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Heliyon Mar 2024The perceived flavor of coffee varies depending on the composition of the brewing water, and the influencing mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate the effect...
The perceived flavor of coffee varies depending on the composition of the brewing water, and the influencing mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate the effect of dissolved divalent cations on the extraction of organic acids in coffee, magnesium and calcium chloride salts were added pre- and post-brew. Citric, malic, lactic and quinic acid were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. At concentrations typically found in drinking water, the salts resulted in limited variation of the acid content, while ten-fold higher salt concentrations produced more pronounced variations. Comparisons between pre- and post-brew additions showed similar acid content in most cases, suggesting that extraction of acids proceeds independent of the water composition. Interactions taking place post-brew may, however, influence the perceived flavor. A scientific basis for water quality recommendations in the coffee industry is long overdue and this work provides experimental and analytical contributions to continued research.
PubMed: 38434259
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26625 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jan 2024Mg and its alloys are promising biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants and cardiovascular stents. The first interactions of protein molecules with Mg alloy...
Mg and its alloys are promising biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants and cardiovascular stents. The first interactions of protein molecules with Mg alloy surfaces have a substantial impact on their biocompatibility and biodegradation. We investigate the early-stage electrochemical, chemical, morphological, and electrical surface potential changes of alloy WE43 in either 154 mM NaCl or Hanks' simulated physiological solutions in the absence or presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein. WE43 had the lowest electrochemical current noise (ECN) fluctuations, the highest noise resistance ( = 1774 Ω·cm), and the highest total impedance (|| = 332 Ω·cm) when immersed for 30 min in Hanks' solution. The highest ECN, lowest (1430 Ω·cm), and |Z| (49 Ω·cm) were observed in the NaCl solution. In the solutions containing BSA, a unique dual-mode biodegradation was observed. Adding BSA to a NaCl solution increased || from 49 to 97 Ω·cm and decreased the ECN signal of the alloy, i.e., the BSA inhibited corrosion. On the other hand, the presence of BSA in Hanks' solution increased the rate of biodegradation by decreasing both and || while increasing ECN. Finally, using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), we observed an adsorbed nanolayer of BSA with aggregated and fibrillar morphology only in Hanks' solution, where the electrical surface potential was 52 mV lower than that of the Mg oxide layer.
Topics: Materials Testing; Magnesium; Alloys; Sodium Chloride; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Stents; Corrosion
PubMed: 38108601
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12381 -
Medicine Sep 2023The diagnosis of Gentleman syndrome (GS) is usually delayed because the clinical symptoms are easily mistaken.
RATIONALE
The diagnosis of Gentleman syndrome (GS) is usually delayed because the clinical symptoms are easily mistaken.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 19-year-old male patient was referred to endocrinology due to intermittent twitch of extremities for approximately 7 years.
DIAGNOSES
The diagnosis of GS was made based on the laboratory and gene detection results. We identified 2 new variants in the SLC12A3 gene [c.857 A > C (exon7) and c.2089_2095del (exon17)] in his Asian family.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient received the treatment of potassium chloride sustained release tablets, potassium magnesium aspartate and spironolactone. After given potassium supplement through enema, his serum potassium level was corrected to normal.
OUTCOMES
The electrolyte imbalance including hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia were improved with a remission of the clinical manifestations. But the patient's condition still could not remain stable for his irregular oral potassium supplementation during the follow-up of nearly 3 months.
LESSONS
Our finding broadens the variant spectrum of SLC12A3 and contributes to a more quickly genetic counseling. As a result, when a patient presents with persistent, unspecified, and inadequately treated hypokalemia, tests for GS should indeed be considered. For suspected cases of GS, genetic testing should always be considered in the diagnosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Gitelman Syndrome; Hypokalemia; Pedigree; East Asian People; Mutation; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3
PubMed: 37657006
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034967 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In this work, the dynamic marine atmospheric corrosion behavior of AZ91 Mg alloy sailing from Yellow Sea to Western Pacific Ocean was studied. The corrosion rates were...
