-
Physical Therapy in Sport : Official... Nov 2023To compare hip muscle strength and functional performance in football players with and without hip dysplasia and investigate if the relationships were modified by sex.
OBJECTIVE
To compare hip muscle strength and functional performance in football players with and without hip dysplasia and investigate if the relationships were modified by sex.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
METHODS
This study compared football players with hip dysplasia (HD group) and without hip dysplasia (control group). Hip muscle strength (Nm/kg) and functional task performance were assessed in both groups. Linear regression with generalized estimating equations were used to assess differences between groups. Sex was assessed as a potential effect modifier.
RESULTS
101 football players were included (HD group, n = 50, control group, n = 51). There was no difference in hip muscle strength or functional performance between the HD group and the control group. Results ranged from hip extension strength (Estimate -0.13.95%CI: 0.29 to 0.02, P = 0.087) to hip external rotation strength (Estimate 0.00.95%CI: 0.05 to 0.05, P = 0.918). No relationships were modified by sex or age.
CONCLUSIONS
Similar levels of hip muscle strength and functional performance were found in active football players with and without hip dysplasia. These findings differ from other studies. This may be due to our cohort having less advanced hip dysplasia than the surgical populations that have been previously investigated, or due to a beneficial effect of football participation on muscle strength and functional performance in people with hip dysplasia.
Topics: Humans; Football; Hip Joint; Hip Dislocation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Muscle Strength; Groin
PubMed: 37598519
DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.08.002 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Dec 2023This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit, in order to investigate factors which influenced the severity of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit, in order to investigate factors which influenced the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia under NICHD new classification.
METHODS
Six years of clinical data with different grades of bronchopulmonary dysplasia patients were collected and analyzed, bivariate ordinal logistic regression model and multivariable ordinal logistic regression model were used with sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
We identified seven variables were associated with the severity of BPD a bivariate ordinal logistic regression model, including the level of referral hospital (OR 0.273;95% CI 0.117, 0.636), method of caffeine administration (OR 00.418;95% CI 0.177, 0.991), more than two occurrences of reintubation (OR 4.925;95% CI 1.878, 12.915), CPAP reapplication (OR 2.255;95% CI 1.059, 4.802), presence of positive sputum cultures (OR 2.574;95% CI 1.200, 5.519), the cumulative duration of invasive ventilation (OR 1.047;95% CI 1.017, 1.078), and postmenstrual age at the discontinuation of oxygen supplementation (OR 1.190;95% CI 1.027, 1.38). These seven variables were further analyzed all multivariable ordinal logistic regression models, and we found that tertiary hospital birth and early administration of caffeine could reduce the severity of BPD by approximately 70% (OR 0.263;95% CI 0.090, 0.770) and 60% (OR 0.371;95% CI 0.138, 0.995), respectively. In contrast, multiple reintubations were related to higher BPD severity with an OR of 3.358 (95% CI 1.002, 11.252).
CONCLUSION
Improving perinatal care in level II hospitals, standardized caffeine administration, and optimized extubation strategy could potentially decrease the severity of BPD.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Lung; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Gestational Age
PubMed: 37580063
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2248335 -
Redox Biology Jun 2024Premature infants often require oxygen supplementation, which can elicit bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria play...
BACKGROUND
Premature infants often require oxygen supplementation, which can elicit bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria play important roles in lung development, in both normal metabolism and apoptosis. Enhancing our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms in BPD development can facilitate the effective treatments.
METHODS
Plasma samples from BPD and non-BPD infants were collected at 36 weeks post-menstrual age and used for metabolomic analysis. Based on hyperoxia-induced animal and cell models, changes in mitophagy and apoptosis were evaluated following treatment with itaconic acid (ITA). Finally, the mechanism of action of ITA in lung development was comprehensively demonstrated through rescue strategies and administration of corresponding inhibitors.
RESULTS
An imbalance in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle significantly affected lung development, with ITA serving as a significant metabolic marker for the outcomes of lung development. ITA improved the morphological changes in BPD rats, promoted SP-C expression, and inhibited the degree of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AEC II) apoptosis. Mechanistically, ITA mainly promotes the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) to facilitate dysfunctional mitochondrial clearance and reduces apoptosis in AEC II cells by regulating autophagic flux.
CONCLUSION
The metabolic imbalance in the TCA cycle is closely related to lung development. ITA can improve lung development by regulating autophagic flux and promote the nuclear translocation of TFEB, implying its potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of BPD.
