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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2024The development of rosacea is suggested to be closely associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and anxiety/depression. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a key factor...
BACKGROUND
The development of rosacea is suggested to be closely associated with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and anxiety/depression. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is a key factor participating in lipid metabolism, which is also confirmed to regulate the inflammatory response. However, the associations of serum GLA levels with rosacea severity and psychological status still remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The present study aimed to investigate the associations of gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a key factor participating in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response, with rosacea severity and psychological status. The present study still had some limitations. First, this study is a cross-sectional study and does not provide longitudinal evidence about the relationship between GLA and rosacea; Second, the cohort in this study is also relatively small, and a larger cohort is needed in further investigation to reveal the potential role of lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
METHODS
A total of 62 rosacea patients were consecutively recruited. Patient's Self-Assessment (PSA) scale and Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA) as well as 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were conducted to evaluate the degree of erythema severity and anxiety/depression, respectively. Serum GLA levels were determined by gas chromatography mass.
RESULTS
Lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients were observed (p<0.001), and subgroup analysis revealed that patients with higher-level GLA had lower scores of PSA, CEA, GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis uncovered that serum GLA levels were negatively associated with PSA, CEA, GAD-7 as well and PHQ-9 scores, respectively. Linear regression model found that serum GLA levels at baseline were a predictive factor for prognosis of clinical outcomes after 1-month conventional treatment.
CONCLUSION
The present study indicates that lower levels of serum GLA in rosacea patients are negatively associated with the degree of erythema and anxiety/depression status.
Topics: Humans; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Depression; Cross-Sectional Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Rosacea; Erythema; Anxiety
PubMed: 38061964
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.01.008 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023Existing data suggests a potential link between human blood metabolites and sepsis, yet the precise cause-and-effect relationship remains elusive. By using a two-sample...
BACKGROUND
Existing data suggests a potential link between human blood metabolites and sepsis, yet the precise cause-and-effect relationship remains elusive. By using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, this study aims to establish a causal link between human blood metabolites and sepsis.
METHODS
A two-sample MR analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between blood metabolites and sepsis. To assess the causal connection between sepsis and human blood metabolites, five different MR methods were employed, A variety of sensitivity analyses were conducted, including Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out (LOO) analysis. In order to ensure the robustness of the causal association between exposure and outcome, the Bonferroni adjustment was employed. Additionally, we conducted analyses of the metabolic pathways of the identified metabolites using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Small Molecule Pathway Database (SMPDB) database.
RESULTS
The MR analysis revealed a total of 27 metabolites (16 known and 11 unknown) causally linked to the development and progression of sepsis. After applying the Bonferroni correction, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF) remained significant in relation to 28-day all-cause mortality in sepsis. By pathway enrichment analysis, we identified four significant metabolic pathways. Notably, the Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid metabolism pathway emerged as a pivotal contributor to the occurrence and progression of sepsis.
CONCLUSION
This study provides preliminary evidence of causal associations between human blood metabolites and sepsis, as ascertained by MR analysis. The findings offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of sepsis and may provide insight into preventive and therapeutic approaches.
PubMed: 38143442
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1310391 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2023Resistance to antibiotics is one the main factors constraining the treatment and control of () infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new...
BACKGROUND
Resistance to antibiotics is one the main factors constraining the treatment and control of () infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents to replace antibiotics. Our previous study found that linolenic acid-metronidazole (Lla-Met) has a good antibacterial effect against both antibiotic-resistant and sensitive . Also, does not develop resistance to Lla-Met. Therefore, it could be used for preparing broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. However, since the antibacterial mechanism of Lla-Met is not well understood, we explored this phenomenon in the present study.
AIM
To understand the antimicrobial effect of Lla-Met and how this could be applied in treating corresponding infections.
METHODS
cells were treated with the Lla-Met compound, and the effect of the compound on the cell morphology, cell membrane permeability, and oxidation of the bacteria cell was assessed. Meanwhile, the differently expressed genes in in response to Lla-Met treatment were identified.