In this work, the dynamic marine atmospheric corrosion behavior of AZ91 Mg alloy sailing from Yellow Sea to Western Pacific Ocean was studied. The corrosion rates were measured using the weight loss method. The microstructure, phase, and chemical composition of corroded samples were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS. The results show that the evolution of corrosion rates of AZ91 Mg alloy was divided into three stages: rapidly increasing during the first 3 months, then remaining stable for the next three months, and finally decreasing after 6 months. The annual corrosion rate of Mg alloy reached 32.50 μm/y after exposure for 12 months in a dynamic marine atmospheric environment, which was several times higher than that of the static field exposure tests. AZ91 magnesium alloy was mainly subjected to localized corrosion with more destructiveness to Mg parts, which is mainly due to the synergistic effect of high relative humidity, the high deposition rate of chloride ion, sulfur dioxide acidic gas produced by fuel combustion, and rapid temperature changes caused by the alternating changes in longitude and latitude during navigation. As the exposure time increased, the corrosion pits gradually increased and deepened. The maximum depth of the corrosion pit was 197 μm after 12 months of exposure, which is almost 6 times the average corrosion depth. This study provides scientific data support for the application of magnesium alloys in shipborne aircraft and electronic equipment. The results could provide guidance for the design of new magnesium alloys and development of anti-corrosion technologies.
PubMed: 38793361
DOI: 10.3390/ma17102294 -
Biology of Sport Jan 2024Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as...
Does sodium bicarbonate based extra-cellular buffering support reduce high intensity exercise-induced fatigue and enhance short-term recovery assessed by selected blood biochemical indices?
Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) prevent large blood pH changes, however, there is no evidence on whether regulation of acid-base balance may also support whole body homeostasis monitored through heamatological and biochemical blood markers in a dose-dependent manner. Thirty Cross-Fit-trained participants were studied in a randomized, multi cross-over, placebo (PLA)-controlled double-blind manner in which they performed a control session (CTRL, without supplementation), three NaHCO visits (three different doses) and PLA (sodium chloride in an equimolar amount of sodium as NaHCO). Each visit consisted of two 30-s Wingate tests separated by CrossFit-specific benchmarks (Wall Balls and Burpees - both performed for 3 min). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and after 45 min recovery. Significant differences between visits appeared for blood pH, percentage of lymphocytes and granulocytes, red blood cells count and haemoglobin concentration at post-exercise and 45-min recovery, and for white blood cells count, percentage of monocytes, concentration of magnesium and creatinine at 45-min recovery. Most of the observed differences for heamatological and biochemical markers were significant compared to CTRL, but not different after PLA. NaHCO supplementation compared to PLA did not significantly affect exercise or recovery shifts in studied blood indicators. However, the changes in these markers after NaHCO and PLA in relation to CTRL indicate a possible role of sodium.
PubMed: 38188117
DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.125591 -
Transplantation Direct Feb 2024Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is used to preserve and test donor livers before transplantation. During NMP, the liver is metabolically active and produces waste...
BACKGROUND
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is used to preserve and test donor livers before transplantation. During NMP, the liver is metabolically active and produces waste products, which are released into the perfusate. In this study, we describe our simplified and inexpensive setup that integrates continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with NMP for up to 7 d. We also investigated if the ultrafiltrate could be used for monitoring perfusate concentrations of small molecules such as glucose and lactate.
METHODS
Perfusate composition (urea, osmolarity, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, glucose, and lactate) was analyzed from 56 human NMP procedures without CRRT. Next, in 6 discarded human donor livers, CRRT was performed during NMP by integrating a small dialysis filter (0.2 m) into the circuit to achieve continuous ultrafiltration combined with continuous fluid substitution for up to 7 d.
RESULTS
Within a few hours of NMP without CRRT, a linear increase in osmolarity and concentrations of urea and phosphate to supraphysiological levels was observed. After integration of CRRT into the NMP circuit, the composition of the perfusate was corrected to physiological values within 12 h, and this homeostasis was maintained during NMP for up to 7 d. Glucose and lactate levels, as measured in the CRRT ultrafiltrate, were strongly correlated with perfusate levels ( = 0.997, < 0.001 and = 0.999, < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The integration of CRRT into the NMP system corrected the composition of the perfusate to near-physiological values, which could be maintained for up to 7 d. The ultrafiltrate can serve as an alternative to the perfusate to monitor concentrations of small molecules without potentially compromising sterility.
PubMed: 38274473
DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000001568 -
JAAD Case Reports Jan 2024
PubMed: 38223365
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.11.016 -
EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry Apr 20246-Bromo-7-[C]methylpurine ([C]BMP) is a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) to measure multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transport activity...
BACKGROUND
6-Bromo-7-[C]methylpurine ([C]BMP) is a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) to measure multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) transport activity in different tissues. Previously reported radiosyntheses of [C]BMP afforded a mixture of 7- and 9-[C]methyl regioisomers. To prepare for clinical use, we here report an improved regioselective radiosynthesis of [C]BMP, the results of a non-clinical toxicity study as well as human dosimetry estimates based on mouse PET data.
