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Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability around the globe. Osteoarthritis is mainly considered a disease affecting the elderly. However, more... (Review)
Review
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability around the globe. Osteoarthritis is mainly considered a disease affecting the elderly. However, more and more studies show that sports overuse, obesity, or congenital disorders can initiate a pathologic cascade that leads to OA changes in the younger population. Nevertheless, OA mostly affects the elderly, and with increasing life expectancy, the disease will develop in more and more individuals. To date, the golden standard in the treatment of the end-stage of the disease is total joint replacement (TJR), which restores painless knee motion and function. One of the weakest elements in TJR is its bonding with the bone, which can be achieved by bonding material, such as poly methyl-methacrylate (PMMA), or by cementless fixation supported by bone ingrowth onto the endoprosthesis surface. Each technique has its advantages; however, the most important factor is the revision rate and survivor time. In the past, numerous articles were published regarding TJR revision rate, but no consensus has been established yet. In this review, we focused on a comparison of cemented and cementless total knee replacement surgeries. We introduced PICO rules, including population, intervention, comparison and outcomes of TJR in a PubMed search. We identified 783 articles published between 2010 and 2023, out of which we included 14 in our review. Our review reveals that there is no universally prescribed approach to fixate knee prostheses. The determination of the most suitable method necessitates an individualized decision-making process involving the active participation and informed consent of each patient.
PubMed: 38473607
DOI: 10.3390/ma17051136 -
PeerJ 2023The study's objective is to assess the adherence of in different types of denture polymers and the effectiveness of eugenol and commercialized denture cleansers in the...
BACKGROUND
The study's objective is to assess the adherence of in different types of denture polymers and the effectiveness of eugenol and commercialized denture cleansers in the removal of . Three types of denture base polymers (Lucitone 199 (High-Impact PMMA), Impact (conventional PMMA) and Eclipse (UDMA)) and two hard denture reline materials (Kooliner and Tokuyama Rebase II Fast) were used in this study.
METHODS
Three hundred samples were prepared (6 × 2 mm disc shape) and divided into five groups of denture polymers ( = 60) and further subjected into five treatment groups (Polident, Steradent, distilled water, eugenol 5-minutes, and eugenol 10-min). Three samples were extracted from each treatment group for baseline data ( = 12). Baseline data were used to calculate the initial number of adherence. A 0.5 ml immersion solution from each specimen was cultured on YPD agar and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. Visible colonies were counted using a colony counter machine (ROCKER Galaxy 230).
RESULTS
The result showed that the denture base polymer significantly affected the initial adherence ( = 0.007). The removal of was also considerably affected by the denture base polymers and denture cleansers ( < 0.05). Lucitone, Tokuyama, and Kooliner denture base polymers immersed for 3 min in eugenol showed the best results of removal.
DISCUSSION
This study's overall results showed that all denture polymers used as denture bases had an effect on initial adherence and removal from the denture base, and eugenol is comparable to commercialised denture cleansers in reducing the number of attached on denture base polymers.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candida albicans; Denture Cleansers; Eugenol; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Polymers; Dentures
PubMed: 37601266
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15750 -
BMC Ophthalmology Mar 2024To measure the dislocation forces in relation to haptic material, flange size and needle used.
PURPOSE
To measure the dislocation forces in relation to haptic material, flange size and needle used.
SETTING
Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
DESIGN
Laboratory Investigation.
METHODS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
30 G (gauge) thin wall and 27 G standard needles were used for a 2 mm tangential scleral tunnel in combination with different PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate haptics). Flanges were created by heating 1 mm of the haptic end, non-forceps assisted in PVDF and forceps assisted in PMMA haptics. The dislocation force was measured in non-preserved cadaver sclera using a tensiometer device.
