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Bioorganic Chemistry Nov 2023The study investigated the structure-activity relationship of newly synthesized dye-linker-macrocycle (DLM) conjugates and the effect of each component on various...
The study investigated the structure-activity relationship of newly synthesized dye-linker-macrocycle (DLM) conjugates and the effect of each component on various biological properties, including cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, intracellular localization, interaction with DNA and photodynamic effects. The conjugates were synthesized by combining 1,8-naphthalimide and thioxanthone dyes with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) and 1-aza-12-crown-4 (1A12C4) using alkyl linkers of different lengths. The results revealed significant differences in biological activity among the various series of conjugates. Particularly, 1A12C4 conjugates exhibited notably higher cytotoxicity compared to cyclen conjugates. Conjugation with 1A12C4 proved to be an effective strategy for increasing cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of small-molecule conjugates. In addition, the results highlighted the critical role of linker length in modulating the biological activity of DLM conjugates. It became clear that the choice of each component (dye, macrocycle and linker) could significantly alter the biological activity of the conjugates.
Topics: Cyclams; Biological Transport; Antineoplastic Agents; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 37659149
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106782 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Sep 2023Near-infrared (NIR) organic small molecule dyes (OSMDs) are effective photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their advantages of low cost and... (Review)
Review
Near-infrared (NIR) organic small molecule dyes (OSMDs) are effective photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their advantages of low cost and toxicity, good biodegradation, and strong NIR absorption over a wide wavelength range. Nevertheless, OSMDs have limited applicability in PTT due to their low photothermal conversion efficiency and inadequate destruction of tumor regions that are nonirradiated by NIR light. However, they can also act as photosensitizers (PSs) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be further eradicated by using ROS-related therapies to address the above limitations of PTT. In this review, the synergistic mechanism, composition, and properties of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-PTT nanoplatforms were comprehensively discussed. In addition, some specific strategies for further improving the combined PTT and PDT based on OSMDs for cancer to completely eradicate cancer cells were outlined. These strategies include performing image-guided co-therapy, enhancing tumor infiltration, increasing HO or O in the tumor microenvironment, and loading anticancer drugs onto nanoplatforms to enable combined therapy with phototherapy and chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the intriguing prospects and challenges of this treatment modality were also summarized with a focus on the future trends of its clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Photothermal Therapy; Reactive Oxygen Species; Hydrogen Peroxide; Phototherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Nanoparticles; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37759287
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02111-x -
The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology... Nov 2023In the past, dye-spraying chromoendoscopy was the technique of choice for colonic surveillance in patients with long-standing extensive inflammatory bowel disease....
BACKGROUND/AIMS
In the past, dye-spraying chromoendoscopy was the technique of choice for colonic surveillance in patients with long-standing extensive inflammatory bowel disease. Recent evidence suggests that virtual chromoendoscopy is an equally acceptable technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eleven gastroenterologists were given a survey with 20 pairs of pictures from inflammatory bowel disease surveillance colonoscopies (10 with nondysplastic lesions, 5 with dysplastic lesions, and 5 with no lesions). Each pair contained the same image captured during colonoscopy using indigo carmine and narrow-band imaging. For each picture, the gastroenterologist assessed the presence/absence of lesion and, when a lesion was identified, assessed the presence/absence of dysplasia and delineated its margins. To compare lesion and dysplasia detection between techniques, sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver agreement were calculated. The chi-square test was used to assess the accuracy of margins delineation.
RESULTS
When assessing lesion and dysplasia detection, similar sensitivity and specificity values were obtained for both techniques. Interobserver agreement analysis revealed that dye-spraying chromoendoscopy and virtual chromoendoscopy had a moderate agreement in lesion detection but, for dysplasia detection, dye-spraying chromoendoscopy had a slight agreement [K = 0.11 (0.03-0.18), P < .01] and virtual chromoendoscopy a fair agreement [K = 0.30 (0.22-0.37), P < .01]. Margin delineation was similar between techniques.
