators, and clinicians can help guideline developers throughout the development and implementation cycle to effectively co-develop written and computable guidelines. More efficient processes are essential to create actionable CPGs, disseminate and communicate recommendations to clinical end users, and evaluate CPG performance. Pilot testing is underway to determine how this IP expedites the implementation of CPGs into clinical practice and improves guideline uptake and health outcomes.
PubMed: 37668271
DOI: 10.1097/JMQ.0000000000000137 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023The aggregation of cancer cells provides a survival signal for disseminating cancer cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using...
The aggregation of cancer cells provides a survival signal for disseminating cancer cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using qPCR gene arrays, this study investigated the changes in cancer-specific genes as well as genes regulating mitochondrial quality control, metabolism, and oxidative stress in response to aggregation and hypoxia in our progressive ovarian cancer models representing slow- and fast-developing ovarian cancer. Aggregation increased the expression of anti-apoptotic, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenic, mitophagic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes and functions, and decreased proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and mitochondrial content genes and functions. The incorporation of stromal vascular cells (SVF) from obese mice into the spheroids increased DNA repair and telomere regulatory genes that may represent a link between obesity and ovarian cancer risk. While glucose had no effect, glutamine was essential for aggregation and supported proliferation of the spheroid. In contrast, low glucose and hypoxic culture conditions delayed adhesion and outgrowth capacity of the spheroids independent of their phenotype, decreased mitochondrial mass and polarity, and induced a shift of mitochondrial dynamics towards mitophagy. However, these conditions did not reduce the appearance of polarized mitochondria at adhesion sites, suggesting that adhesion signals that either reversed mitochondrial fragmentation or induced mitobiogenesis can override the impact of low glucose and oxygen levels. Thus, the plasticity of the spheroids' phenotype supports viability during dissemination, allows for the adaptation to changing conditions such as oxygen and nutrient availability. This may be critical for the development of an aggressive cancer phenotype and, therefore, could represent druggable targets for clinical interventions.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Female; Mice; Ovarian Neoplasms; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Hypoxia; Glucose
PubMed: 37834315
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914867 -
Cureus Sep 2023Granulomatous rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. We present the case of a 30-year-old woman with a three-month history of erythematous monomorphic papules...
Granulomatous rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. We present the case of a 30-year-old woman with a three-month history of erythematous monomorphic papules and nodules on the cheeks and forehead. Histopathological examinations revealed tuberculoid granulomas with multinucleated giant cells. Granulomatous rosacea should be differentiated from other similar granulomatous skin diseases such as cutaneous sarcoidosis and Lupus miliaris disseminates faciei.
PubMed: 37724096
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45391 -
BMJ Open Nov 2023Spinal orthosis is a common conservative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and a large body of compelling evidence from systemic review studies...
INTRODUCTION
Spinal orthosis is a common conservative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and a large body of compelling evidence from systemic review studies strongly supports the use of spinal orthosis treatment in patients with this condition. To further improve our understanding of the available data, the aim of this study is to develop and propose a protocol for a scoping review of systematic reviews of studies that investigated the effectiveness of orthotic treatment in patients with AIS. Systematic synthesis and understanding of the data will improve the efficacy of spinal orthosis treatment in this patient population.
METHOD AND ANALYSIS
Using the scoping review methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley in 2005, we developed and herewith propose a scoping review protocol to evaluate systematic reviews of studies that investigated the effectiveness of orthotic treatment in AIS. Our proposed scoping review proposal is briefly described, as follows. A search of seven online databases will be conducted to identify systematic reviews published in English language from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2023, and grey literature and reference lists of included articles will also be searched. A two-stage screening process consisting of a title and abstract screening and a full-text review will be used to determine articles' eligibility. All eligible articles will be extracted, charted and evaluated using Assessing the MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews Version 2 (AMSTAR-2) critical appraisal tool. The charted data will be quantitatively analysed and summarised, and qualitatively analysed using narrative synthesis.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
No primary data will be collected; therefore, ethics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through national and international conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Scoliosis; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Medicine; Peer Review; Conservative Treatment; Kyphosis; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 37940156
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078064 -
BMJ Open Dec 2023While ensuring appropriate growth is essential for all children, optimising nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is critical for improving health...
