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Psychiatria Polska Oct 2023The aim of the study was to assess attitudes towards people with mental disorders.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to assess attitudes towards people with mental disorders.
METHODS
The survey was carried out in a group of 93 students of the fifth year of medical studies (medical faculty) including 59 women and 34 men, aged 24.34 ± 1.28 years.
RESULTS
In the conducted research, personal contact with a psychiatrist due to problems with their own mental health was declared by 23% of respondents. The choice of psychiatry as a field of specialization was declared by 19% of students. In the analysis of the questionnaire on beliefs, as many as 83% of respondents considered that mental illness is a cause for shame. Analyzing the attitude of the respondents to treatment, it was shown that as many as 80% of people believed that compulsory hospitalization is a right procedure. It should be emphasized that only 31% of the surveyed students believed that people with mental disorders should decide to have offspring, and 36% of people thought that mentally disturbed people would not be good as parents. As many as 30% of respondents believed that people with mental disorders more often commit crimes than healthy people, and 42% of students showed a lack of determination in this aspect.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the research suggest the necessity of expanding knowledge and shaping appropriate attitudes towards people with mental disorders among future doctors.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Students, Medical; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry; Mental Health; Physicians; Surveys and Questionnaires; Attitude of Health Personnel
PubMed: 38345126
DOI: 10.12740/PP/152318 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory... (Review)
Review
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory formation and consolidation as well as in fear and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are predominantly glutamatergic. To ensure the physiological activity of the brain, glutamatergic transmission is finely tuned at synaptic sites. Disruption of the mechanisms responsible for glutamate homeostasis may result in the accumulation of excessive glutamate levels, which in turn leads to increased calcium levels, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, and eventually cell atrophy and death. This condition is known as glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and is considered as a pathogenic mechanism in several diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodevelopmental, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, these disorders share neuroplasticity impairments in glutamatergic brain areas, which are accompanied by structural remodeling of glutamatergic neurons. In the current narrative review, we will summarize the role of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in both the pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions of neurodevelopmental and adult mental diseases with a focus on autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, glutamatergic drugs are under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of different mental diseases that share glutamatergic neuroplasticity dysfunctions. Although clinical evidence is still limited and more studies are required, the regulation of glutamate homeostasis is attracting attention as a potential crucial target for the control of brain diseases.
Topics: Humans; Glutamic Acid; Mental Disorders; Animals; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Neuronal Plasticity; Brain; Adult; Substance-Related Disorders; Autism Spectrum Disorder
PubMed: 38928227
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126521 -
BMC Primary Care Sep 2023Majority of people with mental health problems attend primary care for support. Interventions that structure consultations have been found effective for physical health... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Majority of people with mental health problems attend primary care for support. Interventions that structure consultations have been found effective for physical health conditions and secondary mental health care. The aim of the review is to identify what tools or interventions exist to structure communication in primary care for appointments related to mental health problems and examine existing evidence for effectiveness for mental health and quality of life outcomes.
METHODS
Quantitative and qualitative studies were eligible for inclusion if staff was based in a primary care setting and the intervention involved bi-directional communication with adult patients. Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL) with no time restriction. Search terms combined four concepts with key words such as "structured" and "interaction" and "mental illness" and "primary care". Reference lists of eligible studies were searched.
RESULTS
After removing duplicates, 3578 records were found and underwent further screening. A total of 16 records were included, representing eight different interventions from five countries. The majority were delivered by primary care doctors and focused on patients experiencing psychological distress. Similarities across interventions' service delivery were that most were created for a broad patient population, used self-report assessments at the start and actions or plans as the end point, and employed group settings and didactic methods for training staff in the intervention. Booster and follow-up trainings were not offered in any of the interventions, and supervision was only part of the process for one. The evidence for effectiveness for mental health and quality of life outcomes was mixed with three out of five RCTs finding a positive effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the idea of structuring communication for mental health consultations has been around since the 1980s, relatively few interventions have attempted to structure the conversations within the consultation, rather than modifying pre-visit events. As the evidence-base showed feasibility and acceptability for a number of interventions, there is scope for those interventions to be developed further and tested more rigorously.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mental Health; Quality of Life; Mental Disorders; Communication; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 37661251
DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02129-y -
Australian Journal of General Practice Nov 2023Acute cardiac events confer an increased risk of mental health problems, which compromise physical recovery and increase the risk of recurrence and premature mortality.