CONCLUSION
Sensitivity and specificity for lesion and dysplasia detection, as well as the accuracy of margins delineation, were similar between dye-spraying chromoendoscopy and virtual chromoendoscopy. Interobserver agreement for dysplasia detection was suboptimal in both techniques; however, it was superior when using virtual chromoendoscopy. These findings suggest that virtual chromoendoscopy constitutes a valid alternative for dysplasia screening in inflammatory bowel disease.
Topics: Humans; Coloring Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Colonoscopy; Colonic Diseases; Hyperplasia
PubMed: 37768309
DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22766 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024As an important barrier between the cytoplasm and the microenvironment of the cell, the cell membrane is essential for the maintenance of normal cellular physiological... (Review)
Review
As an important barrier between the cytoplasm and the microenvironment of the cell, the cell membrane is essential for the maintenance of normal cellular physiological activities. An abnormal cell membrane is a crucial symbol of body dysfunction and the occurrence of variant diseases; therefore, the visualization and monitoring of biomolecules associated with cell membranes and disease markers are of utmost importance in revealing the biological functions of cell membranes. Due to their biocompatibility, programmability, and modifiability, DNA nanomaterials have become increasingly popular in cell fluorescence imaging in recent years. In addition, DNA nanomaterials can be combined with the cell membrane in a specific manner to enable the real-time imaging of signal molecules on the cell membrane, allowing for the real-time monitoring of disease occurrence and progression. This article examines the recent application of DNA nanomaterials for fluorescence imaging on cell membranes. First, we present the conditions for imaging DNA nanomaterials in the cell membrane microenvironment, such as the ATP, pH, etc. Second, we summarize the imaging applications of cell membrane receptors and other molecules. Finally, some difficulties and challenges associated with DNA nanomaterials in the imaging of cell membranes are presented.
Topics: Humans; Cell Membrane; Membranes; Cytoplasm; Optical Imaging; Coloring Agents; DNA; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38202850
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010267 -
Cellular Signalling Sep 2023Genetically encoded Ca indicators have become widely used in cell signalling studies as they offer advantages over cell-loaded dye indicators in enabling specific...
Genetically encoded Ca indicators have become widely used in cell signalling studies as they offer advantages over cell-loaded dye indicators in enabling specific cellular or subcellular targeting. Comparing responses from dye and protein-based indicators may provide information about indicator properties and cell physiology, but side-by-side recordings in cells are scarce. In this study, we compared cytoplasmic Ca concentration ([Ca]) changes in insulin-secreting β-cells recorded with commonly used dyes and indicators based on circularly permuted fluorescent proteins. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging of K depolarization-triggered submembrane [Ca] increases showed that the dyes Fluo-4 and Fluo-5F mainly reported stable [Ca] elevations, whereas the proteins R-GECO1 and GCaMP5G more often reported distinct [Ca] spikes from an elevated level. [Ca] spiking occurred also in glucose-stimulated cells. The spikes reflected Ca release from the endoplasmic reticulum, triggered by autocrine activation of purinergic receptors after exocytotic release of ATP and/or ADP, and the spikes were consequently prevented by SERCA inhibition or P2Y-receptor antagonism. Widefield imaging, which monitors the entire cytoplasm, increased the spike detection by the Ca dyes. The indicator-dependent response patterns were unrelated to Ca binding affinity, buffering and mobility, and probably reflects the much slower dissociation kinetics of protein compared to dye indicators. Ca dyes thus report signalling within the submembrane space excited by TIRF illumination, whereas the protein indicators also catch Ca events originating outside this volume. The study highlights that voltage-dependent Ca entry in β-cells is tightly linked to local intracellular Ca release mediated via an autocrine route that may be more important than previously reported direct Ca effects on phospholipase C or on intracellular channels mediating calcium-induced calcium release.
