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Journal of Patient-reported Outcomes Jan 2024The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS®) global health items (global-10) yield physical and mental health scale scores and the...
BACKGROUND
The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS®) global health items (global-10) yield physical and mental health scale scores and the PROMIS-Preference (PROPr) scoring system estimated from PROMIS domain scores (e.g., PROMIS-29 + 2) produces a single score anchored by 0 (dead or as bad as being dead) to 1 (full health). A link between the PROMIS global-10 and the PROPr is needed.
METHODS
The PROMIS-29 + 2 and the PROMIS global-10 were administered to 4102 adults in the Ipsos KnowledgePanel in 2022. The median age was 52 (range 18-94), 50% were female, 70% were non-Hispanic White, and 64% were married or living with a partner. The highest level of education completed for 26% of the sample was a high school degree or general education diploma and 44% worked full-time. We estimated correlations of the PROPr with the PROMIS global health items and the global physical and mental health scales. We examined the adjusted R and estimated correlations between predicted and observed PROPr scores.
RESULTS
Product-moment correlations between the PROMIS global health items and the PROPr ranged from 0.50 to 0.63. The PROMIS global physical health and mental health scale scores correlated 0.74 and 0.60, respectively, with the PROPr. The adjusted R in the regression of the PROPr on the PROMIS global health items was 64%. The equated PROPr preference scores correlated (product-moment) 0.80 (n = 4043; p < 0.0001) with the observed PROPr preference scores, and the intra-class correlation (two-way random effects model) was 0.80. The normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) was 0.45 (SD = 0.43). The adjusted R in the OLS regression of the PROPr on the PROMIS global health scales was 59%. The equated PROPr preference scores correlated (product-moment) was 0.77 (n = 4046; p < 0.0001) with the observed PROPr preference scores, and the intra-class correlation was 0.77. The NMAE was 0.49 (SD = 0.45).
CONCLUSIONS
Regression equations provide a reasonably accurate estimate of the PROPr preference-based score from the PROMIS global health items or scales for group-level comparisons. These estimates facilitate cost-effectiveness research and meta-analyses. The estimated PROPr scores are not accurate enough for individual-level applications. Future evaluations of the prediction equations are needed.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Educational Status; Global Health; Marriage; Mental Health; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; United States; Adolescent; Young Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38196009
DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00677-6 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2024Currently, there are many different findings on the relationship between physical activity and depression, and there may be differences between genders. This study...
BACKGROUND
Currently, there are many different findings on the relationship between physical activity and depression, and there may be differences between genders. This study therefore focused on gender differences to understand the relationship between physical activity behaviour and the risk of depression in married individuals.
METHODS
15607 married people in the China Family Panel Studies 2020 (CFPS 2020) were used to understand the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in different populations, and the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and binary logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in the married population.
RESULTS
527 (6.64%) women were at high risk of depression and 365 (4.76%) men were at high risk of depression; physical activity was associated with the risk of depression in the married population, but after incorporating demographic and relevant cognitive variables, physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of depression in women (OR = 0.94, P < 0.01) but not statistically significant with the risk of depression in men (OR = 0.96, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Physical activity was directly related to the risk of depression in married women, but not in married men.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Depression; Marriage; Exercise; Motor Activity; Research Design
PubMed: 38491473
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18339-7 -
PloS One 2023Africa is the most severely affected area, accounting for more than two-thirds of the people living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 85% of new HIV-infected...
Spatial variation of premarital HIV testing and its associated factors among married women in Ethiopia: Multilevel and spatial analysis using 2016 demographic and health survey data.
BACKGROUND
Africa is the most severely affected area, accounting for more than two-thirds of the people living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 85% of new HIV-infected adolescents and 63% of all new HIV infections are accounted for by women. Ethiopia has achieved a 50% incidence rate reduction. However, mortality rate reduction is slow, as the estimated prevalence in 2021 is 0.8%. In sub-Saharan Africa, heterosexual transmission accounts for the majority of HIV infections, and women account for 58% of people living with HIV. Most of these transmissions took place during marriage. Thus, this study aimed to explore the spatial variation of premarital HIV testing across regions of Ethiopia and identify associated factors.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 10223 weighted samples were taken from individual datasets of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. STATA version 14 and ArcGIS version 10.8 software's were used for analysis. A multilevel mixed-effect generalized linear model was fitted, and an adjusted prevalence Ratio with a 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 was used to declare significantly associated factors. Multilevel models were compared using information criteria and log-likelihood. Descriptive and spatial regression analyses (geographical weighted regression and ordinary least squares analysis) were conducted. Models were compared using AICc and adjusted R-squared. The local coefficients of spatial explanatory variables were mapped.
