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The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Aug 2023
Topics: Animals; Ethics, Medical; Education, Veterinary; Veterinary Medicine; Ethics
PubMed: 37529387
DOI: No ID Found -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Aug 2023
Topics: Animals; Ethics, Medical; Education, Veterinary; Ethics; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 37529385
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Public Health May 2024
Topics: Conflict of Interest; Humans
PubMed: 38776492
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2024.307708 -
Perfusion Mar 2024Early in 2022 the first pig to human cardiac xenotransplant was performed. The graft initially performed well, and rejection was well controlled. However, the graft... (Review)
Review
Early in 2022 the first pig to human cardiac xenotransplant was performed. The graft initially performed well, and rejection was well controlled. However, the graft failed, and the patient died 60 days after the procedure. The ethical issues relating to xenotransplantation include the risk/benefit to the individual, the risk of porcine-derived infectious agents crossing into humans, animal welfare and rights, issues of human and animal identity and concerns relating to fair allocation of organs and appropriate use of resources.These ethical issues are often addressed using emotional arguments, or through consequentialist or deontological lens. An alternative is to use approaches based on virtue ethics to understand the moral purpose () of the research and the virtues (character traits) needed to be a good research clinician. In this review we will consider the virtues of justice, courage, temperance and practical wisdom, as well as the role of clinical curiosity, and their application to xenotransplantation. This provides an alternative approach for the clinical academic and others involved in the research to reflect on their practice.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Virtues; Transplantation, Heterologous; Morals; Ethical Theory; Social Justice
PubMed: 36382884
DOI: 10.1177/02676591221140767 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2023This review describes the clinical ethics committees in Denmark. The clinical ethics committee is an interdisciplinary committee at a hospital intended to analyse... (Review)
Review
This review describes the clinical ethics committees in Denmark. The clinical ethics committee is an interdisciplinary committee at a hospital intended to analyse ethically challenging situations and burdensome choices in patient care. The work in Danish KEKs takes place without formal organisation, in contrast to several other countries, where clinical ethics is regulated by law as research ethics is in Denmark.
Topics: Humans; Ethics Committees, Clinical; Ethics, Research; Ethics Committees, Research
PubMed: 37325989
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jun 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Endometriosis; Personal Autonomy
PubMed: 37336565
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230215-f -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... May 2024
Topics: Germany; Humans; Radiology; Societies, Medical; Ethics, Medical
PubMed: 38663383
DOI: 10.1055/a-2273-9212 -
The Gerontologist Dec 2023In traditional gerontological terms, adaptation is usually understood as the production of physical aids to mitigate the impairment effects caused by age-related...
In traditional gerontological terms, adaptation is usually understood as the production of physical aids to mitigate the impairment effects caused by age-related disabilities, or as those alterations organizations need to make under the concept of reasonable adjustment to prevent age discrimination (in the UK, e.g., age has been a protected characteristic under the Equality Act since 2010). This article will be the first to examine aging in relation to theories of adaptation within cultural studies and the humanities. It is thus an interdisciplinary intervention within the field of cultural gerontology and cultural theories of adaptation. Adaptation studies in cultural studies and the humanities have moved away from fidelity criticism (the issue of how faithful an adaptation is to its original) toward thinking of adaptation as a creative, improvisational space. We ask if theories of adaptation as understood within cultural studies and the humanities can help us develop a more productive and creative way of conceptualizing the aging process, which reframes aging in terms of transformational and collaborative adaptation. Moreover, for women in particular, this process of adaptation involves engagement with ideas of women's experience that encompass an adaptive, intergenerational understanding of feminism. Our article draws on interviews with the producer and scriptwriter of the Representage theater group's play My Turn Now. The script for the play is adapted from a 1993 coauthored book written by a group of 6 women who were then in their 60s and 70s, who founded a networking group for older women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Aging; Humanities; Feminism; Geriatrics; Ageism
PubMed: 37098134
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad049 -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023Literature suggests that most people believe in free will and that this belief is associated with more prosocial behavior. However, with the advent of neuroscience, free... (Review)
Review
BACKROUND
Literature suggests that most people believe in free will and that this belief is associated with more prosocial behavior. However, with the advent of neuroscience, free will seems to have been progressively excluded from psychiatry. This paper is a narrative literature review of the ways in which mental health professionals' premises and beliefs in free will influence their clinical practice.
METHODS
The Scopus database was searched for papers concerning free will and psychiatric practice, 24 papers were included. This review looks at explicit links made by authors between free will and clinical practice as well as logical threads linking a premise of free will to clinical implications.
RESULTS
The results suggest that belief in free will leads to trying to strengthen free will in patients. It also appears to be associated with using meaning in psychotherapy, with self-blame in patients, and with ethical questions such as involuntary psychiatric care and assisted suicide requests. Some authors believe the concept of free will should be discarded to make place for concepts such as autonomy, agency, decision-making capacity and self-control.
CONCLUSION
While definitional ambiguity and paucity of data are limiting, the results indicate that mental health professionals' beliefs concerning free will can influence their clinical practice. Concepts such as autonomy and agency can sometimes hide psychiatrists' underlying beliefs. Increasing mental health professionals' awareness of their beliefs could be beneficial for psychiatric care.
Topics: Humans; Personal Autonomy; Psychiatry; Health Personnel; Attitude of Health Personnel
PubMed: 37800235
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Nov 2023Plagiarism is among the prevalent misconducts reported in scientific writing and common causes of article retraction in scholarly journals. Plagiarism of idea is not... (Review)
Review
Plagiarism is among the prevalent misconducts reported in scientific writing and common causes of article retraction in scholarly journals. Plagiarism of idea is not acceptable by any means. However, plagiarism of text is a matter of debate from culture to culture. Herein, I wish to reflect on a bird's eye view of plagiarism, particularly plagiarism of text, in scientific writing. Text similarity score as a signal of text plagiarism is not an appropriate index and an expert should examine the similarity with enough scrutiny. Text recycling in certain instances might be acceptable in scientific writing provided that the authors could correctly construe the text piece they borrowed. With introduction of artificial intelligence-based units, which help authors to write their manuscripts, the incidence of text plagiarism might increase. However, after a while, when a universal artificial unit takes over, no one will need to worry about text plagiarism as the incentive to commit plagiarism will be abolished, I believe.
Topics: Humans; Plagiarism; Publishing; Artificial Intelligence; Writing; Scientific Misconduct
PubMed: 37987104
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e373