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Current Opinion in Neurobiology Jun 2024Studying the intricacies of individual subjects' moods and cognitive processing over extended periods of time presents a formidable challenge in medicine. While much of... (Review)
Review
Studying the intricacies of individual subjects' moods and cognitive processing over extended periods of time presents a formidable challenge in medicine. While much of systems neuroscience appropriately focuses on the link between neural circuit functions and well-constrained behaviors over short timescales (e.g., trials, hours), many mental health conditions involve complex interactions of mood and cognition that are non-stationary across behavioral contexts and evolve over extended timescales. Here, we discuss opportunities, challenges, and possible future directions in computational psychiatry to quantify non-stationary continuously monitored behaviors. We suggest that this exploratory effort may contribute to a more precision-based approach to treating mental disorders and facilitate a more robust reverse translation across animal species. We conclude with ethical considerations for any field that aims to bridge artificial intelligence and patient monitoring.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Psychiatry; Ethology; Mental Disorders; Artificial Intelligence
PubMed: 38696972
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102881 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Dec 2023Jean-Martin Charcot, widely regarded as a leading founder of modern neurology, made substantial contributions to the understanding and characterization of numerous...
Jean-Martin Charcot, widely regarded as a leading founder of modern neurology, made substantial contributions to the understanding and characterization of numerous medical conditions. His initial focus was on internal medicine, later expanding to include neuropathology, general neurology, and eventually emerging fields such as neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry. Furthermore, Charcot's intellectual pursuits extended beyond medicine, encompassing research in art history, medical iconography, sociology, religious studies, and the arts, solidifying his status as a polymath.
Topics: Humans; Neurology; Neuropathology; Neuropsychiatry; France
PubMed: 37899048
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775984 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2024Telepsychiatry formed part of the Australian mental health response to COVID-19, but relevant reviews pre- and post-pandemic are sparse. This scoping review aimed to map... (Review)
Review
Telepsychiatry formed part of the Australian mental health response to COVID-19, but relevant reviews pre- and post-pandemic are sparse. This scoping review aimed to map the literature on telepsychiatry in Australia and identify key research priorities. We searched databases (Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, Proquest databases, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and reference lists from January 1990 to December 2022. Keywords included telepsychiatry, videoconferencing, telephone consultation, psychiatry, mental health, and Australia. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. We identified 96 publications, one-third of which appeared since 2020. Extracted data included article types, service types, usage levels, outcome measures, perceptions, and research gaps. Most publications were quantitative studies (n = 43) and narrative reports of services (n = 17). Seventy-six papers reported mostly publicly established services. Videoconferencing alone was the most common mode of telepsychiatry. There was increased use over time, with the emergence of metropolitan telepsychiatry during the pandemic. Few papers used validated outcome measures (n = 5) or conducted economic evaluations (n = 4). Content analysis of the papers identified perceptions of patient (and caregiver) benefits, clinical care, service sustainability, and technology capability/capacity. Benefits such as convenience and cost-saving, clinical care issues, and implementation challenges were mentioned. Research gaps in patient perspectives, outcomes, clinical practice, health economics, usage patterns, and technological issues were identified. There is consistent interest in, and growth of, telepsychiatry in Australia. The identified perception themes might serve as a framework for future research on user perspectives and service integration. Other research areas include usage trends, outcome measures, and economic evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Psychiatry; Telemedicine; Australia; Referral and Consultation; Telephone
PubMed: 38462906
DOI: 10.1177/00469580241237116 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Dec 2023The emerging field of perioperative medicine has the potential to make significant contributions to global health. Perioperative medicine aims to help reduce unmet... (Review)
Review
The emerging field of perioperative medicine has the potential to make significant contributions to global health. Perioperative medicine aims to help reduce unmet surgical need, decrease variation in quality and systematically improve patient outcomes. These aims are also applicable to key challenges in global health, such as limited access to surgical care, variable quality and workforce shortages. This article describes the areas in which perioperative medicine can contribute to global health using case studies of successful care pathways, risk prediction tools, strategies for effective grassroots research and novel workforce approaches aimed at effectively using limited resources.
Topics: Humans; Developing Countries; Global Health; Perioperative Medicine; Workforce
PubMed: 38153020
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0286 -
Journal of Endocrinological... May 2024Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology in the field of endocrinology, offering significant potential to revolutionize the diagnosis,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology in the field of endocrinology, offering significant potential to revolutionize the diagnosis, treatment, and management of endocrine disorders. This comprehensive review aims to provide a concise overview of the current landscape of AI applications in endocrinology and metabolism, focusing on the fundamental concepts of AI, including machine learning algorithms and deep learning models.
METHODS
The review explores various areas of endocrinology where AI has demonstrated its value, encompassing screening and diagnosis, risk prediction, translational research, and "pre-emptive medicine". Within each domain, relevant studies are discussed, offering insights into the methodology and main findings of AI in the treatment of different pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus and related disorders, thyroid disorders, adrenal tumors, and bone and mineral disorders.