RESULTS
In spatial regression analysis, secondary and above education level, richer and above wealth quintile, household media exposure, big problem of distance to health facility, having high risky sexual behaviour and knowing the place of HIV testing were significant explanatory variables for spatial variation of premarital HIV testing among married women. While in the multilevel analysis, age, education level, religion, household media exposure, wealth index, khat chewing, previous history of HIV testing,age at first sex, HIV related knowledge, HIV related stigma, distance to health facility, and community level media exposure were associated with premarital HIV testing among married women.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Premarital HIV testing had a significant spatial variation across regions of Ethiopia. A statistically significant clustering of premarital HIV testing was observed at Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, North Tigray and some parts of Afar and Amhara regions. Therefore area based prevention and interventional strategies are required at cold spot areas to halt the role of heterosexual transmission in HIV burden. Moreover, the considering the spatial explanatory variables effect in implementations of these strategies rather than random provision of service would make regional health care delivery systems more cost-effective.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Female; HIV Infections; Marriage; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Testing; Spatial Analysis; Prevalence; Multilevel Analysis; Health Surveys
PubMed: 38032924
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293227 -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Dec 2023Studies in the past have shown the effect of mental illness on marriage in persons with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Primary care and family physicians have a major... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Studies in the past have shown the effect of mental illness on marriage in persons with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Primary care and family physicians have a major role in addressing marriage-associated dilemmas in their life.
METHODS
The literature search was conducted from databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, and Google Scholar for understanding the context and the problem in-depth for bringing out the narrative-review based framework for addressing the dilemmas.
RESULTS
Marriage rates in persons with SMI are high in Eastern countries. Marriage in persons with SMI enhances social support and prevents the stigma of being unmarried. Disability, unemployment, stigma, and disclosure-related issues are barriers to getting desirable alliances. Evidence based interventions are available to reduce the associated distress to an extent.
CONCLUSION
Published peer-reviewed literature has pointed out that marriage plays a significant role in the life of persons with SMI and their families, especially in Asian countries where marriage is an important social institution. It can have a positive impact or can lead to relapse, marital conflicts, and divorce based on contextual and clinical factors. Hence, there is a need to come up with tailor-made interventions to address marriage-related expectations in persons with SMI.
PubMed: 38361907
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_797_23 -
BMC Women's Health Nov 2023The most common family planning method is modern contraception. It is a cost-effective way to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and enable women to...
Trend, geographical distribution, and determinants of modern contraceptive use among married reproductive-age women, based on the 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey.
BACKGROUND
The most common family planning method is modern contraception. It is a cost-effective way to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and enable women to make informed choices about their reproductive and sexual health. The trend of modern contraceptive utilization has shown drastic change in Ethiopia, and identifying the major factors contributing to such a drastic change is vital to improving plans and strategies for family planning programs. Therefore, this study analyzed the trend, geographical distribution, and determinants of modern contraceptive use among married reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.
METHOD
This study used secondary data from the EDHS 2000-2016, collected from a population-based cross-sectional study by the Central Statistical Agency, focusing on married reproductive-age women aged 15-49. The study analyzed the modern contraceptive use trends through descriptive analyses conducted in three phases: 2000-2005, 2005-2011, and 2011-2016. The study utilized bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify determinant factors, with significant variables declared using a P-value of 0.05 and an adjusted OR with 95% confidence interval. Analysis was conducted using STATA.14 and R. Spatial analysis was done using ArcGIS version 10.8 and SatScan version 9.6.
RESULT
A weighted total of 33,478 women are included in the study, with a mean age of 31.4 years (8.6 SD). There was a significant increase in the trend of modern contraceptive use among married women over the study period, from 2000 to 2016, from 7.2% to 2000 to 15.7% in 2005, to 30% in 2011, and to 39.5% in 2016. The maximum increase was seen in the second phase (2005-2011), with a 14.3% increase. Factors like age of respondents, educational status, religion, residence, region, wealth index, number of living children, husbands' desire to have more children, and media exposure were found to be predictors for modern contraceptive utilization.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of modern contraceptive use is below 50%, and there is also evidence of wide geographical variation in modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia. Thus, policymakers, high institutions, and other stakeholders must work collaboratively with the government in order to improve awareness about modern contraceptive use.
