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International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting... (Review)
Review
Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting off-target cytotoxicities have been reported. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies using magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) for magnetothermal chemotherapy may potentially improve the therapeutic outcome by increasing the target selectivity. In this review, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic targeting using drug-loaded MNCs are revisited, focusing on magnetism, the fabrication and structures of magnetic nanoparticles, surface modifications, biocompatible coating, shape, size, and other important physicochemical properties of MNCs, along with the parameters of the hyperthermia therapy and external magnetic field. Due to the limited drug-loading capacity and low biocompatibility, the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as drug delivery system has lost traction. In contrast, MNCs show higher biocompatibility, multifunctional physicochemical properties, high drug encapsulation, and multi-stages of controlled release for localized synergistic chemo-thermotherapy. Further, combining various forms of magnetic cores and pH-sensitive coating agents can generate a more robust pH, magneto, and thermo-responsive drug delivery system. Thus, MNCs are ideal candidate as smart and remotely guided drug delivery system due to a) their magneto effects and guide-ability by the external magnetic fields, b) on-demand drug release performance, and c) thermo-chemosensitization under an applied alternating magnetic field where the tumor is selectively incinerated without harming surrounding non-tumor tissues. Given the important effects of synthesis methods, surface modifications, and coating of MNCs on their anticancer properties, we reviewed the most recent studies on magnetic hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery systems in cancer therapy, and magnetothermal chemotherapy to provide insights on the current development of MNC-based anticancer nanocarrier.
Topics: Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Drug Delivery Systems; Neoplasms; Magnetics; Magnetic Fields
PubMed: 37409027
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S375964 -
Biomedical Engineering Online Nov 2023Fractures are the most common orthopedic diseases. It is known that static magnetic fields (SMFs) can contribute to the maintenance of bone health. However, the effect...
BACKGROUND
Fractures are the most common orthopedic diseases. It is known that static magnetic fields (SMFs) can contribute to the maintenance of bone health. However, the effect and mechanism of SMFs on fracture is still unclear. This study is aim to investigate the effect of moderate static magnetic fields (MMFs) on bone structure and metabolism during fracture healing.
METHODS
Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a unilateral open transverse tibial fracture, and following treatment under geomagnetic field (GMF) or MMF. The micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and three-point bending were employed to evaluate the microarchitecture and mechanical properties. Endochondral ossification and bone remodeling were evaluated by bone histomorphometric and serum biochemical assay. In addition, the atomic absorption spectroscopy and ELISA were utilized to examine the influence of MMF exposure on iron metabolism in mice.
RESULTS
MMF exposure increased bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), mechanical properties, and proportion of mineralized bone matrix of the callus during fracture healing. MMF exposure reduced the proportion of cartilage in the callus area during fracture healing. Meanwhile, MMF exposure increased the number of osteoblasts in callus on the 14th day, and reduced the number of osteoclasts on the 28th day of fracture healing. Furthermore, MMF exposure increased PINP and OCN levels, and reduced the TRAP-5b and β-CTX levels in serum. It was also observed that MMF exposure reduced the iron content in the liver and callus, as well as serum ferritin levels while elevating the serum hepcidin concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
MMF exposure could accelerate fracture healing via promote the endochondral ossification and bone formation while regulating systemic iron metabolism during fracture healing. This study suggests that MMF may have the potential to become a form of physical therapy for fractures.
Topics: Male; Animals; Mice; Fracture Healing; X-Ray Microtomography; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Bony Callus; Fractures, Bone; Magnetic Fields; Iron
PubMed: 37968671
DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01170-3 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2023In high energy heavy-ion collisions, the high speed valence charges will produce intense electromagnetic fields within the resulting quark-gluon plasma. Utilizing the...
In high energy heavy-ion collisions, the high speed valence charges will produce intense electromagnetic fields within the resulting quark-gluon plasma. Utilizing the AMPT model, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the magnetic field distribution generated from non-central collisions between [Formula: see text] nuclei at [Formula: see text]. The initial geometric parameters of the collision and the electric conductivity of the quark-gluon plasma have a dominant influence on the evolution of the magnetic field, while the plasma diffusion and the CME effect have a lesser impact and only slightly involve the original magnetic field by inducing new magnetic fields. This finding suggests that the dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma can be roughly decoupled from the effect of the electromagnetic field.
PubMed: 38057507
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48705-1 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Vortex matter in layered high-[Formula: see text] superconductors, including iron-pnictides, undergo several thermodynamic phase transitions due to the complex interplay...
Order-disorder phase transition and elastic-to-plastic vortex creep crossover in a triclinic iron pnictide superconductor (Ca[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text](Pt[Formula: see text]As[Formula: see text])(Fe[Formula: see text]As[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text].
Vortex matter in layered high-[Formula: see text] superconductors, including iron-pnictides, undergo several thermodynamic phase transitions due to the complex interplay of pinning energy, thermal energy and elastic energy. Moreover, the presence of anisotropy makes their vortex physics even more intriguing. Here, we report a detailed vortex dynamics study, using dc magnetization measurements, in a triclinic iron-pnictide superconductor (Ca[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text](Pt[Formula: see text]As[Formula: see text])(Fe[Formula: see text]As[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text], with a superconducting transition temperature, T[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 31 K. A second magnetization peak (SMP) feature is observed for magnetic field perpendicular (H[Formula: see text]c) and parallel (H[Formula: see text]ab) to the crystal plane. However, its fundamental origin is quite different in both directions. For H[Formula: see text]c, the SMP can be well explained using an elastic-to-plastic vortex creep crossover, using collective creep theory. In addition, a possible rhombic-to-square vortex lattice phase transition is also observed for fields in between the onset-field and peak-field related to the SMP. On the other hand, for H[Formula: see text]ab, a clear signature of an order-disorder vortex phase transition is observed in the isothermal M(H) measurements at T [Formula: see text] 6 K. The disordered phase exhibits the characteristics of entangled pinned vortex-liquid. We construct a comprehensive vortex phase diagram by displaying characteristic temperatures and magnetic fields for both crystal geometries in this unique superconducting compound. Our study sheds light on the intricate vortex dynamics and pinning in an iron-pnictide superconductor with triclinic symmetry.