Topics: Succinates; Animals; Autophagy; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Rats; Humans; Hyperoxia; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Apoptosis; Mitochondria; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Citric Acid Cycle; Female; Mitophagy; Lung; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 38554522
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103115 -
Geburtshilfe Und Frauenheilkunde Aug 2023Gynecologic dysplasia units and dysplasia consultations are obliged to offer diagnosis and treatment in accordance with the guidelines. The organization of the...
Standardized Procedures for Patients with Dysplasia and Other Diseases of the Cervix, Vulva, and Vagina at a Certified Dysplasia Unit Prior to the Introduction of the Organized Cervical Cancer Screening Program.
Gynecologic dysplasia units and dysplasia consultations are obliged to offer diagnosis and treatment in accordance with the guidelines. The organization of the consultation process, management of patient appointments, diagnosis, and treatment algorithms are heterogeneous. The legislation arising from the new Federal Joint Committee decision, dated 22 November 2018, concerning the organized cervical cancer screening program has been in force since 1 January 2020. In this article we provide an overview of the existing structures and interdisciplinary cooperation of specialized dysplasia units incorporated in certified gynecologic cancer center. We carried out a retrospective database search of data collected prospectively from 1 July 2014 to 31 December 2019 at the dysplasia unit at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, which was the first dysplasia unit to be certified in 2014. A total of 5594 patients presented at the unit, and 16061 colposcopic, vulvoscopic, and anoscopic examinations were performed. Approximately 4100 examinations of the cervix, vagina, vulva, and anus are carried out each year, 1600 of these were exclusively cervix colposcopies. A total of 12197 cytology results were assessed, as well as 4850 histology results, and 8193 high-risk HPV tests. The quality indicators required by the dysplasia unit for annual recertification were met each year. Certified dysplasia units and consultations form the central component in the algorithm for further investigating abnormal screening results; but they are also the first point of contact for a large number of patients with acute or chronic complaints in the genital region.
PubMed: 37588259
DOI: 10.1055/a-1934-1686 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2023Natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2 or NPR-B) plays a central role in growth development and bone morphogenesis and therefore loss-of-function variations in NPR2 gene...
Natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2 or NPR-B) plays a central role in growth development and bone morphogenesis and therefore loss-of-function variations in NPR2 gene have been reported to cause Acromesomelic Dysplasia, Maroteaux type 1 and short stature. While several hypotheses have been proposed to underlie the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for these conditions, the exact mechanisms, and functional characteristics of many of those variants and their correlations with the clinical manifestations have not been fully established. In this study, we examined eight NPR2 genetic missense variants (p.Leu51Pro, p.Gly123Val, p.Leu314Arg, p.Arg318Gly, p.Arg388Gln, p.Arg495Cys, p.Arg557His, and p.Arg932Cys) Acromesomelic Dysplasia, Maroteaux type 1 and short stature located on diverse domains and broadly classified as variants of uncertain significance. The evaluated variants are either reported in patients with acromesomelic dysplasia in the homozygous state or short stature in the heterozygous state. Our investigation included the evaluation of their expression, subcellular trafficking and localization, N-glycosylation profiles, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production activity. Our results indicate that variants p.Leu51Pro, p.Gly123Val, p.Leu314Arg, p.Arg388Gln have defective cellular trafficking, being sequestered within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and consequently impaired cGMP production ability. Conversely, variants p.Arg318Gly, p.Arg495Cys, and p.Arg557His seem to display a non-statistically significant behavior that is slightly comparable to WT-NPR2. On the other hand, p.Arg932Cys which is located within the guanylyl cyclase active site displayed normal cellular trafficking profile albeit with defective cGMP. Collectively, our data highlights the genotype-phenotype relationship that might be responsible for the milder symptoms observed in short stature compared to acromesomelic dysplasia. This study enhances our understanding of the functional consequences of several NPR2 variants, shedding light on their mechanisms and roles in related genetic disorders which might also help in their pathogenicity re-classification.
PubMed: 38078000
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1294748 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Oct 2023Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is characterized by expansile fibro-osseous lesions that may occur in association with endocrinopathies as part of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)....
