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Food Science & Nutrition Oct 2023is rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols; contains bioactive compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins) and is primarily composed of volatile oils, amides,...
is rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols; contains bioactive compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins) and is primarily composed of volatile oils, amides, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignan, and coumarin. The antibacterial, antifungal, biofilm inhibition, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of , , and ethanol and methanol extracts at different concentrations (30%, 50%, and 80%) were determined. The antioxidant activity and content were measured as free radical scavenging assay (DPPH), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC). Furthermore, hemolytic and thrombolytic analysis was carried out to determine toxicity. In antimicrobial assays, 80% methanol thyme extract showed highest (15.31 mm) antibacterial activity against , and 80% ethanol green tea extract showed optimal antibacterial activity against . Ethanol 30% green tea extract resulted in highest (26.61 mm) antifungal activity against . The maximum (54.73%) biofilm inhibition was resulted by methanol 50% thyme extract for . In antioxidant activity and content, methanol 50% green tea extract had highest (80.82%) antioxidant activity, whereas, ethanol 80% green tea extract had maximum (1474.55 mg CE/g DW) TFC and methanol 80% green tea extract had maximum (593.05 mg GAE/g) TPC. In toxicological assays, methanol 30% green tea extract had highest (25.28%) thrombolytic activity, and ethanol 80% tejphal extract had maximum (18.24%) hemolytic activity. This study has highlighted the significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of , , and extracts that could be beneficial to treat various diseases (cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases) and may be utilized as functional ingredient in the preparation of functional foods and drinks.
PubMed: 37823136
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3569 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Mar 2024Methanol-poisoning can be a challenging cause of mortality. Identifying the epidemiological, clinical, and para-clinical determinants of outcome in methanol-poisoning...
BACKGROUND
Methanol-poisoning can be a challenging cause of mortality. Identifying the epidemiological, clinical, and para-clinical determinants of outcome in methanol-poisoning patients could be a step forward to its management.
METHODS
In this hospital-based cohort study, 123 methanol-poisoning patients were included. Data on background variables, details of methanol consumption, and laboratory assessments were recorded for each patient. Patients underwent brain CT scans without contrast. We evaluated the association of all gathered clinical and para-clinical data with patients' outcome and length of hospital stay (LOS). Independent association of potential determinants of death, and LOS were modeled applying multivariable logistic, and Ordinary Least Square regressions, respectively. Odds ratio (OR), and regression coefficient (RC), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated.
RESULTS
Most of the study population were male (n=107/123). The mean age of the participants was 30.3±9.1 years. Ninety patients (73.2%) were reported as being conscious on admission, and 34.3% of patients were identified with at least one abnormality in their CT scan. Level of consciousness (LOC) (OR: 42.2; 95% CI: 2.35-756.50), and blood pH (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.22-0.65) were associated with death. Supratentorial edema (RC: 17.55; 95% CI: 16.95-18.16) were associated with LOS.
CONCLUSION
Besides LOC, patients with any abnormality in their brain CT scan on admission were found to be at higher risk of death, and patients with supratentorial edema were at risk of longer LOS. Brain CT-scan on admission should be considered as a part of the routine procedure during the management of methanol-poisoning.
Topics: Humans; Male; Methanol; Female; Adult; Prognosis; Length of Stay; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult; Poisoning; Iran; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Cohort Studies; Brain
PubMed: 38685837
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.20 -
Journal of Experimental Pharmacology 2024Wiens and Polhill (Loranthaceae) is a parasitic plant native to north eastern Africa and Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, it is traditionally used to treat breast swelling,...
BACKGROUND
Wiens and Polhill (Loranthaceae) is a parasitic plant native to north eastern Africa and Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, it is traditionally used to treat breast swelling, mastitis, morning illnesses and vomiting.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to screen the main phytochemical constituents; determine the total amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins; and evaluate the antimicrobial (against and ) and antioxidant (against DPPH radical and ferric ion) activities of leaves extracts.
METHODS
Powdered leaves were macerated using -hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and methanol. All crude extracts were qualitatively screened for phytochemical identification. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and condensed tannin contents of the chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The -hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the aforementioned microbes using agar disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution techniques. Chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts were also evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH and ferric ion reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.