RESULTS
Lla-Met treatment induced several changes in cells, including roughening and swelling. experiments revealed that Lla-Met induced oxidation, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine ectropionation in cells. Inhibiting Lla-Met with L-cysteine abrogated the above phenomena. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Lla-Met treatment up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase and genes, both anti-oxidation-related genes.
CONCLUSION
Lla-Met kills mainly by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage, phosphatidylserine ectropionation, and changes on cell morphology.
Topics: Humans; Metronidazole; Helicobacter pylori; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Phosphatidylserines; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37701137
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i32.4860 -
AoB PLANTS Jul 2023Fatty acids (FAs) stored as triacylglycerols (TAGs) are an important source of carbon and energy for germination and seedling development, particularly for plants with...
Fatty acids (FAs) stored as triacylglycerols (TAGs) are an important source of carbon and energy for germination and seedling development, particularly for plants with small wind-dispersed seeds, allowing greater efficiency in storing both energy and carbon. These plants should be under strong selection to produce seeds rich in FAs and with large amounts of saturated FAs. Their closely packed single-chain configuration allows greater packing, more carbon and energy per unit mass, and are less costly to produce. Efficient carbon storage would be less crucial for zoochorous species, which can reach much larger seed sizes (mass). We analysed the transesterified FA profile from seeds of 22 anemochorous and zoochorous tree species from the Cerrado savannas of Central Brazil. We tested if seed FA content covaried with seed mass and if anemochorous and zoochorous seeds differed in FA contents and distribution. Fatty acids were an important seed source of carbon and energy for most species. Fifteen different FAs were identified. Oleic, linoleic and linolenic tended to be the predominant unsaturated FAs. Oleic acid corresponded to more than 60 % of the total transesterified FAs in seeds of and . Linoleic acid corresponded to more than 50 % of total FA in and while linolenic acid was the dominant component in . Across species, palmitic and stearic were the dominant saturated FAs. The only exception was lauric acid (68 % of total FA) in seeds of . On a log scale, as the seed increased in mass, accumulation of FAs tends to proceed at a faster rate in anemochorous species than in zoochorous species. They also became increasingly richer in saturated FAs. Zoochorous species had seed TAGs with higher proportion of polyunsaturated FAs.
PubMed: 37600502
DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad042 -
Poultry Science Nov 2023Chemical composition, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acid (FAs) profiles, and health and nutrition values of breast muscle of ROSS 308 broiler chickens were studied after...
Chemical composition, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acid (FAs) profiles, and health and nutrition values of breast muscle of ROSS 308 broiler chickens were studied after being slaughtered at 28, 35, 42, and 49 d of age (n = 126 males and 126 females/slaughter age). The slaughter age significantly affected some AAs levels including glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, histidine, and leucine, and some FAs level including capric acid, tetradecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, total saturated fatty acids, 9-pentadecenoic acid, hexadecatetraenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, adrenic acid, omega 6, sum polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ʃ PUFAs), and unsaturation index. Subsequently, the slaughter age significantly affected some health indexes including the n-6/n-3 ratio, thrombogenic index, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio, and health-promoting index. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, and glutamic acid levels increased with increasing slaughter age until 35 d of age and then decreased with increasing slaughter age until 49 d of age. Moreover, the health indices of fatty acids were best at slaughter age of 35 d, followed by 49 d, and the lowest health-promoting indices were at 42 d, followed by 28 d. The sex did not affect (P ˃ 0.05) all the evaluating parameters including chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, and related health indices. There was no significant interaction effect between sex and slaughter age in all evaluating parameters except in stearidonic acid level. In conclusion, amino acids and fatty acids profiles and health and nutritional values of male and female ROSS 308 broiler chicken breast muscle can be affected by slaughter age. The study provides valuable insights into the nutritional value of meat, including its composition, amino acid, and fatty acid profiles, and associated health indices, for both male and female fast-growing ROSS 308 broiler chickens, as the slaughter age increases.