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is characterized by expansile fibro-osseous lesions that may occur in association with endocrinopathies as part of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS). Craniofacial FD is a significant source of morbidity and most commonly involves the gnathic bones. There is a critical need to understand the natural history and risk factors for gnathic FD progression to develop preventative trials and identify candidates for intervention. The purpose of this study was to characterize gnathic FD lesion expansion and to identify risk factors associated with lesion growth. Patients with gnathic FD and serial CT imaging were evaluated. Volumetric analyses of CT scans were performed using MIM Encore software. Generalized mixed model analysis was used to account for intra-subject correlation, with FD lesion volume as the dependent variable. In addition to age, effects of MAS-associated endocrinopathies, sex, disease severity, and bisphosphonate treatment were evaluated. A total of 104 total lesions in 52 patients were characterized longitudinally. Median age at initial scan was 8.8 years (range 3.4-18.8), and median age at final scan was 16.8 years (range 6.9-33.4 years). The median number of scans per subject was 4 (range 2-14). FD lesion volume increased with age (2.50 cm /yr, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95-3.04, p < 0.001). However, lesion expansion rate decreased over time (-0.05 cm /yr, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.04, p < 0.001). Mandibular lesions tended to expand at a greater rate than maxillary lesions (p < 0.001). Growth hormone excess was associated with accelerated expansion rate (p = 0.002). Other MAS-associated endocrinopathies, pubertal status, sex, weight, lesion density, disease severity, and bisphosphonate treatment were not associated with lesion volume or expansion. Gnathic FD lesion expansion is most rapid in younger children and declines as patients approach adulthood. The availability of quantitative natural history data will guide clinicians in identifying patients who are candidates for medical and surgical interventions and clinical trials for preventative therapies. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adult; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Young Adult; Diphosphonates; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic; Bone and Bones; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37477421
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4886 -
The American Journal of Pathology Dec 2023Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also called chronic lung disease of immaturity, afflicts approximately one third of all extremely premature infants, causing lifelong...
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also called chronic lung disease of immaturity, afflicts approximately one third of all extremely premature infants, causing lifelong lung damage. There is no effective treatment other than supportive care. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which impairs vision irreversibly, is common in BPD, suggesting a related pathogenesis. However, specific mechanisms of BPD and ROP are not known. Herein, a neonatal mouse hyperoxic model of coincident BPD and retinopathy was used to screen for candidate mediators, which revealed that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 3, was up-regulated significantly in mouse lung lavage fluid and plasma at postnatal day 14 in response to hyperoxia. Preterm infants with more severe BPD had increased plasma G-CSF. G-CSF-deficient neonatal pups showed significantly reduced alveolar simplification, normalized alveolar and airway resistance, and normalized weight gain compared with wild-type pups after hyperoxic lung injury. This was associated with a marked reduction in the intensity, and activation state, of neutrophilic and monocytic inflammation and its attendant oxidative stress response, and protection of lung endothelial cells. G-CSF deficiency also provided partial protection against ROP. The findings in this study implicate G-CSF as a pathogenic mediator of BPD and ROP, and suggest the therapeutic utility of targeting G-CSF biology to treat these conditions.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Animals; Humans; Mice; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Infant, Premature; Endothelial Cells; Lung; Hyperoxia; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Animals, Newborn
PubMed: 37673326
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.07.006 -
European Journal of Obstetrics &... Jun 2024The aim of this study was to examine the natural course of HPV infection in women of 60 years and older who were HPV positive at inclusion, and any association between...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to examine the natural course of HPV infection in women of 60 years and older who were HPV positive at inclusion, and any association between HPV positivity in historical samples and dysplasia outcome.
METHODS
Eighty-nine women aged 60-82 years, who tested positive for HPV between 2012 and 2016 were included. Sampling for cytology and/or histology was also performed. HPV genotyping was carried out on archived material back to 1999.
RESULTS
Of the 89 HPV-positive women 16 had HSIL, 34 had LSIL and 39 were benign at inclusion. Of the women with HSIL, 50.0% had the same HPV type in the archive samples, 12.5% had another type, and 37.5% were HPV negative. Among the 34 women with LSIL, 47.1% had the same HPV type in archive samples, 5.8% had another type, and 47.1% were HPV negative. Of the 39 women without dysplasia at inclusion, 25.6% had the same HPV type in archive samples, 5.1% had another HPV type and 69.2% were HPV negative.
CONCLUSION
Surprisingly few of the elderly women thus seem to have a history with the same or any HPV infection the years before being diagnosed with an HPV infection and dysplasia. The significance of an HPV infection for dysplasia development in elderly women is still not fully understood.
