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BMC Oral Health Jan 2024Although periodontitis has previously been reported to be linked with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the molecular mechanisms and pathological interactions between the two...
BACKGROUND
Although periodontitis has previously been reported to be linked with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the molecular mechanisms and pathological interactions between the two remain unclear. This study aims to explore potential crosstalk genes and pathways between periodontitis and MS.
METHODS
Periodontitis and MS data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Shared genes were identified by differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Then, enrichment analysis for the shared genes was carried out by multiple methods. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to obtain potential shared diagnostic genes. Furthermore, the expression profile of 28 immune cells in periodontitis and MS was examined using single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). Finally, real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR (qRT-PCR) and immune histochemical staining were employed to validate Hub gene expressions in periodontitis and MS samples.
RESULTS
FAM46C, SLC7A7, LY96, CFI, DDIT4L, CD14, C5AR1, and IGJ genes were the shared genes between periodontitis, and MS. GO analysis revealed that the shared genes exhibited the greatest enrichment in response to molecules of bacterial origin. LASSO analysis indicated that CFI, DDIT4L, and FAM46C were the most effective shared diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis and MS, which were further validated by qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. ssGSEA analysis revealed that T and B cells significantly influence the development of MS and periodontitis.
CONCLUSIONS
FAM46C, SLC7A7, LY96, CFI, DDIT4L, CD14, C5AR1, and IGJ were the most important crosstalk genes between periodontitis, and MS. Further studies found that CFI, DDIT4L, and FAM46C were potential biomarkers in periodontitis and MS.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Genes, Bacterial; Coloring Agents; Databases, Factual; Periodontitis; Amino Acid Transport System y+L
PubMed: 38218802
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03846-7 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Jul 2023The succinate receptor (SUCNR1) has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of various metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including hypertension, inflammatory...
The succinate receptor (SUCNR1) has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of various metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. While several ligands for this receptor have been reported, species differences in pharmacology between human and rodent orthologs have limited the validation of SUCNR1's therapeutic potential. Here, we describe the development of the first potent fluorescent tool compounds for SUCNR1 and use these to define key differences in ligand binding to human and mouse SUCNR1. Starting from known agonist scaffolds, we developed a potent agonist tracer, TUG-2384 (), with affinity for both human and mouse SUCNR1. In addition, we developed a novel antagonist tracer, TUG-2465 (), which displayed high affinity for human SUCNR1. Using we demonstrate that three humanizing mutations on mouse SUCNR1, N18E, K269N, and G84W, are sufficient to restore high-affinity binding of SUCNR1 antagonists to the mouse receptor ortholog.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Succinic Acid; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 37318348
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00552 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024This study addressed the harmful effects of artificial colors in pediatric populations, including children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention... (Review)
Review
This study addressed the harmful effects of artificial colors in pediatric populations, including children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as those without behavioral disorders. There is a consensus that synthetic food colorings have several impacts on consumers, especially pediatrics, due to their influence on sensory appeal, which can encourage preference for certain foods. The results revealed that these color additives are directly linked to a series of health problems, with a greater impact on children, including a predisposition to pathological conditions such as carcinogenic, allergenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, and clastogenic activities, as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, in addition to behavioral changes in children with and without diagnosed disorders. The harms of synthetic dyes in children with or without comorbidities are worrying and require a careful and proactive approach from parents, caregivers and public authorities.
Topics: Humans; Child; Food Coloring Agents; Child Health; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38928929
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060682 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023Amazonian strains of Cyathus spp. and Geastrum spp. were studied for the ability to discolor the trypan blue azo dye and reduce its toxicity. Discoloration of trypan...
Amazonian strains of Cyathus spp. and Geastrum spp. were studied for the ability to discolor the trypan blue azo dye and reduce its toxicity. Discoloration of trypan blue dye (0.05%) was evaluated in solid and aqueous medium over different periods. The reduction of dye toxicity after treatment was assessed by seed germination and the development of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) and toxicity test in Artemia salina (L.) larvae. All evaluated strains showed the potential to reduce the color intensity of trypan blue dye. Cyathus strains reached 96% discoloration, and C. albinus and C. limbatus also reduced dye toxicity. Geastrum strains showed a high efficiency degree in color reduction, reaching 98% discoloration, however, the by-products generated during the process presented toxicity and require further investigation. For the first time, Amazonian strains of gasteroid fungi degrading trypan blue are reported, some even reducing its toxicity. Thus, making them promising sources of enzymes of interest to bioremediation scenarios involving synthetic dyes.
