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Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2024Pediatric dermatitis seborrhoica (DS) is a common inflammatory disorder of infancy and adolescence distinct from atopic dermatitis. We performed a narrative review on... (Review)
Review
Pediatric dermatitis seborrhoica (DS) is a common inflammatory disorder of infancy and adolescence distinct from atopic dermatitis. We performed a narrative review on clinical and therapeutic aspects of the disease. The prevalence varies geographically and can reach up to 10%. There is a slight male predominance. Although etiopathology is not well known, both endogenous and exogenous factors contribute. Skin microbiome and its interaction with sebaceous gland function is crucial. The inflammatory pathways include innate immune function and skin barrier disturbances. spp. and certain bacteria are increased in lesional skin. DS develops in different clinical subtypes, from localized cephalic to disseminated disease with a risk of erythroderma and eczema herpeticatum. Treatment consists of skin care and topical and rarely systemic medical therapy. Cornerstones of treatment are antifungals and mild corticosteroids. Targeted treatment is on the horizon. Pediatric DS is a common disorder important in the differential diagnosis of skin problems in infants and and children. Due to better understanding of its pathogenesis, new treatment options are developed.
PubMed: 38845676
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_593_23 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024
PubMed: 38868748
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1431191 -
Neurologia Sep 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 7 million people worldwide. Its aetiology is unknown, although the hypothesis of a... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 7 million people worldwide. Its aetiology is unknown, although the hypothesis of a genetic susceptibility to environmental agents is accepted. These environmental agents include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three microorganisms are directly associated with a significantly increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease: the fungal genus Malassezia, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, and the hepatitis C virus. If the host is vulnerable due to genetic susceptibility or immune weakness, these microorganisms can access and infect the nervous system, causing chronic neuroinflammation with neurodegeneration. Other microorganisms show an epidemiological association with the disease, including the influenza type A, Japanese encephalitis type B, St Louis, and West Nile viruses. These viruses can affect the nervous system, causing encephalitis, which can result in parkinsonism. This article reviews the role of all these microorganisms in Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Encephalitis; Neurodegenerative Diseases
PubMed: 35644845
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.08.023 -
PloS One 2023Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. After the chrysalis seeds are matured and harvested,...
Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. After the chrysalis seeds are matured and harvested, the spent substrate of C. militaris still contains active ingredients but is usually discarded as waste. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of C. militaris spent substrate extract and its inhibitory activity on the Malassezia commensal yeasts that can cause dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Active substances in the spent substrate of C. militaris were extracted using a hot water extraction method and were used for the determination of antioxidant activity by measuring their ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions. The ability to inhibit Malassezia was analyzed using the broth microdilution method, and the reparative effect on oxidative damage in HaCaT cells was measured using in vitro cell analysis. Respiratory burst evaluation was used to determine the anti-inflammatory capacity of extracts. Analysis of the Malassezia-inhibiting activity of the extracts showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 6.25 mg/mL. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of DPPH, O2-, H2O2 and OH- were 3.845 mg/mL, 2.673 mg/mL, 0.037 mg/mL and 0.046 mg/mL, respectively. In the concentration range of 2 to 50%, the extract was non-toxic to cells and was able to protect HaCaT cells from H2O2 damage. When the volume fraction of the extract was 20.96%, its anti-inflammatory ability reached 50%. These results demonstrated that the extract may be a safe and efficacious source for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications, with Malassezia-inhibiting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
Topics: Antioxidants; Hydrogen Peroxide; Cordyceps; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Malassezia
PubMed: 37682981
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291363 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor disorders and the composition of Lewy bodies (LBs) in the substantia nigra. Due to the lack of a definitive biomarker,...
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor disorders and the composition of Lewy bodies (LBs) in the substantia nigra. Due to the lack of a definitive biomarker, the current treatments do not modify the progression of PD. Recently, researchers revealed lipid dysregulation and some potential volatile biomarkers of PD related to a unique odor from PD patients by metabolomics of sebum, which is supposed to cause a potential change for skin microflora. In this study, we identified the 4 species in PD patients and compared them with healthy controls.