RESULTS
PVDF flanges achieved were of a mushroom-like shape and PMMA flanges were of a conic shape. For 30 G needle tunnels the dislocation forces for PVDF and PMMA haptic flanges were 1.58 ± 0.68 N (n = 10) and 0.70 ± 0.14 N (n = 9) (p = 0.003) respectively. For 27 G needle tunnels the dislocation forces for PVDF and PMMA haptic flanges were 0.31 ± 0.35 N (n = 3) and 0.0 N (n = 4), respectively. The flange size correlated with the occurring dislocation force in experiments with 30 G needle tunnels (r = 0.92), when flanges were bigger than 384 micrometres.
CONCLUSIONS
The highest dislocation forces were found for PVDF haptic flanges and their characteristic mushroom-like shape for 30 G thin wall needle scleral tunnels. Forceps assisted flange creation in PMMA haptics did not compensate the disadvantage of PMMA haptics with their characteristic conic shape flange.
Topics: Humans; Haptic Technology; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Sclera; Lenses, Intraocular; Fluorocarbon Polymers; Polyvinyls
PubMed: 38443841
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03369-x -
Head & Face Medicine Aug 2023The aim of this study was to establish a sheep model of the Puricelli biconvex arthroplasty (ABiP) technique in sheep for evaluating its functional, biological and...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to establish a sheep model of the Puricelli biconvex arthroplasty (ABiP) technique in sheep for evaluating its functional, biological and histological parameters.
METHODS
Ten Corriedale black sheep were submitted to TMJ total reconstruction with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using ABiP and euthanized after 45 (n = 5) or 90 (n = 5) days. Control animals (n = 2) underwent sham operations and were euthanized after 45 days. Variables were assessed before the surgery (T0), immediately after (T1) and at 45 or 90 postoperative days (T2).
RESULTS
Histological analyses showed regression of inflammatory cells over the follow-up period. PMMA showed reduced porosity and roughness in the articular contact area. PMMA temporal components showed linear and volumetric wear in comparison to control, but no foreign body reaction was observed. The reconstructions were stable in all animals. The amplitude of mouth opening and left lateral movements were maintained, except for a reduction in the range of right lateral movements at day 90 in the experimental group. Clinical, macroscopic and radiographic observations showed that the reconstructions were stable.
CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of functional, biological and histological parameters in sheep submitted to ABiP showed stable results of the procedure, with maintenance of body weight and all mandibular movements, save contralateral mandibular movement, suggesting that joint function was completely maintained following the procedure. This experimental study provides support for clinical results previously reported of the ABiP technique in TMJ reconstruction procedures.
Topics: Animals; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Tooth Ankylosis; Arthroplasty; Mandible; Temporomandibular Joint; Range of Motion, Articular; Mandibular Condyle
PubMed: 37528466
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-023-00379-w -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023Cranial defects pose significant challenges in low and middle-income countries (LIMCs), necessitating innovative and cost-effective craniofacial reconstruction... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Cranial defects pose significant challenges in low and middle-income countries (LIMCs), necessitating innovative and cost-effective craniofacial reconstruction strategies. The purpose of this study was to present the Bosnia and Herzegovina model, showcasing the potential of a multidisciplinary team and 3D-based technologies, particularly PMMA implants, to address cranial defects in a resource-limited setting. An observational, non-experimental prospective investigation involved three cases of cranioplasty at the Department of Neurosurgery, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 2019 and 2023. The technical process included 3D imaging and modeling with MIMICS software (version 10.01), 3D printing of the prototype, mold construction and intraoperative modification for precise implant fitting. The Bosnia and Herzegovina model demonstrated successful outcomes in cranioplasty, with PMMA implants proving cost-effective and efficient in addressing cranial defects. Intraoperative modification contributed to reduced costs and potential complications, while the multidisciplinary approach and 3D-based technologies facilitated accurate reconstruction. The Bosnia and Herzegovina model showcases a cost-effective and efficient approach for craniofacial reconstruction in LIMICs. Collaborative efforts, 3D-based technologies, and PMMA implants contribute to successful outcomes. Further research is needed to validate sustained benefits and enhance craniofacial reconstruction strategies in resource-constrained settings.
