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Journal of Neuroengineering and... Jun 2024Many individuals with neurodegenerative (NDD) and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) experience debilitating fatigue. Currently, assessments of fatigue rely...
Evaluation of walking activity and gait to identify physical and mental fatigue in neurodegenerative and immune disorders: preliminary insights from the IDEA-FAST feasibility study.
BACKGROUND
Many individuals with neurodegenerative (NDD) and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID) experience debilitating fatigue. Currently, assessments of fatigue rely on patient reported outcomes (PROs), which are subjective and prone to recall biases. Wearable devices, however, provide objective and reliable estimates of gait, an essential component of health, and may present objective evidence of fatigue. This study explored the relationships between gait characteristics derived from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and patient-reported fatigue in the IDEA-FAST feasibility study.
METHODS
Participants with IMIDs and NDDs (Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjogren's syndrome (PSS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)) wore a lower-back IMU continuously for up to 10 days at home. Concurrently, participants completed PROs (physical fatigue (PF) and mental fatigue (MF)) up to four times a day. Macro (volume, variability, pattern, and acceleration vector magnitude) and micro (pace, rhythm, variability, asymmetry, and postural control) gait characteristics were extracted from the accelerometer data. The associations of these measures with the PROs were evaluated using a generalised linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) and binary classification with machine learning.
RESULTS
Data were recorded from 72 participants: PD = 13, HD = 9, RA = 12, SLE = 9, PSS = 14, IBD = 15. For the GLMM, the variability of the non-walking bouts length (in seconds) with PF returned the highest conditional R2, 0.165, and with MF the highest marginal R2, 0.0018. For the machine learning classifiers, the highest accuracy of the current analysis was returned by the micro gait characteristics with an intrasubject cross validation method and MF as 56.90% (precision = 43.9%, recall = 51.4%). Overall, the acceleration vector magnitude, bout length variation, postural control, and gait rhythm were the most interesting characteristics for future analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Counterintuitively, the outcomes indicate that there is a weak relationship between typical gait measures and abnormal fatigue. However, factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted gait behaviours. Therefore, further investigations with a larger cohort are required to fully understand the relationship between gait and abnormal fatigue.
Topics: Humans; Feasibility Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Fatigue; Walking; Aged; Mental Fatigue; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Gait; Wearable Electronic Devices; Immune System Diseases; Adult; Accelerometry
PubMed: 38840208
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01390-1 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jul 2023How do collective events shape how we remember our lives? We leveraged advances in natural language processing as well as a rich, longitudinal assessment of 1,000...
How do collective events shape how we remember our lives? We leveraged advances in natural language processing as well as a rich, longitudinal assessment of 1,000 Americans throughout 2020 to examine how memory is influenced by two prominent factors: surprise and emotion. Autobiographical memory for 2020 displayed a unique signature: There was a substantial bump in March, aligning with pandemic onset and lockdowns, consistent across three memory collections 1 y apart. We further investigated how emotion, using both immediate and retrieved measures, predicted the amount and content of autobiographical memory: Negative affect increased recall across all measures, whereas its more clinical indices, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, selectively increased nonepisodic recall. Finally, in a separate cohort, we found pandemic news to be better remembered, surprising, and negative, while lockdowns compressed remembered time. Our work connects laboratory findings to the real world and delineates the effects of acute versus clinical signatures of negative emotion on memory.
Topics: Humans; Memory, Episodic; Emotions; Mental Recall; Natural Language Processing; Pandemics
PubMed: 37432994
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221919120 -
Acta Psychologica Nov 2023Fluent reading and writing rely on well-developed orthographic representations stored in memory. According to the self-teaching hypothesis (Share, D. L. (1995)....