RESULTS
Methanol (17.56 ± 16%) and ethanol (16.45 ± 19%) showed better extraction efficiency. Flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and sterols were detected in all extracts. The highest total content of phenolics (22.63 ± 0.69 mgGAE/gDCE), flavonoids (5.38 ± 0.52 mgCE/gDCE) and tannins (39.18 ± 38 mg CE/g DCE), as milligram of gallic acid and catechin per gram of dried crude extract, were recorded in the methanolic extract. The methanolic extract also presented best anti -DPPH strength (IC, 4.31 μg/mL) and ferric ion reduction power (absorbance of 0.71) though found weak compared to the ascorbic acid (IC of 0.49 μg/mL and absorbance of 0.93, respectively).
CONCLUSION
All evaluated extracts displayed antifungal activity against both and strains (minimum inhibitory concentration values of 12.5-25 mg/mL), whereas they were found to have negligible activity against all tested bacterial strains. This report provides preliminary information for further phytochemical investigation of to isolate potential antioxidant and antifungal compounds.
PubMed: 38371428
DOI: 10.2147/JEP.S452098 -
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical... 2023The available drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis are highly toxic and extremely expensive, with low efficiency; therefore, the development of effective therapeutic...
In vitro Evaluation of the Potent Antileishmanial Activity of Alone or in Combination with Shark Cartilage Extract Against the Standard Iranian Strain of (MRHO/IR/75/ER).
BACKGROUND
The available drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis are highly toxic and extremely expensive, with low efficiency; therefore, the development of effective therapeutic compounds is essential.
OBJECTIVES
The present study aimed to explore the antileishmanial effects of ethyl acetate extract, methanol extract, and fractions 1-4 (F1-F4) of , alone or in combination with shark cartilage extract (ShCE), on in vitro.
METHODS
In this study, ethyl acetate, methanol, and n-hexane extracts were extracted from the aerial roots of by the maceration method. The silica gel column chromatography was used to separate n-hexane extracts at varying polarities (F1-F4 fractions). Subsequently, the effects of extracts and fractions against promastigotes were assessed by the parasite counting method microscopic inhibition test and MTT assay. Besides, their effects on the infected macrophage cells and the number of amastigotes were investigated. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in non-infected J774A.1 macrophage cells. Finally, apoptosis induction of promastigotes, including infected and non-infected macrophages, was evaluated.
RESULTS
The results indicated the highly potent activity of extracts and F1-F4 fractions, alone or in combination with ShCE, against promastigotes and amastigotes in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The F1 fraction and methanol extract showed markedly higher toxicity compared to the other extracts and fractions, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50/72h) of 2.4 ± 0.29 and 2.9 ± 0.55 µg/mL against promastigotes and 1.79 ± 0.27 µg/mL and 1.39 ± 0.27 µg/mL against amastigotes (P < 0.001). Moreover, they had a high selectivity index (SI) due to the low toxicity of macrophages (P < 0.0001). The results of flow cytometry indicated that the percentages of apoptotic promastigote cells in contact with IC50 concentrations of F1 and methanol extract alone after 72 h were 43.83 and 43.93%, as well as 78.4%, and 65.45% for their combination with ShCE, respectively.Also, apoptosis of infected macrophages induced by F1 and methanol extracts was estimated at 68.5% and 83.7%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the F1 fraction and methanol extract of showed potent efficacy against , associated with low toxicity and apoptosis induction. Therefore, they can be promising therapeutic candidates in future animal and even human studies.
PubMed: 38116562
DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-136173 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2023Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by that infects humans and many types of mammals and birds.
BACKGROUND
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by that infects humans and many types of mammals and birds.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and (Pd) extracts loaded on SeNPs as a new agent to combat chronic infections in murine model as an alternative method to standard Spiramycin drug therapy.
METHODS
A total of 64 female mice were randomly divided into eight groups: GI: Normal control, GII: Positive control, GIII: infected and treated with Spiramycin, GIV: infected and treated with SeNPs, GV: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd, GVI: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd, GVII: infected and treated with aqueous extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs, GVIII: infected and treated with methanolic extract of Pd loaded on SeNPs. Date palm () fruits were identified and collected from the farms of Saudi Arabia. Preparation and characterization of SeNPs were done. The parasitological, histopathological examinations and biochemical changes were evaluated in all groups.
