-
JAMA Ophthalmology Aug 2023Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults in the US.
IMPORTANCE
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working-age adults in the US.
OBJECTIVE
To update estimates of DR and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) prevalence by demographic factors and US county and state.
DATA SOURCES
The study team included data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005 to 2008 and 2017 to March 2020), Medicare fee-for-service claims (2018), IBM MarketScan commercial insurance claims (2016), population-based studies of adult eye disease (2001 to 2016), 2 studies of diabetes in youth (2021 and 2023), and a previously published analysis of diabetes by county (2012). The study team used population estimates from the US Census Bureau.
STUDY SELECTION
The study team included relevant data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Using bayesian meta-regression methods, the study team estimated the prevalence of DR and VTDR stratified by age, a nondifferentiated sex and gender measure, race, ethnicity, and US county and state.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The study team defined individuals with diabetes as those who had a hemoglobin A1c level at 6.5% or more, took insulin, or reported ever having been told by a physician or health care professional that they have diabetes. The study team defined DR as any retinopathy in the presence of diabetes, including nonproliferative retinopathy (mild, moderate, or severe), proliferative retinopathy, or macular edema. The study team defined VTDR as having, in the presence of diabetes, severe nonproliferative retinopathy, proliferative retinopathy, panretinal photocoagulation scars, or macular edema.
RESULTS
This study used data from nationally representative and local population-based studies that represent the populations in which they were conducted. For 2021, the study team estimated 9.60 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7.90-11.55) living with DR, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 26.43% (95% UI, 21.95-31.60) among people with diabetes. The study team estimated 1.84 million people (95% UI, 1.41-2.40) living with VTDR, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 5.06% (95% UI, 3.90-6.57) among people with diabetes. Prevalence of DR and VTDR varied by demographic characteristics and geography.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
US prevalence of diabetes-related eye disease remains high. These updated estimates on the burden and geographic distribution of diabetes-related eye disease can be used to inform the allocation of public health resources and interventions to communities and populations at highest risk.
Topics: Aged; Adult; Male; Female; Humans; United States; Adolescent; Diabetic Retinopathy; Nutrition Surveys; Risk Factors; Macular Edema; Prevalence; Bayes Theorem; Cross-Sectional Studies; Medicare; Retinal Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37318810
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.2289 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute diffuse inflammatory lung injury characterized by the damage of alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary capillary... (Review)
Review
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute diffuse inflammatory lung injury characterized by the damage of alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary capillary endothelial cells. It is mainly manifested by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, resulting from intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary risk factors. ARDS is often accompanied by immune system disturbance, both locally in the lungs and systemically. As a common heterogeneous disease in critical care medicine, researchers are often faced with the failure of clinical trials. Latent class analysis had been used to compensate for poor outcomes and found that targeted treatment after subgrouping contribute to ARDS therapy. The subphenotype of ARDS caused by sepsis has garnered attention due to its refractory nature and detrimental consequences. Sepsis stands as the most predominant extrapulmonary cause of ARDS, accounting for approximately 32% of ARDS cases. Studies indicate that sepsis-induced ARDS tends to be more severe than ARDS caused by other factors, leading to poorer prognosis and higher mortality rate. This comprehensive review delves into the immunological mechanisms of sepsis-ARDS, the heterogeneity of ARDS and existing research on targeted treatments, aiming to providing mechanism understanding and exploring ideas for accurate treatment of ARDS or sepsis-ARDS.
Topics: Humans; Endothelial Cells; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Lung; Sepsis; Pulmonary Edema
PubMed: 38035100
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277161