Topics: Child; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Adult; Contraceptive Agents; Cross-Sectional Studies; Contraception Behavior; Contraception; Family Planning Services; Marriage; Ethiopia
PubMed: 38012691
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02789-z -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Violence against women is a major public health problem that affects the physical, sexual, mental, and social wellbeing of more than one-third of all women worldwide....
Intimate partner violence and associated factors among married adolescent girls and young women in the pastoralist community of South Ethiopia: is intimate partner violence associated with cultural phenomena?
BACKGROUND
Violence against women is a major public health problem that affects the physical, sexual, mental, and social wellbeing of more than one-third of all women worldwide. Hence the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated factors among married adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) belonging to the pastoralist community of Dassenech district, South Omo Zone, South Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among married AGYW in the Dassenech district from March 1, 2022, to April 1, 2022. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select 545 participants. The data were collected using pre-tested and standardized WHO multi-country study tools. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors of physical and sexual intimate partner violence. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the effect size, and finally, a p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The prevalence of physical IPV among AGYW belonging to the pastoralist community of Dassenech district was 44.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 40%, 48%) and that of sexual IPV was 39.3% (95% CI: 35%, 43%). The husband only deciding for the household (AOR = 11.36; 95% CI: 6.97, 18.53), the father performing the Dimi cultural ceremony (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI: 2.22, 6.14), and frequent quarrels (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.99) are significantly associated with physical IPV. Both partners drinking alcohol (AOR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.94, 6.20), the husband only deciding for the household (AOR = 11.23; 95% CI: 6.91, 18.27), and frequent quarrels (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.15, 4.56) were factors significantly associated with sexual IPV.
CONCLUSION
Physical and sexual intimate partner violence is a significant public health problem in the study area. Therefore, interventional measures to change the attitude of cultural leaders, providing education to married men and women on risky sexual behavior, and empowering women need to be prioritized to prevent the occurrence of this problem.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adolescent; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Sexual Partners; Intimate Partner Violence
PubMed: 38584912
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1329699 -
Translational Cancer Research Dec 2023The survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has significantly improved, and several factors increase the risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) mortality in MM. This...
BACKGROUND
The survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has significantly improved, and several factors increase the risk of cardiovascular death (CVD) mortality in MM. This study aims to determine the prognostic significance of factors associated with long-term CVD risk in MM survivors.
METHODS
The data of MM survivors whose survival time was longer than 36 months were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional hazards regressions and competing risk survival analyses were utilized to assess the CVD-associated risk factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was further conducted to ensure the comparability of cardiovascular risk factors. The nomogram was based on these epidemiological factors to estimate individualized CVD probabilities for MM survivors, and its performance was assessed by Harrell's concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve.
RESULTS
A total of 32,528 survivors with MM were enrolled, and 2,061 (6.34%) suffered from CVD. In Cox proportional hazards regressions and competing risk survival analyses, age, period of diagnosis, sex, race, married status, income, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were the independent risk factors for CVD. After PSM, there was a significant difference in cumulative incidence curves, using a competing-risks method, between the following matched groups: male female group, white non-white group, married unmarried group, income <$75,000 income ≥$75,000 group, chemotherapy non-chemotherapy group, and radiotherapy non-radiotherapy group. The nomogram predicted CVD probabilities with a training C-index of 0.700 and a validation C-index of 0.726. Calibration curves validated that the nomograms could accurately predict the CVD probabilities both in the training and validation group.
CONCLUSIONS
Among MM survivors, the mortality risk of cardiovascular diseases differs with age, sex, period at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, marital status, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Our nomograms, based on epidemiological variables, may be used to predict 5-, 10-, and 15-year cardiovascular disease outcomes of MM survivors.
PubMed: 38197077
DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1213 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Dec 2023Violence against women is a public health issue worldwide, affecting the physical and mental wellbeing of women, children and families.
BACKGROUND
Violence against women is a public health issue worldwide, affecting the physical and mental wellbeing of women, children and families.
AIM
To determine the socio-demographic and economic factors contributing to violence against women in Morocco and offer recommendations for the prevention and reduction of violence.
METHODS
Data for this study was obtained from the 2018 National Population and Family Health Survey. We applied the Chi-square test and t-test to study the possible associations between some socio-demographic and economic variables and violence against women. We performed a logistic regression to indicate the simultaneous association of the variables.