METHODS
We collected 95 sebum samples (47 PDs and 48 Controls) by cotton swabs and extracted the DNA. The identification of species was performed by Nested PCR. Specific primers for each species were used to amplify corresponding yeasts in each sample.
RESULTS
and are the most common species for both groups. The prevalence of and were significantly higher in the PD group compared with controls (63.8% vs. 29.1 and 74.5% vs. 54.2% respectively), the binary logistic regression model further indicated that (OR = 9.358, < 0.001) was associated with PD. Moreover, the diversity of species was significantly greater (3.5 vs. 2.9 species per individual, = 0.002) in the PD group.
CONCLUSION
Based on our results, we preliminarily observed a change in species incidence and diversity on the skin of PD patients, which could be associated with lipid dysregulation; meanwhile, it might also be a noninvasive biomarker for PD.
PubMed: 37854034
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1268751 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2024Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) affects 2-5% of the global population, with imbalances in the skin microbiome implicated in its development. This study assessed the impact of...
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) affects 2-5% of the global population, with imbalances in the skin microbiome implicated in its development. This study assessed the impact of an oily suspension containing Lactobacillus crispatus P17631 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei I1688 (termed EUTOPLAC) on SD symptoms and the skin mycobiome-bacteriome modulation. 25 SD patients were treated with EUTOPLAC for a week. Symptom severity and skin mycobiome-bacteriome changes were measured at the start of the treatment (T0), after seven days (T8), and three weeks post-treatment (T28). Results indicated symptom improvement post-EUTOPLAC, with notable reductions in the Malassezia genus. Concurrently, bacterial shifts were observed, including a decrease in Staphylococcus and an increase in Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus. Network analysis highlighted post-EUTOPLAC instability in fungal and bacterial interactions, with increased negative correlations between Malassezia and Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus genera. The study suggests EUTOPLAC's potential as a targeted SD treatment, reducing symptoms and modulating the mycobiome-bacteriome composition.
Topics: Humans; Mycobiome; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Skin; Microbiota; Bacteria; Malassezia; Probiotics
PubMed: 38302693
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53016-0 -
Cancer Immunology Research Apr 2024Recent research indicates that gut microbiota may be vital in the advancement of melanoma. In this study, we found that melanoma patients exhibited a distinct gut...
Recent research indicates that gut microbiota may be vital in the advancement of melanoma. In this study, we found that melanoma patients exhibited a distinct gut mycobiota structure compared with healthy participants. Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Neurospora crassa were more abundant in samples from patients with melanoma, whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Debaryomyces hansenii were less abundant. During anti-PD-1 treatment, the relative amount of Malassezia restricta and C. albicans increased. A higher level of Saccharomyces paradoxus was associated with a positive response to anti-PD-1 treatment, whereas a higher level of Tetrapisispora blattae was associated with a lack of clinical benefits. High levels of M. restricta and C. albicans, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, and being overweight were linked to increased risk of melanoma progression and poorer response to anti-PD-1 treatment. Thus, this study has revealed melanoma-associated mycobiome dysbiosis, characterized by altered fungal composition and fungi species associated with a higher risk of melanoma progression, identifying a role for the gut mycobiome in melanoma progression.