Topics: Trypan Blue; Azo Compounds; Biodegradation, Environmental; Basidiomycota; Fungi; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 38055583
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277577 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Mar 2024One of the major environmental problems we have today is dye pollution, primarily caused by the textile industry. This pollution has detrimental effects on aquatic life,...
One of the major environmental problems we have today is dye pollution, primarily caused by the textile industry. This pollution has detrimental effects on aquatic life, soil fertility, and human health. Many microbial biosorbents have been documented in the literature for the removal of a wide range of azo dyes commonly employed in the textile industry. However, Yarrowia lipolytica NBRC1658 is firstly used as both free and immobilized sorbents for the removal of Reactive yellow 18 (RY18), acid red 18 (AR18) and basic blue 41 (BB41) in this study. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH, biosorbent quantity, dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on dye removal capacity are examined. The research findings demonstrate that the adsorption capacity is higher in biomass compared to immobilized cells. The highest adsorption capacities are observed at pH 2 for RY18 and AR18, while pH 9 is optimal for BB41. Increasing the adsorbent dosage and initial concentration significantly improves the adsorption capacity. The Langmuir model best describes the adsorption process, indicating that the dye attaches to the biosorbent in a single layer, with a uniform biosorbent surface. The removal of the dye occurs through a chemical process on the biosorbent surface, as evidenced by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to thermodynamic analysis, higher temperatures promote greater adsorption of dyes. Our study shows the effectiveness of Yarrowia lipolyica NBRC1658 as a biosorbent in the removal of a wide range of industrial dyes.
Topics: Humans; Yarrowia; Adsorption; Biomass; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Thermodynamics; Coloring Agents; Kinetics; Azo Compounds; Naphthalenesulfonates
PubMed: 38514578
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03949-5 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Blue emissions in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are essential for their application in solid-state lighting and full-colour flat panel displays. On the other... (Review)
Review
Blue emissions in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are essential for their application in solid-state lighting and full-colour flat panel displays. On the other hand, high-power blue emitters are still uncommon, especially those that can achieve the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE, X, Y) coordinates of (0.14, 0.08) in the National Television System Committee (NTSC) blue standard and have high external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of more than 5% because their molecular design presents an enormous challenge. Therefore, creating effective, stable, pure, and deep blue fluorescent materials is vital. Here, it is addressed how useful blue fluorescent Zn (II) complexes are for making organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Utilizing Zn (II) complexes is appealing because of their favourable luminous characteristics, acceptance and mobility, and affordability. This mini-review article aims to provide an overview of Zn (II) complexes that emit blue fluorescent light and have been reported since 2018, while highlighting the unique qualities that make them appropriate OLED materials.
Topics: Zinc; Excipients; Coloring Agents; Data Accuracy; Light
PubMed: 37446930
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135272 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Aug 2023Azo dyes, including Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, and Carmoisine, are added to foods to provide color, but they have no value with regard to nutrition, food preservation,... (Review)
Review
Azo dyes, including Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, and Carmoisine, are added to foods to provide color, but they have no value with regard to nutrition, food preservation, or health benefits. Because of their availability, affordability, stability, and low cost, and because they provide intense coloration to the product without contributing unwanted flavors, the food industry often prefers to use synthetic azo dyes rather than natural colorants. Food dyes have been tested by regulatory agencies responsible for guaranteeing consumer safety. Nevertheless, the safety of these colorants remains controversial; they have been associated with adverse effects, particularly due to the reduction and cleavage of the azo bond. Here, we review the features, classification, regulation, toxicity, and alternatives to the use of azo dyes in food.
Topics: Azo Compounds; Tartrazine; Coloring Agents; Food; Food Industry; Food Coloring Agents
PubMed: 37429408
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113935 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024StayGold is a bright fluorescent protein (FP) that is over one order of magnitude more photostable than any of the currently available FPs across the full range of...