RESULTS
Among 9969 ever-married women aged 15-49, 15.0% [CI (95%): 14.3-15.7%] had suffered an act of violence in the last 12 months preceding the survey (17.0% in urban and 11.9% in rural areas). Violence against women depended significantly on age, age at first marriage, marital status, total children ever born, educational level, wealth index, being a household head, employment status, decision-maker regarding employment, number of marriages ever had, smoking, relationship with the husband, husband's age, husband's educational level, husband's polygamy, area of residence, and region of residence (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Violence against women has reached endemic proportions in Morocco and this has serious consequences for population health and the country's economy. There is a need to reinforce and better structure public health programmes to sustainably prevent or reduce violence against women in the country. It is also important to take actions to mitigate the risk factors and provide adequate and quality care for victims.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; Morocco; Prevalence; Marital Status; Marriage; Violence
PubMed: 38279863
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.122 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Sep 2023Suicide is one of the main causes of premature death and an important health concern globally because of its current rising prevalence.
BACKGROUND
Suicide is one of the main causes of premature death and an important health concern globally because of its current rising prevalence.
AIMS
To investigate suicidal thoughts and attempts among married women who have experienced intimate partner violence in Sivas, Türkiye.
METHODS
This cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted between January and December 2019 among 2243 currently married women aged 15-49 years, who had been residing in the centre of Sivas Province, Türkiye, for ≥ 6 months. Multistage clustered random sampling was used in the survey. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used for the measure of mental health, while the violence items were measured using the Conflict Tactic Scales-2. The data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0.
RESULTS
Prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts was 9.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age < 25 years, mental health problems, being a victim of violence during childhood or marriage, and insufficient income were associated with suicidal thoughts. Age < 25 years, mental health problems, being a victim of violence during childhood or marriage were associated with suicidal attempts.
CONCLUSION
Intimate partner violence is a risk factor for poor health among women, including mental health, and it could result in suicidal thoughts and attempts. Intimate partner violence against women should be addressed by the relevant authorities to reduce suicidal thoughts and attempts, especially among younger women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Suicidal Ideation; Marriage; Cross-Sectional Studies; Intimate Partner Violence; Violence; Risk Factors; Prevalence
PubMed: 37776134
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.23.097 -
International Health Sep 2023Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains one of the most significant public health challenges globally, particularly in...
BACKGROUND
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains one of the most significant public health challenges globally, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although HIV testing is a vital step for both prevention and treatment, its uptake is still low in SSA. We therefore examined HIV testing in SSA and its individual/household and community factors among women of reproductive age groups (15-49 y).
METHODS
Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 2010 and 2020 from 28 SSA countries were used for this analysis. We analysed the coverage of HIV testing and individual/household and community factors on 384 416 women in the reproductive age groups (15-49 y). Bivariate and multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to select candidate variables and to identify significant explanatory variables associated with HIV testing and the results were presented using adjusted odd ratios (AORs) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of HIV testing among women of reproductive age in SSA was 56.1% (95% CI 53.7 to 58.4), with the highest coverage found in Zambia (86.9%) and the lowest in Chad (6.1%). Age (45-49 y; AOR 0.30 [95% CI 0.15 to 0.62]), women's education level (secondary; AOR 1.97 [95% CI 1.36 to 2.84]) and economic status (richest; AOR 2.78 [95% CI 1.40 to 5.51]) were some of the individual/household factors associated with HIV testing. Similarly, religion (no religion; AOR 0.58 [95% CI 0.34 to 0.97]), marital status (married; AOR 0.69 [95% CI 0.50 to 0.95]) and comprehensive knowledge of HIV (yes; AOR 2.01 [95% CI 1.53 to 2.64]) were significantly associated individual/household factors for HIV testing. Meanwhile, place of residence (rural; AOR 0.65 [95% CI 0.45 to 0.94]) was found to be a significant community-level factor.
CONCLUSION
More than half of married women in SSA have been tested for HIV, with between-country variations. Both individual/household factors were associated with HIV testing. Stakeholders should therefore consider all above-mentioned factors to plan an integrated approach to enhancing HIV testing through health education, sensitization, counselling and empowering older and married women, those with no formal education, those who do not have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge and those in rural areas.
Topics: Humans; Female; HIV; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Marital Status; Marriage; HIV Testing; Health Surveys
PubMed: 37099414
DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad031