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International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The skin wound healing process consists of hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, with a complex cellular response by multiple cell types in the...
The skin wound healing process consists of hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, with a complex cellular response by multiple cell types in the epidermis, dermis, and immune system. Magnesium is a mineral essential for life, and although magnesium treatment promotes cutaneous wound healing, the molecular mechanism and timing of action of the healing process are unknown. This study, using human epidermal-derived HaCaT cells and human normal epidermal keratinocyte cells, was performed to investigate the mechanism involved in the effect of magnesium on wound healing. The expression levels of epidermal differentiation-promoting factors were reduced by MgCl, suggesting an inhibitory effect on epidermal differentiation in the remodeling stage of the late wound healing process. On the other hand, MgCl treatment increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), a cell migration-promoting factor, and enhanced cell migration via the MEK/ERK pathway activation. The enhancement of cell migration by MgCl was inhibited by MMP7 knockdown, suggesting that MgCl enhances cell migration which is mediated by increased MMP7 expression. Our results revealed that MgCl inhibits epidermal differentiation but promotes cell migration, suggesting that applying magnesium to the early wound healing process could be beneficial.
Topics: Wound Healing; Humans; Cell Movement; Keratinocytes; Cell Differentiation; Magnesium; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; Skin; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Cell Line; Epidermis; Magnesium Chloride
PubMed: 38732212
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094994 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Dec 2023The causes of cardiac arrest are extremely heterogeneous. Among these, both hypokalemia and hypocalcemia are known reversible factors that can lead to cardiac arrest. In...
Concomitant hypokalemia and hypocalcemia: a very rare but life-threating combination of reversible causes of cardiac arrest - an unusual first manifestation of coeliac disease.
The causes of cardiac arrest are extremely heterogeneous. Among these, both hypokalemia and hypocalcemia are known reversible factors that can lead to cardiac arrest. In this report, we present a unique case report of a patient with previously undiagnosed coeliac disease who experienced cardiac arrest due a combination of hypokalemia and hypocalcemia resulting from malabsorption. A 66-year-old male presented to the emergency department with symptoms of malaise, weakness, weight loss, and persistent diarrhea. The patient exhibited characteristic signs of hypokalemia and hypocalcemia, including fasciculations, weakness, and swelling. An electrocardiogram showed a normal rhythm, and blood tests confirmed the electrolyte imbalances. Despite initial treatment, the patient experienced sudden cardiac arrest. Prompt resuscitation efforts were successful in restoring spontaneous circulation. However, recurrent episodes of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest occurred. Large doses of intravenous potassium chloride, in conjunction with magnesium, were needed prior to restore electrolyte balance. The concomitant severe hypocalcemia required caution calcium supplementation, to avoid further decreases in serum potassium levels. Appropriate ion replacements ultimately led to successful resuscitation with good functional recovery. During the hospital stay, the patient was diagnosed with coeliac disease. This case is noteworthy for its uniqueness, as there are no documented instances in the scientific literature linking cardiac arrest directly to coeliac disease. It is important to emphasize the need for investigating potential reversible causes of cardiac arrest, such as hypokalemia and hypocalcemia, and implementing appropriate interventions to address these factors.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Hypokalemia; Hypocalcemia; Celiac Disease; Heart Arrest; Potassium
PubMed: 38054675
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v94i6.15014 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Assessing the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been a challenging issue for clinicians in intensive care units (ICUs). In recent years, a number of studies have...
Assessing the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been a challenging issue for clinicians in intensive care units (ICUs). In recent years, a number of studies have been conducted to investigate the associations between several serum electrolytes and AKI. Nevertheless, the compound effects of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and clinically relevant serum electrolytes have yet to be comprehensively investigated. Accordingly, we initiated this study aiming to develop machine learning models that illustrate how these factors interact with each other. In particular, we focused on ICU patients without a prior history of AKI or AKI-related comorbidities. With this practice, we were able to examine the associations between the levels of serum electrolytes and renal function in a more controlled manner. Our analyses revealed that the levels of serum creatinine, chloride, and magnesium were the three major factors to be monitored for this group of patients. In summary, our results can provide valuable insights for developing early intervention and effective management strategies as well as crucial clues for future investigations of the pathophysiological mechanisms that are involved. In future studies, subgroup analyses based on different causes of AKI should be conducted to further enhance our understanding of AKI.
PubMed: 37568914
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152551 -
Heliyon May 2024In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 %...
In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 % neutral buffered formalin (10 % NBF), 4 % glutaric dialdehyde (4 % GD), and 4 % paraformaldehyde (4 % PFA)) was investigated to provide a valuable reference for the selection of fixatives during the histological evaluation of Mg implants. Through the hydrogen evolution test, pH test, and corrosion morphology and product characterization, it was found that corrosion proceeded slowest in the EA and 85 % EA groups, slightly faster in 4 % GD, faster in 10 % NBF, and fastest in 4 % PFA. After corrosion, the EA group surface remained unchanged, while the 85%EA group surface developed minor cracks and warping. The 4%GD fixative formed a dense needle-like protective layer on the Mg substrate. The 10%NBF group initially grew a uniform layer, but later developed irregular pits due to accelerated corrosion. In contrast, the 4%PFA solution caused more severe corrosion attributed to chloride ions. The main corrosion products in the EA and 85%EA groups were MgO and Mg(OH), while the other fixatives containing diverse ions also yielded phosphates like Mg(PO) and MgHPO. In 4 % PFA, AgCl formed on the surface of Mg6Ag alloy after corrosion. Therefore, to minimize Mg alloy corrosion without compromising staining quality, EA or 85 % EA is recommended, while 4 % PFA is not recommended due to its significant impact.