Topics: Humans; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Developing Countries; Prospective Studies; Printing, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 37893450
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101732 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Nov 2023Structured-light and computed tomography industrial scanners have been used as reference scanners to measure marginal gaps between implants and superstructures. However,...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Structured-light and computed tomography industrial scanners have been used as reference scanners to measure marginal gaps between implants and superstructures. However, the effect of framework material on the scanners' ability to detect gaps and on precision has not yet been evaluated.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the interaction between the industrial scanner and framework material on measured marginal gaps of implant-supported fixed complete arch frameworks made from titanium and polymethylmethacrylate and on the precision of scans.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A completely edentulous maxillary model with 4 implants and multiunit abutments at the first molar and canine sites was digitized by using a laboratory scanner. Implant-supported frameworks were milled from titanium and polymethylmethacrylate (n=5). Each framework was secured on the left molar site abutment. The marginal gaps between the frameworks and abutment sites without a screw were measured by using an industrial structured-light scanner and an industrial computed tomography scanner. The effect of the scanner, the framework material, and their interaction on measured gaps was analyzed by applying linear regressions and weighted least square methods. The F-statistics was used with Bonferroni corrections for precision analysis (α=.05).
RESULTS
No significant effect of scanner, material, or their interaction was found on the marginal gaps at the canine sites. The titanium framework gaps detected by using the computed tomography scanner were greater than those detected by using the structured-light scanner at the right molar site (estimated difference in means=0.054 mm; P=.003) and overall (estimated difference in means=0.023 mm; P=.033). The structured-light scanner's precision was higher than that of the computed tomography scanner when titanium frameworks were scanned (P=.001). The computed tomography scanner's precision was higher when scanning polymethylmethacrylate frameworks than when scanning titanium frameworks (P=.03).
CONCLUSIONS
Framework material and industrial scanner interaction affected the measured gaps. The computed tomography scanner detected greater marginal gaps with low precision when scanning titanium frameworks than the structured-light scanner. The sample size, the use of only 2 types of materials, and a laboratory scanner to obtain the computer-aided design file should be considered when interpreting the results.
Topics: Polymethyl Methacrylate; Titanium; Dental Implants; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported
PubMed: 34998580
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.10.013 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023Attenuated total reflection-Mid-Fourier transform-infrared (ATR-Mid-FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied for the...
Attenuated total reflection-Mid-Fourier transform-infrared (ATR-Mid-FT-IR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied for the discrimination of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of kaempferol with different types of Eudragit (L100, L100-55, EPO). The ASD samples were prepared by ball milling. Training and test sets for PCA consisted of a pure compound, physical mixture, and incomplete/complete amorphous solid dispersion. The obtained results confirmed that the range 400-1700 cm was the major contributor to the variance described by PC1 and PC2, which are the fingerprint region. The obtained PCA model selected fully amorphous samples as follows: five for KMP-EL100, two for KMP-EL100-55, and six for KMP-EPO (which was confirmed by the XRPD analysis). DSC analysis confirmed full miscibility of all ASDs (one glass transition temperature). FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the -OH and/or -CH groups of KMP and the C=O group of Eudragits. Amorphization improved the solubility of kaempferol in pH 6.8, pH 5.5, and HCl 0.1 N.
Topics: Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Kaempferols; Solubility; Polymethacrylic Acids; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
PubMed: 38138984
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417155 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Polymer nanoparticles continue to be of high interest in life science applications. Still, adsorption processes occurring in protein-containing media and their...
Polymer nanoparticles continue to be of high interest in life science applications. Still, adsorption processes occurring in protein-containing media and their implications for biological responses are not generally predictable. Here, the effect of nanoparticle composition on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibronectin (FN) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) as structurally and functionally different model proteins was explored by systematically altering the composition of poly(methyl methacrylate--styrene) nanoparticles with sizes in a range of about 550 nm. As determined by protein depletion from the suspension medium via a colorimetric assay, BSA and IgG adsorbed at similar quantities, while FN reached larger masses of adsorbed protein (up to 0.4 ± 0.06 µg·cm BSA, 0.42 ± 0.09 µg·cm IgG, 0.72 ± 0.04 µg·cm FN). A higher content of styrene as the more hydrophobic polymer component enhanced protein binding, which suggests a contribution of hydrophobic interactions despite the particles exhibiting strongly negatively charged surfaces with zeta potentials of -44 to -52 mV. The quantities of adsorbed proteins were estimated to correspond to a confluent surface coverage. Overall, this study illustrated how protein binding can be controlled by systematically varying the nanoparticle bulk composition and may serve as a basis for establishing interfaces with a targeted level of protein retention and/or presentation.