Fluent reading and writing rely on well-developed orthographic representations stored in memory. According to the self-teaching hypothesis (Share, D. L. (1995). Phonological recoding and self-teaching: Sine qua non of reading acquisition. Cognition, 55(2), 151-218), children acquire orthographic representations through phonological decoding. However, it is not clear to what extent phonological decoding facilitates orthographic learning in adult readers. Across two experiments, we manipulated access to phonology during overt (aloud) and covert (silent) reading of monosyllabic and multisyllabic pseudowords by English-speaking undergraduate students. Additionally, Experiment 2 tested whether concurrent articulation during covert reading leads to poorer learning due to the suppression of subvocalization. The amount of incidental orthographic learning through reading exposure was measured a week later with a choice task, a spelling task, and a naming task. Overt reading, which leveraged phonological decoding, led to better recognition and recall of pseudowords compared to when readers read silently. Unlike in previous reports of child orthographic learning, concurrent articulation during covert reading did not reduce learning outcomes in adults, suggesting that adult readers may rely upon other processing strategies during covert reading, e.g., direct orthographic processing or lexicalized phonological decoding. This is consistent with claims that with increasing orthographic knowledge reading mechanisms shift from being more phonologically-based to more visually-based.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Learning; Mental Recall; Phonetics; Reading; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 37924575
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104061 -
Experimental Brain Research Dec 2023Previous work has shown that exposure to auditory white noise (WN) can improve cognitive performance in children with ADHD, but it is unknown whether this improvement...
Previous work has shown that exposure to auditory white noise (WN) can improve cognitive performance in children with ADHD, but it is unknown whether this improvement generalizes to other sensory modalities. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the effect of Stochastic Vestibular Stimulation (SVS) on cognitive performance and reaction time (RT) variability in two groups: children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC). Children with ADHD (N=42) and TDC (N=28) performed three cognitive tasks (Spanboard, Word Recall and N-back tasks) at two different occasions, with and without exposure to SVS, in a double blinded design. The results showed no main effects of SVS on neither performance nor RT variability for children in any of the groups, and no interactions between SVS and group. Based on these results we conclude that, using our stimulation protocol, the positive effects of WN exposure on cognition in children with ADHD do not generalize to Stochastic Vestibular Stimulation.
Topics: Humans; Child; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Reaction Time; Cognition; Mental Recall
PubMed: 37812230
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06713-7 -
ELife Nov 2023Working memory (WM) is one of the most affected cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is mainly studied by the previously established binary model for...
Working memory (WM) is one of the most affected cognitive domains in multiple sclerosis (MS), which is mainly studied by the previously established binary model for information storage (slot model). However, recent observations based on the continuous reproduction paradigms have shown that assuming dynamic allocation of WM resources (resource model) instead of the binary hypothesis will give more accurate predictions in WM assessment. Moreover, continuous reproduction paradigms allow for assessing the distribution of error in recalling information, providing new insights into the organization of the WM system. Hence, by utilizing two continuous reproduction paradigms, memory-guided localization (MGL) and analog recall task with sequential presentation, we investigated WM dysfunction in MS. Our results demonstrated an overall increase in recall error and decreased recall precision in MS. While sequential paradigms were better in distinguishing healthy control from relapsing-remitting MS, MGL were more accurate in discriminating MS subtypes (relapsing-remitting from secondary progressive), providing evidence about the underlying mechanisms of WM deficit in progressive states of the disease. Furthermore, computational modeling of the results from the sequential paradigm determined that imprecision in decoding information and swap error (mistakenly reporting the feature of other presented items) was responsible for WM dysfunction in MS. Overall, this study offered a sensitive measure for assessing WM deficit and provided new insight into the organization of the WM system in MS population.
Topics: Humans; Memory, Short-Term; Multiple Sclerosis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Memory Disorders; Cognition; Mental Recall
PubMed: 37937840
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.87442 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Depression is a major psychological disorder with a growing impact worldwide. Traditional methods for detecting the risk of depression, predominantly reliant on...