PubMed: 37770517
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43424-z -
Environmental Research Sep 2023Several studies have suggested an excess risk of leukemia among children living close to high-voltage power lines and exposed to magnetic fields. However, not all...
BACKGROUND
Several studies have suggested an excess risk of leukemia among children living close to high-voltage power lines and exposed to magnetic fields. However, not all studies have yielded consistent results, and many studies may have been susceptible to confounding and exposure misclassification.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study to investigate the risk of leukemia associated with magnetic field exposure from high-voltage power lines. Eligible participants were children aged 0-15 years residing in the Northern Italian provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia. We included all 182 registry-identified childhood leukemia cases diagnosed in 1998-2019, and 726 age-, sex- and province-matched population controls. We assessed exposure by calculating distance from house to nearest power line and magnetic field intensity modelling at the subjects' residence. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustment for potential confounders (distance from nearest petrol station and fuel supply within the 1000 m-buffer, traffic-related particulate and benzene concentrations, presence of indoor transformers, percentage of urban area and arable crops).
RESULTS
In multivariable analyses, the OR comparing children living <100 m from high-voltage power-lines with children living ≥400 m from power-lines was 2.0 (95% CI 0.8-5.0). Results did not differ substantially by age at disease diagnosis, disease subtype, or when exposure was based on modeled magnetic field intensity, though estimates were imprecise. Spline regression analysis showed an excess risk for both overall leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia among children with residential distances <100 m from power lines, with a monotonic inverse association below this cutpoint.
CONCLUSIONS
In this Italian population, close proximity to high-voltage power lines was associated with an excess risk of childhood leukemia.
Topics: Child; Humans; Case-Control Studies; Environmental Exposure; Leukemia; Magnetic Fields; Housing; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Electromagnetic Fields; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37271435
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116320 -
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The impact of magnetic fields on cellular function is diverse but can be described at least in part by the radical pair mechanism (RPM), where magnetic field...
The impact of magnetic fields on cellular function is diverse but can be described at least in part by the radical pair mechanism (RPM), where magnetic field intervention alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) populations and downstream cellular signaling. Here, cellular migration within three-dimensional scaffolds was monitored in an applied oscillating 1.4 MHz radiofrequency (RF) magnetic field with an amplitude of 10 µT and a static 50 µT magnetic field. Given that cellular bioenergetics can be altered based on applied RF magnetic fields, this study focused on a magnetic field configuration that increased cellular respiration. Results suggest that RF accelerated cell clustering and elongation after 1 day, with increased levels of clustering and cellular linkage after 7 days. Cell distribution analysis within the scaffolds revealed that the clustering rate during the first day was increased nearly five times in the RF environment. Electron microscopy provided additional topological information and verified the development of fibrous networks, with a cell-derived matrix (CDM) visualized after 7 days in samples maintained in RF. This work demonstrates time-dependent cellular migration that may be influenced by quantum biology (QB) processes and downstream oxidative signaling, enhancing cellular migration behavior.
PubMed: 38247887
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010009 -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Jun 2024Navigation requires a network of neurons processing inputs from internally generated cues and external landmarks. Most studies on the neuronal basis of navigation in... (Review)
Review
Navigation requires a network of neurons processing inputs from internally generated cues and external landmarks. Most studies on the neuronal basis of navigation in vertebrates have focused on rats and mice and the canonical senses vision, hearing, olfaction, and somatosensation. Some animals have evolved the ability to sense the Earth's magnetic field and use it for orientation. It can be expected that in these animals magnetic cues are integrated with other sensory cues in the cognitive map. We provide an overview of the behavioral evidence and brain regions involved in magnetic sensing in support of this idea, hoping that this will guide future experiments.
Topics: Animals; Vertebrates; Cognition; Magnetic Fields; Brain; Spatial Navigation; Humans
PubMed: 38657284
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102880 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2023Core-shell magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) have recently gained popularity thanks to their capability in inducing a local electric polarization upon an applied...
Core-shell magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) have recently gained popularity thanks to their capability in inducing a local electric polarization upon an applied magnetic field and . This work estimates the magnetoelectrical behavior, in terms of magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αME), via finite element analysis of MENPs with different shapes under either static (DC bias) and time-variant (AC bias) external magnetic fields. With this approach, the dependence of the magnetoelectrical performance on the MENPs geometrical features can be directly derived. Results show that MENPs with a more elongated morphology exhibits a superior αME if compared with spherical nanoparticles of similar volume, under both stimulation conditions analyzed. This response is due to the presence of a larger surface area at the interface between the magnetostrictive core and piezoelectric shell, and to the MENP geometrical orientation along the direction of the magnetic field. These findings pave a new way for the design of novel high-aspect ratio magnetic nanostructures with an improved magnetoelectric behaviour.
PubMed: 37691903
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1219777 -
Communications Biology May 2024
Topics: Animals; Magnetic Fields; Magnetics
PubMed: 38802463
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06269-4 -
Nature May 2024
Topics: Animals; Magnetic Fields; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila
PubMed: 38693416
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07320-4