Topics: Humans; Fungi; Dysbiosis; Melanoma; Mycobiome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 38315788
DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-23-0592 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Aug 2023Pityrosporum folliculitis (PF) is a fungal acneiform disease of the hair follicles that often presents with pruritic papules and pustules on the upper body and face This... (Review)
Review
Pityrosporum folliculitis (PF) is a fungal acneiform disease of the hair follicles that often presents with pruritic papules and pustules on the upper body and face This condition is commonly mistaken for acne vulgaris and can be distinguished from bacterial acne by the presence of fungal spores in the follicular lumen Although studies have been performed to describe PF in cohorts, little work has been done to aggregate these data. Thus, the goal of this review is to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of PF in immunocompetent patients. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched using the terms "Pityrosporum folliculitis" or "Malassezia folliculitis." All cohorts reporting PF characteristics in patients classified as immunocompetent were reviewed. A total of 15 studies were included. Majority of patients were male (64%) with the average age of presentation of 24.26 years. The most common locations of lesions were the chest (70%) and back/shoulders (69.2%). Pruritus was reported by the majority of patients (71.7%). Additionally, 40.5% of patients reported a history of unsuccessful treatment regimens. Treatment was most successful with an oral antifungal (92%), followed by a topical antifungal (81.6%). In conclusion, majority of patients with PF were younger males. Many patients were primarily treated incorrectly, suggesting the importance of proper diagnosis. PF may be distinguishable from acne vulgaris by the presence of pruritus or suggested when a new acneiform eruption develops following antibiotic therapy or immunosuppression. When properly diagnosed, majority of cases of PF achieve complete response with oral or topical antifungals.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Young Adult; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Malassezia; Dermatomycoses; Folliculitis; Acne Vulgaris; Pruritus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36517586
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02506-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Facial seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous and scaly lesions on the skin with high sebaceous gland activity. The... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Treatment with the Topical Antimicrobial Peptide Omiganan in Mild-to-Moderate Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis versus Ketoconazole and Placebo: Results of a Randomized Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial.
Facial seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous and scaly lesions on the skin with high sebaceous gland activity. The yeast is regarded as a key pathogenic driver in this disease, but increased abundances and barrier dysfunction are implicated as well. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial peptide omiganan as a treatment for SD since it has shown both antifungal and antibacterial activity. A randomized, patient- and evaluator-blinded trial was performed comparing the four-week, twice daily topical administration of omiganan 1.75%, the comparator ketoconazole 2.00%, and placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate facial SD. Safety was monitored, and efficacy was determined by clinical scoring complemented with imaging. Microbial profiling was performed, and barrier integrity was assessed by trans-epidermal water loss and ceramide lipidomics. Omiganan was safe and well tolerated but did not result in a significant clinical improvement of SD, nor did it affect other biomarkers, compared to the placebo. Ketoconazole significantly reduced the disease severity compared to the placebo, with reduced abundances, increased microbial diversity, restored skin barrier function, and decreased short-chain ceramide Cer[NSc34]. No significant decreases in abundances were observed compared to the placebo. Omiganan is well tolerated but not efficacious in the treatment of facial SD. Previously established antimicrobial and antifungal properties of omiganan could not be demonstrated. Our multimodal characterization of the response to ketoconazole has reaffirmed previous insights into its mechanism of action.
Topics: Humans; Ketoconazole; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Antifungal Agents; Antimicrobial Peptides; Treatment Outcome; Malassezia
PubMed: 37762625
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814315 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Dandruff, a common scalp disorder characterized by flaking dead skin, is often treated with conventional topical products. However, limitations exist due to potential...
Dandruff, a common scalp disorder characterized by flaking dead skin, is often treated with conventional topical products. However, limitations exist due to potential side effects and high costs. Therefore, searching for natural, cost-effective solutions for dandruff and hair loss is crucial. Rosemary herb and neem tree, both cultivated in Egypt, possess well-documented anti-inflammatory properties derived from their rich phenolic phytoconstituents. This study formulated a standardized combined extract of rosemary and neem (RN-E 2:1) into hair gel and leave-in tonic formats. This extract demonstrated superior efficacy against Malassezia furfur (a causative agent of dandruff) and Trichophyton rubrum (associated with scalp disorders) compared to the conventional antifungal agent, ketoconazole. The combined extract (RN-E 2:1) also exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the suppression of iNOS expression is considered concentration-dependent. Quality control verified formulation stability, and ex-vivo studies confirmed effective ingredient penetration into the epidermis, the primary site of fungal presence. Remarkably, both formulations outperformed the standard treatment, minoxidil in hair growth trials. These findings highlight the potential of natural extracts for scalp and hair health.
Topics: Dandruff; Rosmarinus; Azadirachta; Alopecia; Plant Extracts; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 38565924
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57838-w