RESULTS
Parasitological results showed significant differences in GVII in comparison to GII while GVIII showed significant differences in comparison to GII and GIII. The histopathological section of the cerebral cortex showed obvious alterations in the infected compared with untreated control groups. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of loaded on SeNPs treatment showed improvement that indicated by few perivascular cuffing with few inflammatory cell infiltrations. Few granule cells with mild intracellular vacuolation and edema few deformed neurons with deep pyknotic nuclei. Microglia cells expression of Iba-1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ) in serum of all groups was higher in GII and lowest in GVIII followed by GVII.
CONCLUSION
SeNPs and extracts loaded on SeNPs could be a potent agent to combat infections.
PubMed: 38144223
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S443047 -
Scientifica 2023is a bacterium that causes metal deterioration by forming biofilms on metal surfaces. This work was carried out to analyze the antibacterial activity and the phenolic...
is a bacterium that causes metal deterioration by forming biofilms on metal surfaces. This work was carried out to analyze the antibacterial activity and the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the leaf extract against . leaves were extracted in a methanol solution at different concentrations. The leaf extract yields were 12.84%, 18.96%, and 19.64% for the 100%, 75%, and 50% methanol ratios, respectively. Extracts of leaves had a minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) of approximately 6144 g/mL against for a ratio of 100% methanol. In addition, no antibacterial activity was found for the 75% and 50% methanol ratios. The total phenolic levels were 16.26%, 12.73%, and 12.33% for the 100%, 75%, and 50% methanol solvent ratios, respectively. The total amounts of flavonoids were 23.32%, 3.40%, and 0.64% for the 100%, 75%, and 50% methanol solvents, respectively. The chemical structure of consists of kaemferol-3-O-rutinoside, quercimeritrin, kaempferol-3-O--D-glucopyranoside, stearidonic acid, trichosanic acid, pyrophaeophorbide A, and stigmastan-3,6-dione. The concentration of the solvent is essential in the extraction of plant constituents. Different concentrations indicate differences in antibacterial activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents, and chemical structure.
PubMed: 37811131
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5782063 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... May 2024Recombinant protein production technology is widely applied to the manufacture of biologics used as drug substances and industrial proteins such as recombinant enzymes... (Review)
Review
Recombinant protein production technology is widely applied to the manufacture of biologics used as drug substances and industrial proteins such as recombinant enzymes and bioactive proteins. Various heterologous protein production systems have been developed using prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. Especially methylotrophic yeast in eukaryotic hosts is suggested to be particularly valuable because such systems have the following advantages: protein secretion into culture broth, eukaryotic quality control systems, a post-translational modification system, rapid growth, and established recombinant DNA tools and technologies such as strong promoters, effective selection markers, and gene knock-in and -out systems. Many methylotrophic yeasts such as the genera Candida, Ogataea, and Komagataella have been studied since methylotrophic yeast was first isolated in 1969. The methanol-consumption-related genes in methylotrophic yeast are strongly and strictly regulated under methanol-containing conditions. The well-regulated gene expression systems under the methanol-inducible gene promoter lead to the potential application of heterologous protein production in methylotrophic yeast. In this review, we describe the recent progress of heterologous protein production technology in methylotrophic yeast and introduce Ogataea minuta as an alternative production host as a substitute for K. phaffii and O. polymorpha.
Topics: Recombinant Proteins; Methanol; Saccharomycetales; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
PubMed: 38730212
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04008-9 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Jul 2023BACKGROUND ThinPrep Cytolyt is a methanol-based cell preservation solution frequently used to fix tissue samples immediately following endobronchial ultrasound-guided...