Topics: Calcium; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Signal Transduction; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Coloring Agents; Calcium Signaling; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 37437828
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110805 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Lignosulfonate/polyaniline (LS/PANI) nanocomposite adsorbent materials were prepared by the chemical polymerization of lignosulfonate with an aniline monomer as a dopant...
Lignosulfonate/polyaniline (LS/PANI) nanocomposite adsorbent materials were prepared by the chemical polymerization of lignosulfonate with an aniline monomer as a dopant and structure-directing agent, and the adsorption behavior of dyes as well as heavy metal ions was investigated. LS/PANI composites were used as dye adsorbents for the removal of different cationic dyes (malachite green, methylene blue, and crystal violet). The adsorption behavior of LS/PANI composites as dye adsorbents for malachite green was investigated by examining the effects of the adsorbent dosage, solution pH, initial concentration of dye, adsorption time, and temperature on the adsorption properties of this dye. The following conclusions were obtained. The optimum adsorption conditions for the removal of malachite green dye when LS/PANI composites were used as malachite green dye adsorbents were as follows: an adsorbent dosage of 20 mg, an initial concentration of the dye of 250 mg/L, an adsorption time of 300 min, and a temperature of 358 K. The LS/PANI composite adsorbed malachite green dye in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which belongs to chemisorption-based monomolecular adsorption, and the equilibrium adsorption amount was 245.75 mg/g. In particular, the adsorption of heavy metal ion Pb was investigated, and the removal performance was also favorable for Pb.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Lead; Metals, Heavy; Aniline Compounds; Ions; Lignin; Rosaniline Dyes
PubMed: 38203303
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010133 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The development of the textile industry has negative effects on the natural environment. Cotton cultivation, dyeing fabrics, washing, and finishing require a lot of... (Review)
Review
The development of the textile industry has negative effects on the natural environment. Cotton cultivation, dyeing fabrics, washing, and finishing require a lot of water and energy and use many chemicals. One of the most dangerous pollutants generated by the textile industry is dyes. Most of them are characterized by a complex chemical structure and an unfavorable impact on the environment. Especially azo dyes, whose decomposition by bacteria may lead to the formation of carcinogenic aromatic amines and raise a lot of concern. Using the metabolic potential of microorganisms that biodegrade dyes seems to be a promising solution for their elimination from contaminated environments. The development of omics sciences such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has allowed for a comprehensive approach to the processes occurring in cells. Especially multi-omics, which combines data from different biomolecular levels, providing an integrative understanding of the whole biodegradation process. Thanks to this, it is possible to elucidate the molecular basis of the mechanisms of dye biodegradation and to develop effective methods of bioremediation of dye-contaminated environments.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Biodegradation, Environmental; Textiles; Genomics; Metabolomics; Textile Industry; Proteomics; Bacteria
PubMed: 38930836
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122771 -
International Journal of Surgery... Oct 2023Fluorescent lymphography-guided lymphadenectomy (FL) for gastric cancer is gaining popularity. However, its impact on prognosis is not known. This study aimed to assess...
BACKGROUND
Fluorescent lymphography-guided lymphadenectomy (FL) for gastric cancer is gaining popularity. However, its impact on prognosis is not known. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of FL in gastric cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study retrospectively analyzed 5678 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy from 2013 to 2017. The survival was compared between the FLFL group and the conventional lymphadenectomy (non-FL group) using 1:1 propensity score matching after exclusion. Patients in the FL group underwent gastrectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy after endoscopic peritumoral injection of indocyanine green the day before surgery.
RESULTS
After propensity score matching, the FL and non-FL groups each had 1064 patients with similar demographic and clinicopathological characteristics. All matched variables had a standardized mean difference under 0.1. The FL group showed a significantly higher number of retrieved lymph nodes (56.2±20.1) than the non-FL group (46.2±18.2, P <0.001). The FL group also had more stage III patients ( P= 0.044) than the non-FL group. The FL group demonstrated higher overall survival ( P= 0.038) and relapse-free survival ( P= 0.036) in stage III compared with the non-FL group. However, no significant differences in overall and relapse-free survival were observed between the two groups for stages I ( P= 0.420 and P= 0.120, respectively) and II ( P= 0.200 and P= 0.280, respectively).
