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Frontiers in Public Health 2023Comorbidities of mental disorders and chronic physical conditions are a common medical burden reported among Western countries. National estimates of such comorbidities...
INTRODUCTION
Comorbidities of mental disorders and chronic physical conditions are a common medical burden reported among Western countries. National estimates of such comorbidities among the general population of Arab countries like Saudi Arabia are unknown. This study examined the prevalence of lifetime chronic physical conditions among the Saudi general population with DSM-IV 12-month mental disorders, and the associations with disability in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
METHODS
The Saudi National Mental Health Survey, a cross-sectional household study - part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Consortium - was conducted between 2013-2016 in the KSA, with 4,001 Saudi citizens aged 15-65 (response rate 61%). The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used to assess prevalence of lifetime chronic physical conditions and 12-month mental disorders; disability was measured in terms of days out of role.
RESULTS
The prevalence of any comorbid 12-month mental disorder among those with chronic physical conditions was 24%. Major depressive disorder, social phobia, and adult separation anxiety disorder were the most common comorbid mental disorders across all chronic physical conditions. Gender, education, income, urbanicity, region, and employment were associated with the presence of any chronic physical condition. Respondents with mental / physical comorbidities had 2.97 days out of role (on average) in the last 30 days.
CONCLUSION
Comorbidities of mental disorders and chronic physical conditions are common among Saudis. National efforts are needed to increase awareness of such comorbidities among the general population, and develop prevention and treatment services tailored to the needs of individuals at-risk for comorbidities.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Saudi Arabia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mental Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Chronic Disease; Health Surveys
PubMed: 38089017
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1238326 -
European Psychiatry : the Journal of... Aug 2023One in eight individuals worldwide lives with a mental health disorder. For many European countries, the prevalence is even higher, with one in four people reporting...
One in eight individuals worldwide lives with a mental health disorder. For many European countries, the prevalence is even higher, with one in four people reporting mental health problems [1]. Three-quarters of all mental health disorders develop before age 25, with many presenting initially in undiagnosed forms already in the mid-teens and eventually manifesting as severe disorders and lasting into old age [2]. There is also growing evidence that mental health disorder symptoms cross diagnoses and people frequently have more than one mental health disorder [3].
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Mental Health; Mental Disorders; Europe; Psychotic Disorders; Psychotherapy; Prevalence
PubMed: 37554014
DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2419 -
International Journal of Biometeorology Jun 2024Mental and behavioral disorders are an important public health problem and constitute a priority for the WHO, whose recommendations include the surveillance of their... (Review)
Review
Mental and behavioral disorders are an important public health problem and constitute a priority for the WHO, whose recommendations include the surveillance of their risk factors. On the other hand, drought episodes have been increasing in frequency and severity in Europe since 1980. Therefore, to review the present knowledge about the impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders, in the present climate change context, and to underline potential research gaps, could be of major interest. Thus, we performed a narrative review using online academic databases with the aim of identifying relevant literature about the impact of drought on mental and behavioral disorders. To the best of our knowledge, no study in Europe quantifies the potential association between drought and mental disorders. A limited number of studies have found significant associations between droughts (with different temporal ranges) and various measures of mental health. However, according to our review, only three of them quantified the association between drought and objective mental health outcomes, such as number of emergencies due to clinically diagnosed mental disorders or suicides. Additionally, few studies used specific indices as a measure of drought; and finally, as far as authors are aware, none of them has analyzed this relationship adjusting for various other potential environmental confounders. Moreover, the eventual association could vary between different geographical areas within the same country. Therefore, national and regional studies would be especially necessary. Thus, there is a need for specific national and regional studies, in Europe and globally, that assess the impact of specific indices of drought (with different temporal ranges) on objective mental health outcomes controlling for potential environmental confounders. Moreover, the quantification of its cost would be necessary for health prioritization, evidence-based policies and strategic health planning.