RESULTS
[C]BMP was synthesised by regioselective N-methylation of 6-bromo-7H-purine (prepared under good manufacturing practice) with [C]methyl triflate in presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine magnesium chloride in a TRACERlab™ FX2 C synthesis module. [C]BMP was obtained within a total synthesis time of approximately 43 min in a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 20.5 ± 5.2%, based on starting [C]methyl iodide, with a radiochemical purity > 99% and a molar activity at end of synthesis of 197 ± 130 GBq/μmol (n = 28). An extended single-dose toxicity study conducted in male and female Wistar rats under good laboratory practice after single intravenous (i.v.) administration of unlabelled BMP (2 mg/kg body weight) revealed no test item related adverse effects. Human dosimetry estimates, based on dynamic whole-body PET data in female C57BL/6J mice, suggested that an i.v. injected activity amount of 400 MBq of [C]BMP will deliver an effective dose in the typical range of C-labelled radiotracers.
CONCLUSIONS
[C]BMP can be produced in sufficient amounts and acceptable quality for clinical use. Data from the non-clinical safety evaluation showed no adverse effects and suggested that the administration of [C]BMP will be safe and well tolerated in humans.
PubMed: 38683266
DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00265-z -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024It is a valid path to realize the zero discharge of coal chemical wastewater by using the fractional crystallization method to recycle the miscellaneous salt in...
Influence of Organic Impurities on Fractional Crystallization of NaCl and NaSO from High-Salinity Coal Chemical Wastewater: Thermodynamics and Nucleation Kinetics Analysis.
It is a valid path to realize the zero discharge of coal chemical wastewater by using the fractional crystallization method to recycle the miscellaneous salt in high-salinity wastewater. In this study, the thermodynamics and nucleation kinetics of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (NaSO) crystallization in coal chemical wastewater were systematically studied. Through analyses of solubility, metastable zone width, and induction period, it was found that the impurity dimethoxymethane would increase the solid-liquid interface energy and critical crystal size during the nucleation of NaSO. Ternary phase diagrams of the pseudo-ternary NaSO-NaCl-HO systems in simulated wastewater were plotted in the temperature range of 303.15 to 333.15 K, indicating that a co-ionization effect existed between NaCl and NaSO, and NaCl had a strong salting out effect on NaSO. Finally, the nucleation rate and growth rate of NaSO crystals under simulated wastewater conditions were determined by the intermittent dynamic method, and the crystallization kinetic models of NaSO were established. The crystallization nucleation of NaSO crystals was found to be secondary nucleation controlled by surface reactions. The basic theoretical research of crystallization in this study is expected to fundamentally promote the application of fractional crystallization to realize the resource utilization of high-salinity wastewater in the coal chemical industry.
PubMed: 38731419
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091928 -
Scientific Reports May 2024This study presents a thorough investigation into the concentration of heavy metals and mineral composition within four distinct coastal flora species: Cyperus...
This study presents a thorough investigation into the concentration of heavy metals and mineral composition within four distinct coastal flora species: Cyperus conglomeratus, Halopyrum mucronatum, Sericostem pauciflorum, and Salvadora persica. Employing rigorous statistical methodologies such as Pearson coefficient correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and interclass correlation (ICC), we aimed to elucidate the bioavailability of heavy metals, minerals, and relevant physical characteristics. The analysis focused on essential elements including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl), all of which are known to play pivotal roles in the ecological dynamics of coastal ecosystems. Through PCA, we discerned distinctive patterns within PC1 to PC4, collectively explaining an impressive 99.65% of the variance observed in heavy metal composition across the studied flora species. These results underscore the profound influence of environmental factors on the mineral composition of coastal flora, offering critical insights into the ecological processes shaping these vital ecosystems. Furthermore, significant correlations among mineral contents in H. mucronatum; K with content of Na (r = 0.989) and Mg (r = 0.984); as revealed by ICC analyses, contributed to a nuanced understanding of variations in electrical conductivity (EC), pH levels, and ash content among the diverse coastal flora species. By shedding light on heavy metal and mineral dynamics in coastal flora, this study not only advances our scientific understanding but also provides a foundation for the development of targeted environmental monitoring and management strategies aimed at promoting the ecological sustainability and resilience of coastal ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.
Topics: Metals, Heavy; Minerals; Multivariate Analysis; Ecosystem; Biological Availability; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 38760440
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62201-0