INTRODUCTION
While ensuring appropriate growth is essential for all children, optimising nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is critical for improving health outcomes. Nutritional challenges in CF are multifactorial and malnutrition is common. While gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) can improve weight status in individuals with CF, they also have common and chronic complications resulting in clinical equipoise. To date, factors influencing G-tube decision-making among caregivers of children with CF have not been systematically explored. This review aims to chart existing knowledge about caregivers' decisional needs related to G-tube placement, with a focus on caregivers of children with CF, as well as known medical and psychosocial benefits and risks of G-tube feedings in paediatric care.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
This scoping review will follow the JBI methodological framework. We will include articles published between 1 January 1985 and 1 November 2023 in English and Spanish from MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science related to G-tube decision-making. Articles published in languages besides English and Spanish will be excluded. Articles will be screened for final eligibility and inclusion according to title and abstract, followed by full texts. Articles will be independently reviewed by two reviewers and any disagreements discussed with a third reviewer for consensus. We will map themes and concepts, and data extracted will be presented in tabular, diagrams and descriptive summaries.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
As a form of secondary analysis, scoping reviews do not require ethics approval. This review will inform future research with caregivers involved in G-tube decision-making for children with CF. The final review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed scientific journal, disseminated at relevant academic conferences and will be shared with patients and clinicians.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Center for Open Science. https://osf.io/g4pdb.
Topics: Child; Humans; Gastrostomy; Cystic Fibrosis; Caregivers; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Consensus; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic
PubMed: 38149423
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076539 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023OXA-232 is one of the most common OXA-48-like carbapenemase derivatives and is widely disseminated in nosocomial settings across countries. The gene is located on a...
OXA-232 is one of the most common OXA-48-like carbapenemase derivatives and is widely disseminated in nosocomial settings across countries. The gene is located on a 6-kb non-conjugative ColKP3-type plasmid, while the dissemination of into different species and the polyclonal dissemination of OXA-232-producing revealed the horizontal transfer of . However, it's still unclear how this non-conjugative ColKP3 plasmid could facilitate the mobilization of . Here, we observed the intraspecies transfer of during a nosocomial outbreak of OXA-232-producing . We demonstrated the presence of ColKP3 OXA-232 plasmid in the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from clinical isolates, and OMVs could facilitate the horizontal transfer of among . In contrast, for the most prevalent carbapenemase genes, including and , though the presence of carbapenemase genes and plasmid backbones in the vesicular lumen was observed, OMVs couldn't promote effective transformation, probably due to the low copy number of plasmids in clinical isolates and the low number of plasmids loaded into vesicles. Conjugation assay revealed that the epidemic IncX3 NDM-1 and IncFII(pHN7A8)/IncR KPC-2 plasmids were conjugative and could be horizontally transferred via independent conjugation or with the help of a co-existent conjugative plasmid. For the large-size and low-copy number conjugative plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes, OMVs-mediated gene exchange may only serve as an alternative pathway for horizontal transfer. In conclusion, diverse mobilization strategies were employed by plasmids harboring carbapenemase genes, and plasmids display a proper choice of mobility pathway due to their individual properties.
PubMed: 38044873
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2290840 -
BMJ Open Dec 2023Healthcare systems are currently facing challenges in enhancing access and improving the quality of healthcare services around the world, and one of the innovative...
INTRODUCTION
Healthcare systems are currently facing challenges in enhancing access and improving the quality of healthcare services around the world, and one of the innovative strategies that have been used to address such challenges is the positive deviance (PD) approach. The approach assumes that identifying, examining, understanding and disseminating solutions to problems that are already available within the community and organisations including the healthcare system can help in bringing improvements at scale. However, to the best of the researcher's knowledge, there is no scoping review, that is, conducted to map and synthesise the available evidence on the use of the PD approach for healthcare system service improvements. Hence, this scoping review aims to map and synthesise resources on the methodologies and reported outcomes and identify gaps and potentials regarding the use of the PD approach in the healthcare system.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
Articles will be searched and retrieved in research databases such as PubMed, Embase and Scopus. Retrieved articles will be screened independently for inclusion through a title and, or abstract review. Then, articles that passed the title and abstract review will be screened by reading the full texts. A descriptive mapping and synthesis of the literature will be employed to present data using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and data will be presented in text, figure and table formats.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The results of this scoping review will be published in peer-reviewed reputable international journals. Furthermore, it will also be disseminated through conference presentations, and popular press to the wider community. However, formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected.
Topics: Humans; Checklist; Databases, Factual; Delivery of Health Care; Peer Review; Research Design; Review Literature as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Clinical Protocols
PubMed: 38101832
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078809