Topics: Animals; Male; Female; Chickens; Amino Acids; Histidine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Fatty Acids; Muscles; Meat; Nutritive Value; Valine; Glutamates; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37748245
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103085 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023an important medicinal herb, can absorb high amounts of cadmium (Cd) which can lead to excessive Cd contamination during the production of medicines and tea. Hence, it...
an important medicinal herb, can absorb high amounts of cadmium (Cd) which can lead to excessive Cd contamination during the production of medicines and tea. Hence, it is crucial to investigate the response mechanism of under Cd stress to develop varieties with low Cd accumulation and high tolerance. Physiological response analysis, transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed on seedlings exposed to Cd stress. Herein, seedlings could significantly enhance antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, CAT and APX), proline and polysaccharide content subject to Cd stress. Transcriptomics analysis identified the secondary metabolites, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and signal transduction pathways associated with Cd stress, which mainly involved the XTH, EXP and GST genes. Metabolomics analysis identified 126 differentially expressed metabolites, including citric acid, flavonoid and amino acids metabolites, which were accumulated under Cd stress. Multi-omics integrative analysis unraveled that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch, and sucrose metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and ABC transporter were significantly enriched at the gene and metabolic levels in response to Cd stress in . In conclusion, the genetic regulatory network sheds light on Cd response mechanisms in .
PubMed: 37877087
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265971 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023The n6/n3 ratios improved meat quality of terrestrial animals, but alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid (ALA/LNA) ratios were rarely studied in aquatic animals. In this...
The n6/n3 ratios improved meat quality of terrestrial animals, but alpha-linolenic acid/linoleic acid (ALA/LNA) ratios were rarely studied in aquatic animals. In this study, sub-adult grass carp were fed diets fed diets containing six varying ALA/LNA ratios (0.03, 0.47, 0.92, 1.33, 1.69, and 2.15) for 9 weeks and the total value of n3 + n6 (1.98) was kept constant for all six treatments. The results indicated optimal ALA/LNA ratio improved growth performance, changed fatty acid composition in grass carp muscle, and promoted glucose metabolism. Additionally, optimal ALA/LNA ratio improved chemical attributes by increasing crude protein and lipid contents, and technological attributes by increasing pH value and shear force in grass carp muscle. The signaling pathways related to fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism (LXRα/SREBP-1, PPARα, PPARγ, AMPK) might be responsible for these changes. Dietary optimal ALA/LNA ratio based on PWG, UFA and glucose contents was 1.03, 0.88 and 0.92, respectively.
PubMed: 37384144
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100752 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Nov 2023Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with metabolic abnormalities serving as important contributors for pathogenesis and progression. Polyunsaturated fatty...
Sex differences in the association between plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids levels and moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis severity: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
BACKGROUND
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with metabolic abnormalities serving as important contributors for pathogenesis and progression. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been found to be associated with human diseases, including psoriasis. However, differences and controversies exist regarding their content and roles.
METHODS
Plasma PUFAs concentrations were measured in 296 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis from the Shanghai Psoriasis Effectiveness Evaluation CoHort. Disease severity was assessed using Clinician-Reported Outcomes (ClinROs), including Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA) and Physician Global Assessment (PGA), as well as Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs), including Patient Global Assessment (PtGA) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Multivariate generalized linear regression models (GLMs), subgroup and interaction analysis, and restricted cubic spline were used to estimate the cross-sectional associations between PUFAs concentrations and disease severity. Longitudinal assessments of PASI scores and PASI response were conducted at a 12-week follow-up. Associations between baseline plasma PUFAs levels and prospective PASI scores or PASI response were assessed using multivariate GLMs or logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Males suffered severer psoriasis and presented lower plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels compared to females. Among males, plasma eicosadienoic acid (EDA) level was positively associated with PASI, BSA and PGA scores, while total Omega-3 PUFAs and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels exhibited non-linear associations with PASI and/or BSA scores. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) was negatively, whereas ARA was positively, associated with DLQI scores. In females, Omega-3 PUFAs, including EPA, DHA, and total Omega-3 PUFAs, showed inverse associations with PASI and BSA scores. Longitudinally, plasma total Omega-6 PUFAs were positively associated with the likelihood of achieving PASI 100 at 12 weeks in males. In females, concentrations of dohomo-γ-linolenic acid were prospectively associated with an increase in PASI scores, and DHA was associated with the likelihood of achieving PASI 75 and PASI 90 decline.