RESULTS
Collectively, these studies show the valuable contributions of AI in optimizing healthcare outcomes and unveiling new understandings of the intricate mechanisms underlying endocrine disorders. Furthermore, AI-driven approaches facilitate the development of precision medicine strategies, enabling tailored interventions for patients based on their individual characteristics and needs.
CONCLUSIONS
By embracing AI in endocrinology, a future can be envisioned where medical professionals and AI systems synergistically collaborate, ultimately enhancing the lives of individuals affected by endocrine disorders.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Endocrinology; Endocrine System Diseases; Machine Learning; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 37971630
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02235-9 -
Medicine Jun 2024Hypertension, a prevalent chronic condition characterized by elevated blood pressure, is a significant global health burden, contributing to approximately 7.5 million... (Review)
Review
Hypertension, a prevalent chronic condition characterized by elevated blood pressure, is a significant global health burden, contributing to approximately 7.5 million premature deaths annually. While existing literature predominantly focuses on conventional treatment modalities, this paper offers unique insights into dependable approaches to hypertension management. Drawing upon epidemiological data, it highlights the increasing prevalence of hypertension across diverse populations, emphasizing demographic disparities and regional variations. This article underscores the need for tailored interventions considering individual risk profiles and socioeconomic determinants. Beyond conventional lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies, it explores emerging trends such as mindfulness-based interventions and integrative medicine in hypertension management. Additionally, it discusses the role of digital health technologies and telemedicine in enhancing patient engagement and remote monitoring, optimizing treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the paper addresses the evolving landscape of personalized medicine and genomic advancements in predicting individual responses to antihypertensive therapies, advocating for precision medicine approaches. This paper advocates for a holistic and patient-centered approach to hypertension management by offering a comprehensive overview of established and emerging strategies. It underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, continuous education, and innovative research endeavors to address the multifaceted challenges posed by hypertension and improve global cardiovascular health outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Telemedicine; Antihypertensive Agents; Precision Medicine; Mindfulness; Integrative Medicine; Life Style
PubMed: 38875433
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038560 -
Journal of Perinatology : Official... Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neonatology; Medical Informatics
PubMed: 38454154
DOI: 10.1038/s41372-024-01924-4 -
Genes Apr 2024In recent years, the FDA has approved numerous anti-cancer drugs that are mutation-based for clinical use. These drugs have improved the precision of treatment and... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the FDA has approved numerous anti-cancer drugs that are mutation-based for clinical use. These drugs have improved the precision of treatment and reduced adverse effects and side effects. Personalized therapy is a prominent and hot topic of current medicine and also represents the future direction of development. With the continuous advancements in gene sequencing and high-throughput screening, research and development strategies for personalized clinical drugs have developed rapidly. This review elaborates the recent personalized treatment strategies, which include artificial intelligence, multi-omics analysis, chemical proteomics, and computation-aided drug design. These technologies rely on the molecular classification of diseases, the global signaling network within organisms, and new models for all targets, which significantly support the development of personalized medicine. Meanwhile, we summarize chemical drugs, such as lorlatinib, osimertinib, and other natural products, that deliver personalized therapeutic effects based on genetic mutations. This review also highlights potential challenges in interpreting genetic mutations and combining drugs, while providing new ideas for the development of personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics in cancer study.
Topics: Precision Medicine; Humans; Biological Products; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Pharmacogenetics; Mutation
PubMed: 38674402
DOI: 10.3390/genes15040468 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Jul 2024The recent development and approval of new diagnostic imaging and therapy approaches in the field of theranostics have revolutionised nuclear medicine practice. To...
PURPOSE
The recent development and approval of new diagnostic imaging and therapy approaches in the field of theranostics have revolutionised nuclear medicine practice. To ensure the provision of these new imaging and therapy approaches in a safe and high-quality manner, training of nuclear medicine physicians and qualified specialists is paramount. This is required for trainees who are learning theranostics practice, and for ensuring minimum standards for knowledge and competency in existing practising specialists.
METHODS
To address the need for a training curriculum in theranostics that would be utilised at a global level, a Consultancy Meeting was held at the IAEA in May 2023, with participation by experts in radiopharmaceutical therapy and theranostics including representatives of major international organisations relevant to theranostics practice.
RESULTS
Through extensive discussions and review of existing curriculum and guidelines, a harmonised training program for theranostics was developed, which aims to ensure safe and high quality theranostics practice in all countries.
CONCLUSION
The guiding principles for theranostics training outlined in this paper have immediate relevance for the safe and effective practice of theranostics.
Topics: Humans; Nuclear Medicine; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Curriculum
PubMed: 38453729
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06657-2 -
Croatian Medical Journal Jun 2024
Topics: Precision Medicine; Humans
PubMed: 38868962
DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2024.65.169