PubMed: 38765150
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30286 -
RSC Advances Mar 2024In magnesium-sulfur batteries, electrolyte exploration is vital for developing high-energy-density, safe, and reliable batteries. This study focused on cyclic THF and...
In magnesium-sulfur batteries, electrolyte exploration is vital for developing high-energy-density, safe, and reliable batteries. This study focused on cyclic THF and chain DME, representative solvents in ether electrolytes. MgCl, an ideal anionic salt, forms mono-nuclear (MgCl(DME)), bi-nuclear ([Mg(μ-Cl)(DME)]), and tri-nuclear ([Mg(μ-Cl)(DME)]) complexes in DME. With increasing salt concentration, these complexes sequentially form. Under lower salt concentrations, THF and MgCl form mono-nuclear complexes ([MgCl(THF)]) and continue to form bi-nuclear complexes ([Mg(μ-Cl)(THF)]). However, at higher salt concentrations, bi-nuclear complexes ([Mg(μ-Cl)(THF)]) directly form in THF. Comparing HOMO-LUMO values, [Mg(DME)] is easily oxidized. Energy gaps decrease with Cl ion addition, enhancing solution conductivity. Ratios of Mg and Cl in S-reduction complexes differ, suggesting DME is better at a low Mg/Cl ratio, and THF at a high Mg/Cl ratio. This study contributes to understanding complexes and enhancing Mg-S battery performance.
PubMed: 38525063
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00950a -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Apr 2024Complex molten chloride salt mixtures of uranium, magnesium, and sodium are top candidates for promising nuclear energy technologies to produce electricity based on...
Complex molten chloride salt mixtures of uranium, magnesium, and sodium are top candidates for promising nuclear energy technologies to produce electricity based on molten salt reactors. From a local structural perspective, LaCl is similar to UCl and hence a good proxy to study these complex salt mixtures. As fission products, lanthanide salts and their mixtures are also very important in their own right. This article describes from an experimental and theory perspective how very different the structural roles of MgCl and NaCl are in mixtures with LaCl. We find that, whereas MgCl becomes an integral part of multivalent ionic networks, NaCl separates them. In a recent article ( , , 21751-21762) we have called the disruptive behavior of NaCl "the spacer salt effect". Because of the heterogeneous nature of these salt mixtures, there are multiple structural motifs in the melt, each with its particular free energetics. Our work identifies and quantifies these; it also elucidates the mechanisms through which Cl ions exchange between Mg-rich and La-rich environments.
PubMed: 38624173
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01429 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Surface impregnation of concrete structures with a migrating corrosion inhibitor is a promising and non-invasive technique for increasing the lifetime of existing...
Surface impregnation of concrete structures with a migrating corrosion inhibitor is a promising and non-invasive technique for increasing the lifetime of existing structures that already show signs of corrosion attack. The main requirement for inhibitors is their ability to diffuse the rebar at a sufficient rate to protect steel. The use of smart nanocontainers such as layered double hydroxides (LDH) to store corrosion inhibitors significantly increases efficiency by providing an active protection from chloride-induced corrosion. The addition of LDH to reinforced mortar can also improve the compactness and mechanical properties of this matrix. Here, we report the synthesis of a magnesium-aluminum LDH storing glutamine amino acid as a green inhibitor (labeled as Mg-Al-Gln), which can be used as a migrating inhibitor on mortar specimens. The corrosion behavior of the specimens was determined via electrochemical techniques based on measurements of corrosion potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A cell containing a 3.5% NaCl solution was applied to the mortar surface to promote the corrosion of embedded rebars. The specimens treated with Mg-Al-Gln presented an improved corrosion protection performance, exhibiting an increase in polarization resistance (Rp) compared to the reference specimens without an inhibitor (NO INH). This effect is a consequence of a double mechanism of protection/stimuli-responsive release of glutamine and the removal of corrosive chloride species from the medium.
PubMed: 37570833
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155863 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2024The direct red 28 (DR28) dye contamination in wastewater blocks the transmission of light into the water body resulting in the inability to photosynthesize by aquatic...
The direct red 28 (DR28) dye contamination in wastewater blocks the transmission of light into the water body resulting in the inability to photosynthesize by aquatic life. In addition, it is difficult to break down and persist in the environment, and it is also harmful to aquatic life and water quality because of its aromatic structure. Thus, wastewater contaminated with dyes is required to treat before releasing into the water body. Sugarcane bagasse beads (SBB), sugarcane bagasse modified with titanium dioxide beads (SBBT), sugarcane bagasse modified with magnesium oxide beads (SBBM), sugarcane bagasse modified with aluminum oxide beads (SBBA), and sugarcane bagasse modified with zinc oxide beads (SBBZ) for DR28 dye removal in aqueous solution, and they were characterized with several techniques of BET, FESEM-FIB, EDX, FT-IR, and the point of zero charges (pH). Their DR28 dye removal efficiencies were examined through batch tests, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. SBBM had the highest specific surface area and pore volume, whereas its pore size was the smallest among other materials. The surfaces of SBB, SBBM, SBBT, and SBBA were scaly sheet surfaces with an irregular shape, whereas SBBZ was a coarse surface. Oxygen, carbon, calcium, chloride, sodium, O-H, C-H, C=O, C=C, and C-O-C were found in all materials. The pH of SBB, SBBT, SBBM, SBBA, and SBBZ were 6.57, 7.31, 10.11, 7.25, and 7.77. All materials could adsorb DR28 dye at 50 mg/L by more than 81%, and SBBM had the highest DR28 dye removal efficiency of 94.27%. Langmuir model was an appropriate model for SBB, whereas Freundlich model was a suitable model for other materials. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model well described their adsorption mechanisms. Their adsorptions of the DR28 dye were endothermic and spontaneous. Therefore, they were potential materials for adsorbing DR28 dye, especially SBBM.
PubMed: 38218972
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51934-7 -
Medicine Apr 2024Gitelman syndrome (GS), also known as familial hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by primary renal desalinization...
RATIONALE
Gitelman syndrome (GS), also known as familial hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by primary renal desalinization caused by impaired reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal renal tubules. We report a case of clinical and genetic characteristics of GS accompanied with Graves disease and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-independent adrenocortical adenoma.
PATIENT CONCERNS
The patient is a 45 year old female, was admitted to our hospital, due to a left adrenal gland occupying lesion as the chief complaint.
DIAGNOSIS
The patient was finally diagnosed as GS with Graves disease and adrenocortical adenoma.
INTERVENTIONS
Potassium magnesium aspartate (1788 mg/d, taken orally 3 times a day (supplement a few times a day, intake method, treatment duration). Contains 217.2 mg of potassium and 70.8 mg of magnesium, and potassium chloride (4.5 g/d, taken orally 3 times a day (supplement a few times a day, intake method, and treatment duration); Potassium 2356 mg), spironolactone (20 mg/d, taken orally once a day (supplement a few times a day, intake method, treatment duration). After 3 months of treatment, the patient's blood potassium fluctuated between 3.3-3.6 mmol/L, and blood magnesium fluctuated between 0.5-0.7 mmol/L, indicating a relief of fatigue symptoms.
OUTCOMES
On the day 6 of hospitalization, the symptoms of dizziness, limb fatigue, fatigue and pain were completely relieved on patient. In the follow-up of the following year, no recurrence of the condition was found.
LESSONS
The novel c.1444-10(IVS11)G > A variation may be a splicing mutation. The compound heterozygous mutations of the SLC12A3 gene may be the pathogenic cause of this GS pedigree.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Gitelman Syndrome; Adrenocortical Adenoma; Magnesium; Graves Disease; Fatigue; Potassium; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3
PubMed: 38608089
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037770 -
ACS Applied Bio Materials Mar 2024Resorbable Mg and Mg alloys have gained significant interest as promising biomedical materials. However, corrosion of these alloys can lead to premature reduction in...
Resorbable Mg and Mg alloys have gained significant interest as promising biomedical materials. However, corrosion of these alloys can lead to premature reduction in their mechanical properties, and therefore their corrosion rate needs to be controlled. The aim of this study is to select an appropriate environment where the effects of coatings on the corrosion rate of the underlying Mg alloy can be discerned and measured in a relatively short time period. The corrosion resistance of uncoated AZ31 alloy in different solutions [Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, 1× phosphate buffered solution (PBS), 4× PBS, 0.9%, 3.5%, and 5 M sodium chloride (NaCl)] was determined by measuring the weight loss over a 2 week period. Upon exposure to physiological solutions, the uncoated AZ31 alloys exhibited a variable weight increase of 0.4 ± 0.4%. 3.5% and 5 M NaCl solutions led to 0.27 and 9.7 mm/year corrosion rates, respectively, where the compositions of corrosion products from AZ31 in all saline solutions were similar. However, the corrosion of the AZ31 alloy when coated by electrochemical oxidation with two phosphate coatings, one containing fluorine (PF) and another containing both fluorine and silica (PFS), showed 0.3 and 0.25 mm/year corrosion rates, respectively. This is more than 30 times lower than that of the uncoated alloy (7.8 mm/year), making them promising candidates for corrosion protection in severe corrosive environments. Cross-sections of the samples showed that the coatings protected the alloy from corrosion by preventing access of saline to the alloy surface, and this was further reinforced by corrosion products from both the alloy and the coatings forming an additional barrier. The information in this paper provides a methodology for evaluating the effects of coatings on the rate of corrosion of magnesium alloys.
Topics: Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Caustics; Corrosion; Sodium Chloride; Fluorine; Alloys; Phosphates; Saline Solution
PubMed: 38411089
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01169