Depression is a major psychological disorder with a growing impact worldwide. Traditional methods for detecting the risk of depression, predominantly reliant on psychiatric evaluations and self-assessment questionnaires, are often criticized for their inefficiency and lack of objectivity. Advancements in deep learning have paved the way for innovations in depression risk detection methods that fuse multimodal data. This paper introduces a novel framework, the Audio, Video, and Text Fusion-Three Branch Network (AVTF-TBN), designed to amalgamate auditory, visual, and textual cues for a comprehensive analysis of depression risk. Our approach encompasses three dedicated branches-Audio Branch, Video Branch, and Text Branch-each responsible for extracting salient features from the corresponding modality. These features are subsequently fused through a multimodal fusion (MMF) module, yielding a robust feature vector that feeds into a predictive modeling layer. To further our research, we devised an emotion elicitation paradigm based on two distinct tasks-reading and interviewing-implemented to gather a rich, sensor-based depression risk detection dataset. The sensory equipment, such as cameras, captures subtle facial expressions and vocal characteristics essential for our analysis. The research thoroughly investigates the data generated by varying emotional stimuli and evaluates the contribution of different tasks to emotion evocation. During the experiment, the AVTF-TBN model has the best performance when the data from the two tasks are simultaneously used for detection, where the F1 Score is 0.78, Precision is 0.76, and Recall is 0.81. Our experimental results confirm the validity of the paradigm and demonstrate the efficacy of the AVTF-TBN model in detecting depression risk, showcasing the crucial role of sensor-based data in mental health detection.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Video Recording; Emotions; Deep Learning; Facial Expression; Female; Male; Adult; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 38931497
DOI: 10.3390/s24123714 -
Epilepsia Open Dec 2023To compare forgetting patterns between patients with temporal lobe (TLE) and generalized (GGE) epilepsies and to assess whether recall is associated with epileptic...
OBJECTIVE
To compare forgetting patterns between patients with temporal lobe (TLE) and generalized (GGE) epilepsies and to assess whether recall is associated with epileptic activity.
METHODS
Thirty-three patients with TLE (13 left, 17 right, and 3 nonlateralized TLE), 42 patients with GGE, and 57 healthy controls (HCs) were asked to recall words, verbal story material, and the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure at two delays. Accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) was defined by group performance comparable to HCs at 30 min and worse recall than HCs after 4 weeks. ALF was assessed by comparing raw test scores in a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) adjusted for the learning capacity.
RESULTS
Compared to HCs, patients with R-TLE remembered fewer items of the word list after 30 min as well as after 4 weeks. Patients with L-TLE and GGE had comparable learning-adjusted performance to HCs at the 30 min delay but scored less after 4 weeks (group by delay interaction F(3, 124) = 3.2, P = 0.026, = 0.07). The epilepsy group (patients with TLE and GGE combined) performed as well as HCs at 30 min but worse after 4 weeks irrespective of experienced seizures during the 4-week delay or interictal bilateral (TLE) or generalized (GGE) activity before the study. We noted no statistically significant differences between patient and HC verbal story (group by delay interaction F(3, 124) = 0.7, P = 0.570, = 0.02) or complex figure (F(3, 124) = 0.8, P = 0.488, = 0.02) recall.
SIGNIFICANCE
Our data support verbal and visual memory impairment in both TLE and GGE with different performances between these groups in the task of word recall. We suggest the presence of ALF in patients with GGE and left TLE after adjusting for learning capacity. We could not confirm the influence of epileptic activity on long-term forgetting patterns. Future studies are required to better define domain-specific differences in memory impairment in TLE and GGE.
Topics: Humans; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Memory; Temporal Lobe; Mental Recall; Memory Disorders; Epilepsy, Generalized; Epilepsy
PubMed: 37381720
DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12779 -
Irish Journal of Medical Science Aug 2023Informed consent plays a vital role in managing patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (KA). Unfortunately, patient recall of informed consent remains poor. Evidence has... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Informed consent plays a vital role in managing patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (KA). Unfortunately, patient recall of informed consent remains poor. Evidence has suggested that telemedicine and teleconsent can be safe, cost-effective, and well-received by patients. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an additional preoperative teleconsent session on patient recall of surgical risks 1 month after knee arthroplasty. The secondary aim was to assess its impact on patient satisfaction.