BACKGROUND
Acute cardiac events confer an increased risk of mental health problems, which compromise physical recovery and increase the risk of recurrence and premature mortality.
OBJECTIVE
This paper provides an overview of the nature, prevalence, predictors and impacts of post-cardiac event mental health problems, and outlines the benefits of mental health screening, effective treatments for mental health problems and the role of general practitioners (GPs) in the identification and management of mental health problems in cardiac patients.
DISCUSSION
Post-event mental health problems are common, yet gaps exist in their identification and management in acute inpatient, cardiac rehabilitation and primary care settings. Effective screening tools and treatment options are available and have been shown to improve not only mental health, but also cardiovascular outcomes. GPs are well placed to contribute to the identification and management of post-event mental health problems provided they are equipped with adequate information about treatment and referral options.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Incidence; General Practitioners; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37935151
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-05-23-6828 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Universities; Suicide; Mental Disorders; Students
PubMed: 37394736
DOI: 10.1177/07067437231183747 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Substantial research evidence supports the correlation between mental disorders and sepsis. Nevertheless, the causal connection between a particular psychological...
BACKGROUND
Substantial research evidence supports the correlation between mental disorders and sepsis. Nevertheless, the causal connection between a particular psychological disorder and sepsis remains unclear.
METHODS
For investigating the causal relationships between mental disorders and sepsis, genetic variants correlated with mental disorders, including anorexia nervosa (AN), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and tourette syndrome (TS), were all extracted from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC). The causal estimates and direction between these mental disorders and sepsis were evaluated employing a two-sample bidirectional MR strategy. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary approach utilized. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the validity of the causal effect. Meta-analysis, multivariable MR, and mediation MR were conducted to ensure the credibility and depth of this research.
RESULTS
The presence of AN was in relation to a greater likelihood of sepsis (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14; 0.013). A meta-analysis including validation cohorts supported this observation (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.09). None of the investigated mental disorders appeared to be impacted when sepsis was set as the exposure factor. Even after adjusting for confounding factors, AN remained statistically significant (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15; 0.013). Mediation analysis indicated N-formylmethionine levels (with a mediated proportion of 7.47%), cystatin D levels (2.97%), ketogluconate Metabolism (17.41%) and N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis (20.06%) might serve as mediators in the pathogenesis of AN-sepsis.
CONCLUSION
At the gene prediction level, two-sample bidirectional MR analysis revealed that mental disorder AN had a causal association with an increased likelihood of sepsis. In addition, N-formylmethionine levels, cystatin D levels, ketogluconate metabolism and N10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis may function as potential mediators in the pathophysiology of AN-sepsis. Our research may contribute to the investigation of novel therapeutic strategies for mental illness and sepsis.
Topics: Humans; Sepsis; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Mental Disorders; Female
PubMed: 38827616
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327315 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Revealing the underlying pathomechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders, searching for new biomarkers, and developing novel therapeutics all require...
Revealing the underlying pathomechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders, searching for new biomarkers, and developing novel therapeutics all require translational research [...].
Topics: Humans; Translational Research, Biomedical; Mental Disorders; Biomarkers; Translational Science, Biomedical
PubMed: 37958722
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115739 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Dec 2023General Practitioners (GPs) are involved in preconception, pregnancy, and postnatal care. Overall, mental health remains a significant contributor to disease burden... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
General Practitioners (GPs) are involved in preconception, pregnancy, and postnatal care. Overall, mental health remains a significant contributor to disease burden affecting 1 in 4 pregnant women. Psychotropic medication prescribing occurs in almost 1 in 12 pregnancies, and appears to be increasing, along with the prevalence of mental health disorders in women of reproductive age. Perinatal mental health management is therefore not an unlikely scenario within their clinical practice. This scoping review aims to map current research related to GPs perceptions and experiences of managing perinatal mental health.
METHOD
A comprehensive search strategy using nine electronic databases, and grey literature was undertaken between December 2021 and February 2023. Relevant studies were sourced from peer review databases using key terms related to perinatal mental health and general practitioners. Search results were screened on title, abstract and full text to assess those meeting inclusion criteria and relevance to the research question.