CONCLUSION
FL demonstrated a higher survival in stage III gastric cancer patients by the more accurate staging resulting from larger lymph node retrieval. Thus, given its potential to improve prognostication by enhancing staging accuracy, it is recommended as an option to consider the use of FL in clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Lymphography; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Lymph Nodes; Lymph Node Excision; Coloring Agents; Gastrectomy; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 37352518
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000572 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023L. is largely cultivated because it is the source of saffron, a well-appreciated and valued spice, not only for its culinary use but also because of its significant... (Review)
Review
L. is largely cultivated because it is the source of saffron, a well-appreciated and valued spice, not only for its culinary use but also because of its significant biological activities. Stigmas are the main product obtained from flowers, but in addition, tepals, largely considered a waste product, represent a big source of flavonoids and anthocyanins. This study aimed to delve into the phytochemical composition of saffron tepals and investigate whether the composition was influenced by the extraction technique while investigating the main analytical techniques most suitable for the characterization of tepal extracts. The research focuses on flavonoids, a class of secondary metabolites, and their health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Flavonoids occur as aglycones and glycosides and are classified into various classes, such as flavones, flavonols, and flavanones. The most abundant flavonoids in tepals are kaempferol glycosides, followed by quercetin and isorhamnetin glycosides. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential uses of tepals as a source of bioactive compounds and their applications in various fields, promoting a circular and sustainable economy in saffron cultivation and processing.
Topics: Crocus; Anthocyanins; Flavonoids; Spices; Glycosides; Biological Products; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 37630227
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165976 -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Aug 2023Although ICG-FA may be valuable in assessing anastomotic perfusion, reliable data on its use in pediatric gastrointestinal surgery is lacking. This systematic review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Although ICG-FA may be valuable in assessing anastomotic perfusion, reliable data on its use in pediatric gastrointestinal surgery is lacking. This systematic review analyzes whether ICG is useful for intestinal perfusion assessment in pediatric gastrointestinal surgery and safe to use in neonates.
METHODS
Systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE & MEDLINE and CENTRAL were performed (last conducted December 6, 2021). The main inclusion criteria were (1) use of ICG for intestinal perfusion assessment and (2) use of ICG in young infants. Exclusion criteria were lack of an English or Dutch full-text and MINORS quality score <60%. Data was presented in overview tables. The usefulness in pediatric gastrointestinal surgery was assessed by surgical outcome. Safety of ICG in neonates was assessed by complication or adverse event occurrence.
RESULTS
Regarding intestinal perfusion assessment, four studies were included, reporting 45 patients (median age 1.5 years). ICG was considered useful for anastomotic blood flow evaluation and intraoperative determination of resection length. Regarding ICG safety in neonates, eight studies were included, reporting 46 infants (median age 24.9 days), of which 18 neonates. All but one studies reported the absence of complications or adverse events. Two studies reported subcutaneous dye retention, which fully disappeared within two weeks.
CONCLUSION
Although the number of available studies is small, ICG might be useful for intraoperative intestinal perfusion assessment, perhaps even more than conventional clinical assessment. Furthermore, its safety profile looks promising in neonates. Larger prospective studies are necessary to confirm these assumptions and seem warranted given the safety profile.
LEVELS OF EVIDENCE
Since this is a systematic review, a Level of Evidence for clinical studies cannot be determined for this manuscript.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Child; Infant; Indocyanine Green; Fluorescein Angiography; Anastomotic Leak; Coloring Agents; Prospective Studies; Feasibility Studies; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Anastomosis, Surgical
PubMed: 36404183
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.10.045