Topics: Droughts; Climate Change; Humans; Mental Disorders; Europe
PubMed: 38503966
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02657-x -
Jornal de Pediatria 2024
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Substance-Related Disorders; Mental Health; Mental Disorders; Child; Adolescent
PubMed: 38685271
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.04.003 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2023Mental-health-related stigma prevents active help seeking and therefore early therapeutic approaches and the recovery of functionality. National and international... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Mental-health-related stigma prevents active help seeking and therefore early therapeutic approaches and the recovery of functionality. National and international agencies recommend the implementation of prevention and mental health promotion programs that support the elimination of stigma in the classroom, since most mental health problems usually start in the adolescent stage. In view of the evidence that teachers present stigmatizing attitudes towards mental health, it has been considered as convenient to carry out an anti-stigma program with the main objective of evaluating the impact of an intervention based on the education and promotion of mental health, aimed at teachers and counsellors of a secondary school. The specific objectives were to get to know which were the most stigmatising attitudes that prevailed in the sample before and after the intervention; to evaluate the knowledge of the teaching staff and counsellors on psychosis before the intervention; to analyse correlations between clinically relevant variables; and assess whether this programme was beneficial and feasible for alphabetising counsellors/teachers of educational centres on stigma and FEP.
METHODS
This was a non-randomised clinical trial in which a nursing intervention was performed.
TOOLS
a psychosis test (pre), Stigma Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) (pre-post), and satisfaction survey (post) were used. The inferential analysis included the Wilcoxon and the Pearson Correlation Test.
RESULTS
In the sample ( = 22), the predominant stigmatising attitude was "Help". The -values obtained in the Wilcoxon Test were statistically significant, except for "Responsibility" and "Pity". The following constructs of interest were faced: "Fear"-"Age" and "Professional experience"; and "Help"-"Psychosis test".
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the scores obtained in "Responsibility" and "Pity", the intervention was useful for reducing stigma in the sample. Implications for the profession: There are adolescents who have suffered stigma from their teachers, and consequently have minimized their symptoms and not asked for help. For this reason, we implemented a nursing intervention based on the education and promotion of mental health, with the aim of expanding knowledge and reducing stigma. In fact, this intervention, which we carried out on high school teachers, managed to reduce the majority of stigmatizing attitudes measured on the stigma attribution scale.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Mental Health; Feasibility Studies; Psychotic Disorders; Schools; Social Stigma; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37998318
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227087 -
The International Journal of Social... Aug 2023The treatment of psychiatric patients has suffered a major change over the last decades, with long-term hospitalizations being replaced by short-term stays and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The treatment of psychiatric patients has suffered a major change over the last decades, with long-term hospitalizations being replaced by short-term stays and appropriate aftercare in outpatient services. Some chronically ill patients exhibit a pattern of multiple hospitalizations, designated as the Revolving Door (RD) phenomenon.
AIMS
This review aims to analyse the existing literature regarding sociodemographic, clinical and other factors associated with multiple hospitalizations in psychiatric facilities.
METHOD
The search performed in the PubMed database for the terms revolving[Title] AND (psyc*[Title] OR schizo*[Title] OR mental[Title]) presented 30 citations, 8 of which met the eligibility criteria. Four other studies found in references of these articles were also included in the review.
RESULTS
Albeit the use of different criteria to define the RD phenomenon, it is more likely to be associated with patients who are younger, single, with low educational level, unemployed, diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, particularly schizophrenia, and with alcohol and/or substance use. It is also associated with a younger age on disease onset, suicidality, noncompliance and voluntary type of admission.
CONCLUSION
Recognizing patients with a RD pattern of admissions and prediction of rehospitalization can help the development of preventive intervention strategies and identify potential limitations in existing health care delivery systems.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Hospitalization; Psychotic Disorders; Patient Readmission; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 37209104
DOI: 10.1177/00207640221143282 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Jan 2024There is mixed evidence on the link between mental health and addiction (MHA) history and recidivism. Few studies have examined post-release MHA care. Our objective was...
BACKGROUND
There is mixed evidence on the link between mental health and addiction (MHA) history and recidivism. Few studies have examined post-release MHA care. Our objective was to examine the association between prior (pre-incarceration) MHA service use and post-release recidivism and service use.
METHODS
We conducted a population-based cohort study linking individuals held in provincial correctional institutions in 2010 to health administrative databases. Prior MHA service use was assigned hierarchically in order of hospitalization, emergency department visit and outpatient visit. We followed up individuals post-release for up to 5 years for the first occurrence of recidivism and MHA hospitalization, emergency department visit and outpatient visit. We use Cox-proportional hazards models to examine the association between prior MHA service use and each outcome adjusting for prior correctional involvement and demographic characteristics.