BACKGROUND ThinPrep Cytolyt is a methanol-based cell preservation solution frequently used to fix tissue samples immediately following endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Currently, no published reports describe an iatrogenic exposure to Cytolyt. We report the only known case of an accidental intraoperative administration of a methanol solution, with corresponding plasma concentrations, and successful treatment with fomepizole. CASE REPORT A 70-year-old woman with a history of stage IIIA rectal adenocarcinoma was referred for evaluation of a newly identified lung mass. During the procedure, a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of the right upper lobe was performed. After BAL, the proceduralist was informed that the syringe used to instill fluid for the BAL contained Cytolyt rather than saline. The Department of Medical Toxicology was contacted immediately, and the patient received a 15 mg/kg dose of fomepizole. The first plasma methanol level, before fomepizole administration, was elevated to 21 mg/dL. The methanol level was 13 mg/dL 3 h after fomepizole treatment and even lower thereafter; therefore, no additional fomepizole was required. The patient did not develop signs of systemic toxicity and was discharged on hospital day 3. CONCLUSIONS Following methanol exposures, patients can exhibit metabolic acidosis, with potential for blindness, hemodynamic instability, and possibly death if untreated. Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole) inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is a mainstay of treatment. Preventing medical errors is key in ensuring optimal patient care and decreasing adverse events. Providers using CytoLyt and any similar products should be aware of this potential error and approach the possibility of methanol toxicity as they would other routes of methanol exposure.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Fomepizole; Methanol; Antidotes; Pyrazoles; Dimercaprol; Iatrogenic Disease
PubMed: 37461205
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.937247 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Rutabaga, also known as swede and scientifically classified as , is a biennial edible root vegetable that belongs to the genus and is widely cultivated in North Europe...
Rutabaga, also known as swede and scientifically classified as , is a biennial edible root vegetable that belongs to the genus and is widely cultivated in North Europe and North America. The present study highlights both the phytochemical profile and the in vitro biological properties of rutabaga seed extracts obtained through maceration using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, cyclohexane (CYHA), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH), and water (HO). HPLC-DAD was used to identify and quantify phenolic compounds, while volatile compounds were detected using GC-MS. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the rutabaga seed extracts was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) enzyme) was determined spectrophotometrically at the same concentration. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the seed extracts was evaluated against human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) using the MTT assay. The rutabaga seed extracts obtained from EtOAc, MeOH, and HO were particularly rich in reducing sugars, ranging from 189.87 to 473.75 mg/g DW. The MeOH extract displayed the highest concentration of both sugars and polyphenols. Phytochemically, the HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of four phenolic compounds in the tested extracts, including (±) synephrine, gallic acid, -coumaric acid, and -ferulic acid, newly discovered in rutabaga organs. Moreover, a total of ten volatile compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis, both before and after derivatization. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, the methanol extract exhibited high antioxidant activity with 52.95% inhibition, while CYHA, DCM, and EtOAc exhibited moderate anti-15-LOX activity with less than 30% inhibition. Except for DCM and aqueous extracts, rutabaga seeds did not exhibit any anti-proliferative potential against Caco-2 cell lines. Interestingly, no cytotoxicity was registered for any of the seed extracts against the normal cell line HEK-293. Overall, the obtained data highlight the potential utilization of rutabaga seeds as a source of bioactive compounds in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods.
Topics: Humans; Brassica napus; Brassica; Adenocarcinoma; Caco-2 Cells; HEK293 Cells; Methanol; Colonic Neoplasms; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37687079
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176250 -
ACS Applied Energy Materials Aug 2023LaSrCoO (LSC) perovskite, as a potential catalyst precursor for hydrogen (H)-rich production by steam reforming of methanol (SRM) and oxidative steam reforming of...
LaSrCoO (LSC) perovskite, as a potential catalyst precursor for hydrogen (H)-rich production by steam reforming of methanol (SRM) and oxidative steam reforming of methanol (OSRM), was investigated. For this purpose, LSC was synthesized by the citrate sol-gel method and characterized by complementary analytical techniques. The catalytic activity was studied for the as-prepared and prereduced LSC and compared with the undoped LaCoO (LCO) at several feed gas compositions. Furthermore, the degradation and regeneration of LSC under repeated redox cycles were studied. The results evidenced that the increase in the water/methanol ratio under SRM, and the O addition under OSRM, increased the CO formation and decreased both the H selectivity and catalyst deactivation caused by carbon deposition. Methanol conversion of the prereduced LSC was significantly enhanced at a lower temperature than that of as-prepared LSC and undoped LCO. This was attributed to the performance of metallic cobalt nanoparticles highly dispersed under reducing atmospheres. The reoxidation program in repetitive redox cycles played a crucial role in the regeneration of catalysts, which could be regenerated to the initial perovskite structure under a specific thermal treatment, minimizing the degradation of the catalytic activity and surface.
PubMed: 37592929
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00778