StayGold is a bright fluorescent protein (FP) that is over one order of magnitude more photostable than any of the currently available FPs across the full range of illumination intensities used in widefield microscopy and structured illumination microscopy, the latter of which is a widefield illumination-based technique. To compare the photostability of StayGold under other illumination modes with that of three other green-emitting FPs, namely EGFP, mClover3, and mNeonGreen, we expressed all four FPs as fusions to histone 2B in HeLa cells. Unlike the case of widefield microscopy, the photobleaching behavior of these FPs in laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is complicated. The outstanding photostability of StayGold observed in multi-beam LSCM was variably attenuated in single-beam LSCM, which produces intermittent and instantaneously strong illumination. We systematically examined the effects of different single-beam LSCM beam-scanning patterns on the photostability of the FPs in living HeLa cells. This study offers relevant guidelines for researchers who aim to achieve sustainable live cell imaging by resolving problems related to FP photostability. We also provide evidence for measurable sensitivity of the photostability of StayGold to chemical fixation.
Topics: Humans; Lighting; HeLa Cells; Light; Coloring Agents; Microscopy, Confocal
PubMed: 38448511
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55213-3 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... 2023To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used...
To evaluate the risks of hair dye exposure, we investigated cellular and molecular effects of Arianor Ebony dye, which is a mixture of azo and anthraquinone dyes, used in the composition of the black color. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and gene expression of relevant molecules of apoptotic and oxidative stress mechanisms were investigated in HepG2 cells exposed to Arianor Ebony. Results showed that the dye did not induce cytotoxicity to exposed cells at a concentration up to 50 µg/mL compared to the negative control. However, genotoxic assays indicated that the dye was able to damage the genetic material at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, with induction factor values of exposed cells two- to five-fold higher than those recorded for the negative control. Moreover, the lowest observed effect concentration was 12.5 µg/mL. For gene expression, relevant changes were observed in cytochrome c and caspase 9, which decreased in cells incubated with the dye in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the negative control. In parallel, the expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes was increased in exposed cells, suggesting the presence of metabolic routes that protect cells against the toxic effect of the dye, avoiding exacerbated cellular death. Results suggested that the dye disrupted cellular homeostasis through mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be hazardous to human health. Thus, further investigations are necessary to deeply understand the mechanisms of action of the dye, considering its toxic potential found in our ex vivo assays.
Topics: Humans; Hair Dyes; Hep G2 Cells
PubMed: 37493773
DOI: 10.1590/1414-431X2023e12777 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2023In the present study we investigated the capacities of a panel of 25 solid sorbents represented by layered structures, inorganic oxides and hydroxides, and...
In the present study we investigated the capacities of a panel of 25 solid sorbents represented by layered structures, inorganic oxides and hydroxides, and phyllosilicates, to effectively remove in high yield Tartrazine (E102) and Brilliant Blue FCF (E133) from aqueous solutions, and more notable, green colored food matrices. Quantification of the title compounds have been achieved by HPLC-DAD analyses. Contents of E102 and E133 in real samples were in the range 1.3-36.5 μg/mL and 1.0-20.1 μg/mL, respectively. After a treatment of 1 min., in most cases a complete bleaching of solutions and deep coloring of the solid phase was recorded. The most effective solids to this aim were seen to be aluminium based ayered double hydroxides. In the case of magnesium oxide for E102, and magnesium aluminium D. benzensulfonate SDS 01 H8L and Florisil for E133, a selective adsorption (>99.9 %) of only one dye was observed. The adsorption recorded was strictly dependent on the loading of the sorbent. Related values were 300 mg for the separation of E102 by magnesium oxide from all the five food matrices under investigation, and in the range 200 mg-300 mg for magnesium aluminium D. benzensulfonate SDS 01 H8L and Florisil in the case of E133. The application of Langmuir and Freundlich models suggested that the adsorption may take place in the inner layers of the solids with a favourable thermodynamique outcome. Findings described herein offer the concrete possibility of quantifications of individual dyes in matrices containing more than one food colorant.
Topics: Tartrazine; Aluminum; Magnesium; Magnesium Oxide; Beverages; Coloring Agents
PubMed: 37689866
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113094