Topics: Styrene; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Nanoparticles; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Immunoglobulin G; Methacrylates; Adsorption; Surface Properties
PubMed: 38003579
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216390 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jul 2023We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photoreactive 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilm formation on polymethyl...
PURPOSE
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photoreactive 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilm formation on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and assess its mechanism and need for re-application by evaluating its interaction with salivary mucin and durability during temperature changes.
METHODS
PMMA discs were used as specimens. The MPC coating was applied using the spray and cure technique for the treatment groups, whereas no coating was applied to the control. The MPC treatment (MT) groups were further differentiated based on the number of thermal cycles involved (0, 1000, 2500, and 5000). The optical density was measured to assess mucin adsorption (MA). Contact angle (CA) was calculated to evaluate surface hydrophilicity. The presence of MPC components on the PMMA surface was assessed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). C. albicans biofilms were evaluated qualitatively (scanning electron microscope images) and quantitatively (colony-forming units (CFUs)). Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test.
RESULTS
MA rate and CA increased significantly in the MT groups, which exhibited significantly fewer CFUs and thinner biofilms than those of the control group. Based on the XPS, MA, and CFU evaluations, the durability and efficacy of the MPC coating were considered stable up to 2500 thermal cycles. Additionally, a significant interaction was observed between mucin concentration and MPC efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
The photoreactive MPC coating, which was resistant to temperature changes for approximately 3 months, effectively prevented C. albicans biofilm formation by modifying surface hydrophilicity and increasing mucin adsorption.
Topics: Candida albicans; Acrylic Resins; Polymers; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Surface Properties; Biofilms; Mucins
PubMed: 36288959
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_22_00102 -
Water Research May 2024Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a crucial role in the collection and redistribution of plastic particles from both households and industries,...
Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a crucial role in the collection and redistribution of plastic particles from both households and industries, contributing to their presence in the environment. Previous studies investigating the levels of plastics in WWTPs, and their removal rates have primarily focused on polymer type, size, shape, colour, and particle count, while comprehensive understanding of the mass concentration of plastic particles, particularly those <1 µm (nanoplastics), remains unclear and lacking. In this study, pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to simultaneously determine the mass concentration of nine selected polymers (i.e., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), nylon 6, nylon 66, polyvinylchloride (PVC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC)) below 1 µm in size across the treatment processes or stages of three WWTPs in Australia. All the targeted nanoplastics were detected at concentrations between 0.04 and 7.3 µg/L. Nylon 66 (0.2-7.3 µg/L), PE (0.1-6.6 µg/L), PP (0.1-4.5 µg/L), Nylon 6 (0.1-3.6 µg/L) and PET (0.1-2.2 µg/L), were the predominant polymers in the samples. The mass concentration of the total nanoplastics decreased from 27.7, 18 and 9.1 µg/L in the influent to 1, 1.4 and 0.8 µg/L in the effluent, with approximate removal rates of 96 %, 92 % and 91 % in plants A, B and C, respectively. Based on annual wastewater effluent discharge, it is estimated that approximately 24, 2 and 0.7 kg of nanoplastics are released into the environment per year for WWTPs A, B and C, respectively. This study investigated the mass concentrations and removal rates of nanoplastics with a size range of 0.01-1 µm in wastewater, providing important insight into the pollution levels and distribution patterns of nanoplastics in Australian WWTPs.
Topics: Wastewater; Microplastics; Nylons; Pyrolysis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Australia; Plastics; Polypropylenes; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Polyethylenes; Water Purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring; Caprolactam; Polymers
PubMed: 38461599
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121397