CONCLUSIONS
Sex differences cross-sectionally exist in disease severity and plasma PUFAs levels. The association between PUFAs and psoriasis severity also varies cross-sectionally and longitudinally between males and females. Sex differences should be considered when studying the function and clinical application of PUFAs in psoriasis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Sex Characteristics; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; China; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Psoriasis; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Arachidonic Acid; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 37986112
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04726-y -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) May 2024Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is found in animals and plants that play a role in brain function and metabolism.
BACKGROUND
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is found in animals and plants that play a role in brain function and metabolism.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effects of GLA on peripheral formalin injection.
METHODS
Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Sham, formalin, formalin/GLA 100 mg/kg, and formalin/GLA 150 mg/kg. The Formalin test was utilized to create a pain model. A tissue sample was prepared from the spinal cords of rats to measure oxidative stress parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the authors analyzed the expression of c-Fos protein in the spinal cords.
RESULTS
Our findings demonstrate that GLA has a reliable pain-relieving effect in the formalin test. GLA 100 increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<0.05), glutathione (GSH) (<0.001), and catalase (CAT) (<0.05), and decreased the levels of c-Fos (<0.001), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (<0.001), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (<0.001), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (<0.001) in the spinal cord. Also GLA 150 increased SOD (<0.05), GSH (<0.001), and CAT (<0.05) and decreased the levels of c-Fos (<0.001), IL-1β (<0.001), TNF-α (<0.001), and MDA (<0.001) in the spinal cord.
CONCLUSION
The findings have validated the antinociceptive impact of GLA and hinted towards its immunomodulatory influence in the formalin test.
PubMed: 38694379
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002001 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024To explore the influence of serum metabolites on the risk of psoriasis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To explore the influence of serum metabolites on the risk of psoriasis.
METHODS
In the initial stage, we applied Mendelian randomization to evaluate the association between 1,400 serum metabolites and the risk of psoriasis. Causal effects were primarily assessed through the Inverse-Variance Weighted method and Wald Ratio's odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. False Discovery Rate was used for multiple comparison corrections. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran's Q Test, MR-PRESSO. MR-Steiger Test was employed to check for reverse causality. In the validation stage, we sought other sources of psoriasis GWAS data to verify the initial results and used meta-analysis to combine the effect sizes to obtain robust causal relationships. In addition, we also conducted metabolic pathway enrichment analysis on known metabolites that have a causal relationship with the risk of psoriasis in both stages.
RESULTS
In the initial stage, we identified 112 metabolites causally associated with psoriasis, including 32 metabolite ratios and 80 metabolites (69 known and 11 unknown). In the validation stage, 24 metabolites (16 known, 1 unknown, and 7 metabolite ratios) were confirmed to have a causal relationship with psoriasis onset. Meta-analysis results showed that the overall effect of combined metabolites was consistent with the main analysis in direction and robust in the causal relationship with psoriasis onset. Of the 16 known metabolites, most were attributed to lipid metabolism, with 5 as risk factors and 8 as protective factors for psoriasis. Peptidic metabolite Gamma-glutamylvaline levels had a negative causal relationship with psoriasis, while exogenous metabolite Catechol sulfate levels and amino acid 3-methylglutaconate levels had a positive causal relationship with the disease onset. The metabolites associated with psoriasis risk in the two stages are mainly enriched in the following metabolic pathways: Glutathione metabolism, Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism.
CONCLUSION
Circulating metabolites may have a potential causal relationship with psoriasis risk, and targeting specific metabolites may benefit psoriasis diagnosis, disease assessment, and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Causality; Risk Factors; Protective Factors; Psoriasis
PubMed: 38529280
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343301