METHODS
Sixty adult patients awaiting knee arthroplasty were randomly allocated to receive an additional preoperative teleconsent consultation (intervention group) or not (control group), along with the standard informed consent on the day of surgery. Participants were contacted 1 month after surgery to assess recall of surgical risks and satisfaction with the process. Demographics and education levels were recorded for each patient.
RESULTS
The mean recall rates were 16% and 12% in the study and control groups, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.42). There was a significant difference between the mean satisfaction scores in the intervention group and the control group (9.8/10 vs 9/10, p = 0.0004). Lastly, there was a significant positive correlation between the education level and the number of risks recalled in the study (p = 0.05) and control groups (p = 0.04).
CONCLUSION
The additional preoperative teleconsent session had no significant effect on the risk recall rate but improved patient satisfaction. Our findings suggest education level may play a role in information recall. We can advocate for the increased use of teleconsent and telemedicine in patients undergoing KA or any elective orthopaedic procedure due to its perceived positive effects on patient satisfaction rates.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Mental Recall; Informed Consent; Patient Satisfaction; Orthopedic Procedures
PubMed: 36104548
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03158-9 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2023Limited research has been conducted on the experiences of individuals in long-term recovery from addiction, and addictions are usually studied in isolation. However, no...
Limited research has been conducted on the experiences of individuals in long-term recovery from addiction, and addictions are usually studied in isolation. However, no theories of addiction differentiate between addictions or assume that individuals will experience only one addiction. This study aimed to compare affect between individuals with addictions to drugs and alcohol and to explore how QoL changes in long-term recovery from addiction. Individuals in recovery from addiction ( = 115; 52.2% male) were recruited via snowball sampling on social media signposted by an addiction rehabilitation charity. Participants completed questionnaires about QoL (WHOQOL-Bref) and positive and negative affect (PANAS-X). The main primary addictions were drugs (76.5%) and alcohol (21.7%), with 69.7% reporting multiple addictions including food, sex, internet, and gambling. Affect and coping strategies did not differ by addiction. QoL appeared to improve with time in recovery. The high percentage of multiple addictions and greater similarities than differences between individuals with drug and alcohol addictions suggest that addictions should not be studied in isolation when studying psychological health during long-term recovery.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Quality of Life; Behavior, Addictive; Alcoholism; Surveys and Questionnaires; Mental Health; Gambling
PubMed: 37510607
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146375 -
Neuroscience Research Apr 2024How well do we distinguish between different memory sources when the information from imagination and perception is similar? And how do metacognitive (confidence)... (Review)
Review
How well do we distinguish between different memory sources when the information from imagination and perception is similar? And how do metacognitive (confidence) judgments differ across different sources of experiences? To study these questions, we developed a reality monitoring task using semantically related words from the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm of false memories. In an orientation phase, participants either perceived word pairs or had to voluntarily imagine the second word of a word pair. In a test phase, participants viewed words and had to judge whether the paired word was previously perceived, imagined, or new. Results revealed an interaction between memory source and judgment type on both response rates and confidence judgments: reality monitoring was better for new and perceived (compared to imagined) sources, and participants often incorrectly reported imagined experiences to be perceived. Individuals exhibited similar confidence between correct imagined source judgments and incorrect imagined sources reported to be perceived. Modeling results indicated that the observed judgments were likely due to an externalizing bias (i.e., a bias to judge the memory source as perceived). Additionally, we found that overall metacognitive ability was best in the perceived source. Together, these results reveal a source-dependent effect on response rates and confidence ratings, and provide evidence that observers are surprisingly prone to externalizing biases when monitoring their own memories.
Topics: Humans; Judgment; Memory; Imagination; Mental Recall
PubMed: 38007192
DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.11.007