RESULTS
Among a sample consisting of 45,890 individuals, we found that prior MHA service use was moderately associated with recidivism (hazard ratio (HR): 1.20-1.50, all < 0.001), with secondary analyses finding larger associations for addiction service use (HR range: 1.34-1.54, all < 0.001) than for mental health service use (HR range: 1.09-1.18, all < 0.001). We found high levels of post-release MHA hospitalization and low levels of outpatient MHA care relative to need even among individuals with prior MHA hospitalization.
DISCUSSION
Despite a high risk of recidivism and acute MHA utilization post-release, we found low access to MHA outpatient care, highlighting the necessity for greater efforts to facilitate access to care and care integration for individuals with mental health needs in correctional facilities.
Topics: Humans; Ontario; Mental Disorders; Cohort Studies; Recidivism; Mental Health Services; Correctional Facilities; Prisoners; Emergency Service, Hospital
PubMed: 36518095
DOI: 10.1177/07067437221140385 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Mental Disorders; Canada
PubMed: 37357689
DOI: 10.1177/07067437231182059 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Oct 2023Mental illness is increasing among young people and likewise the request for health care services. At the same time, somatic comorbidity is common in children and...
OBJECTIVE
Mental illness is increasing among young people and likewise the request for health care services. At the same time, somatic comorbidity is common in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. There is a lack of studies on health care use in children and adolescents, and the hypothesis was that children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders use more primary-, and specialized somatic health care compared to children without psychiatric disorders.
METHODS
In this retrospective population-based register study, all individuals aged 3-17 years living in Västra Götaland region in Sweden in 2017 were included (n = 298,877). Linear and Poisson regression were used to compare health care use during 2016-2018 between children with and without psychiatric diagnoses, controlling for age and gender. The results were reported as unstandardised beta coefficient (ß) and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) respectively.
RESULTS
Having a psychiatric diagnosis was associated with more primary care visits (ß 2.35, 95% CI 2.30-2.40). This applied to most diagnoses investigated. Girls had more primary care visits than boys. Likewise, individuals with psychiatric diagnoses had more specialized somatic outpatient care (ß 1.70, 95% CI 1.67-1.73), both planned and unplanned (ß 1.23, 95% CI 1.21-1.25; ß 0.18, 95% CI 0.17-0.19). Somatic inpatient care was more common in those having a psychiatric diagnosis (aPR 1.65, 95% CI 1.58-1.72), with the diagnoses of psychosis and substance use exerting the greatest risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychiatric diagnoses were associated with increased primary-, somatic outpatient- as well as somatic inpatient care. Increased awareness of comorbidity and easy access to relevant health care could be beneficial for patients and caregivers. The results call for a review of current health care systems with distinct division between medical disciplines and levels of health care.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Comorbidity; Delivery of Health Care; Mental Disorders; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Psychotic Disorders; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37415523
DOI: 10.1111/acps.13590 -
Pharmacological Research Jun 2024Neuropsychiatric disorders shorten human life spans through multiple ways and become major threats to human health. Exercise can regulate the estrogen signaling, which... (Review)
Review
Neuropsychiatric disorders shorten human life spans through multiple ways and become major threats to human health. Exercise can regulate the estrogen signaling, which may be involved in depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and other neuropsychiatric disorders as well in their sex differences. In nervous system, estrogen is an important regulator of cell development, synaptic development, and brain connectivity. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate the potential of estrogen system in the exercise intervention of neuropsychiatric disorders to better understand the exercise in neuropsychiatric disorders and its sex specific. Exercise can exert a protective effect in neuropsychiatric disorders through regulating the expression of estrogen and estrogen receptors, which are involved in neuroprotection, neurodevelopment, and neuronal glucose homeostasis. These processes are mediated by the downstream factors of estrogen signaling, including N-myc downstream regulatory gene 2 (Ndrg2), serotonin (5-HT), delta like canonical Notch ligand 1 (DLL1), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), etc. In addition, exercise can act on the estrogen response element (ERE) fragment in the genes of estrogenic downstream factors like β-amyloid precursor protein cleavase 1 (BACE1). However, there are few studies on the relationship between exercise, the estrogen signaling pathway, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hence, we review how the estrogen signaling mediates the mechanism of exercise intervention in neuropsychiatric disorders. We aim to provide a theoretical perspective for neuropsychiatric disorders affecting female health and provide theoretical support for the design of exercise prescriptions.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Estrogens; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Mental Disorders; Receptors, Estrogen; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38704108
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107201