PubMed: 38496379
DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2024.100297 -
Hip International : the Journal of... Jan 2024Hip dysplasia is a common condition in active adults with hip pain that can lead to joint degeneration. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a common surgical treatment for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Hip dysplasia is a common condition in active adults with hip pain that can lead to joint degeneration. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a common surgical treatment for hip dysplasia. The effect of this surgery on pain, function and quality of life (QOL) has not been systematically analysed.
PURPOSE
In adults with hip dysplasia: (1) evaluate differences in pain, function and QOL in those undergoing PAO and healthy controls; (2) evaluate pre- to post-PAO changes in pain, function and QOL; (3) evaluate differences in pain, function and QOL in those with mild versus severe dysplasia, undergoing PAO; and (4) evaluate differences in pain, function and QOL in those having primary PAO versus those with previous hip arthroscopy.
METHODS
A comprehensive, reproducible search strategy was performed on 5 different databases. We included studies that assessed pain, function and QOL in adults undergoing PAO for hip dysplasia, using hip-specific patient reported outcomes measures.
RESULTS
From 5017 titles and abstracts screened, 62 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed PAO patients had worse outcomes pre- and post-PAO compared to healthy participants. Specifically, pain (standardised mean difference [SMD] 95% confidence interval [CI]): -4.05; -4.78 to -3.32), function (-2.81; -3.89 to -1.74), and QOL (-4.10; -4.43 to -3.77) were significantly poorer preoperatively.Meta-analysis found patients experienced improvements following PAO. Pain improved from pre-surgery to 1-year (standardised paired difference [SPD] 1.35; 95% CI, 1.02-1.67) and 2 years postoperatively (1.35; 1.16-1.54). For function, the activities of daily living scores at 1 year (1.22; 1.09-1.35) and 2 years (1.06; 0.9-1.22) and QOL at 1 year (1.36; 1.22-1.5) and 2 years (1.3; 1.1-1.5) all improved. No difference was found between patients undergoing PAO with mild versus severe dysplasia.
CONCLUSIONS
Before undergoing PAO surgery, adults with hip dysplasia have worse levels of pain, function and QOL compared to healthy participants. These levels improve following PAO, but do not reach the same level as their healthy participants.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42020144748).
Topics: Adult; Humans; Acetabulum; Activities of Daily Living; Arthralgia; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Hip Dislocation; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Hip Joint; Osteotomy; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37306161
DOI: 10.1177/11207000231179610 -
American Journal of Physiology. Lung... Aug 2023The development of chronic lung disease in the neonate, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common long-term complication in prematurely born...
The development of chronic lung disease in the neonate, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common long-term complication in prematurely born infants. In BPD, the disease-characteristic inflammatory response culminates in nonreversible remodeling of the developing gas exchange area, provoked by the impact of postnatal treatments such as mechanical ventilation (MV) and oxygen treatment. To evaluate the potential of prenatal treatment regimens to modulate this inflammatory response and thereby impact the vulnerability of the lung toward postnatal injury, we designed a multilayered preclinical mouse model. After administration of either prenatal vitamin D-enriched (VitD+; 1,500 IU/g food) or -deprived (VitD-; <10 IU/kg) food during gestation in C57B6 mice (the onset of mating until birth), neonatal mice were exposed to hyperoxia (Fi = 0.4) with or without MV for 8 h at of life, whereas controls spontaneously breathed room air. Prenatal vitamin D supplementation resulted in a decreased number of monocytes/macrophages in the neonatal lung undergoing postnatal injury together with reduced TGF-β pathway activation. In consequence, neonatal mice that received a VitD+ diet during gestation demonstrated less extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling upon lung injury, reflected by the reduction of pulmonary α-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts, decreased collagen and elastin deposition, and lower amounts of interstitial tissue in the lung periphery. In conclusion, our findings support strategies that attempt to prevent vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy as they could impact lung health in the offspring by mitigating inflammatory changes in neonatal lung injury and ameliorating subsequent remodeling of the developing gas exchange area. Vitamin D-enriched diet during gestation resulted in reduced lung inflammation and matrix remodeling in neonatal mice exposed to clinically relevant, postnatal injury. The results underscore the need to monitor the subclinical effects of vitamin D insufficiency that impact health in the offspring when other risk factors come into play.
Topics: Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Animals; Mice; Animals, Newborn; Lung Injury; Vitamin D; Lung; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Pneumonia; Inflammation; Hyperoxia; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37256661
DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00367.2022