RESULTS
After screening, 16 articles were included in the scoping review. The majority focused on perinatal depression. Findings support that GPs express confidence with diagnosing perinatal depression but report issues of stigma navigating a diagnosis. Over the last two decades, prescribing confidence in perinatal mental health remains variable with concerns for the safety profile of medication, low level of confidence in providing information and a strong reliance on personal experience. Despite the establishment of perinatal guidelines by countries, the utilisation of these and other existing resources by GPs appears from current literature to be infrequent. Many challenges exist for GPs around time pressures, a lack of information and resources, and difficulty accessing referral to services.
CONCLUSION
Recommendations following this scoping review include targeted perinatal education programs specific for GPs and embedded within training programs and the development of practice guidelines and resources specific to general practice that recognises time, services, and funding limitations. To achieve this future research is first needed on how guidelines and resources can be developed and best delivered to optimise GP engagement to improve knowledge and enhance patient care.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Mental Health; General Practitioners; Mental Disorders; Pregnant Women; General Practice
PubMed: 38042768
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06156-6 -
Psychiatria Danubina Oct 2023There is a correlation between food and mental health, as well as the increased prevalence of chronic diseases in psychiatric patients. Factors that can contribute to...
INTRODUCTION
There is a correlation between food and mental health, as well as the increased prevalence of chronic diseases in psychiatric patients. Factors that can contribute to this include psychopharmacological treatment, unhealthy lifestyles, inadequate self-care, poor social and emotional integration, difficulty seeking help from doctors and low compliance with treatments. Studies have also shown that individual nutrients and dietary habits can impact psychophysical well-being.
METHODS
The survey was conducted from February to March 2023 using Google Forms. It involved a questionnaire that was administered to a sample of 72 employees from the Departments of Mental Health in the Puglia Region. The questionnaire consisted of ten statements evaluating the importance of promoting adequate lifestyles and nutritional education in patients with psychiatric disorders through the role of the dietician.
RESULTS
The survey shows that most operators recognize the importance of dietitians in managing the nutritional needs of psychiatric patients, but there is some disagreement regarding the extent of their competence and role. For example, some operators do not consider dietitians as the only qualified and competent professionals to apply dietary styles, and not all of them agree on the importance of including dietitians in mental health care teams. The survey also suggests that including dietitians in mental health care teams could help manage the metabolic changes induced by psychopharmacological treatment and reduce healthcare costs.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data highlight the importance of nutrition in mental health and the need for greater recognition of the role of dietitians in treating psychiatric patients. Considering nutrition as a fundamental aspect of mental health is crucial to promoting overall wellness and preventing chronic conditions.
Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Diet; Mental Disorders; Nutritional Status; Physicians; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 37800256
DOI: No ID Found -
CNS Spectrums Jun 2024Difficulties with emotion regulation have been associated with multiple psychiatric conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate emotional regulation difficulties...
OBJECTIVE
Difficulties with emotion regulation have been associated with multiple psychiatric conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate emotional regulation difficulties in young adults who gamble at least occasionally (ie, an enriched sample), and diagnosed with a range of psychiatric disorders using the validated Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).
METHODS
A total of 543 non-treatment-seeking individuals who had engaged in gambling activities on at least 5 occasions within the previous year, aged 18-29 were recruited from general community settings. Diagnostic assessments included the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder World Health Organization Screening Tool Part A, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Gambling Disorder. Emotional dysregulation was evaluated using DERS. The profile of emotional dysregulation across disorders was characterized using -scores (those with the index disorder vs. those without the index disorder).
RESULTS
Individuals with probable ADHD displayed the highest level of difficulties in emotional regulation, followed by intermittent explosive disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In contrast, participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed relatively lower levels of difficulties with emotional regulation.
CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the importance of recognizing emotional dysregulation as a trans-diagnostic phenomenon across psychiatric disorders. The results also reveal differing levels of emotional dysregulation across diagnoses, with potential implications for tailored treatment approaches. Despite limitations such as small sample sizes for certain disorders and limited age range, this study contributes to a broader understanding of emotional regulation's role in psychiatric conditions.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Emotional Regulation; Adult; Adolescent; Mental Disorders; Gambling; Young Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
PubMed: 38695189
DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924000270