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Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts. A literature search of Scopus,... (Review)
Review
The aim of this work was to provide an overview of available information on the antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts. A literature search of Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and June 2023 was undertaken. A total of 23 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Significant variation of antimicrobial activity depending on the tested species and strains, type of extract solvent, or plant organs utilized for the extract preparation was found. extracts were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed antimycotic effects against the fungi of and and the dermatophytes spp. Greater susceptibility of Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria to fireweed extracts was found. A strong antibacterial effect was recorded for , , , , , , and including multi-drug resistant strains. extract might find practical application as an antimicrobial in wound healing, components of cosmetic products for human and animals, or as food preservatives.
PubMed: 37895890
DOI: 10.3390/ph16101419 -
Rhode Island Medical Journal (2013) Feb 2024Peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), can be caused by opportunistic pathogens like Micrococcus species on rare occasions. We present a case...
Peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), can be caused by opportunistic pathogens like Micrococcus species on rare occasions. We present a case of Micrococcus sp peritonitis in a 55-year-old female with end-stage kidney disease on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis for one year who presented with cloudy effluent. Initial treatment against Micrococcus sp with vancomycin, gentamicin, and prophylactic oral nystatin was successful. However, one month later, the patient presented with abdominal pain and dialysate culture again grew Micrococcus sp. Treatment with vancomycin was unsuccessful in resolving culture positivity. The patient was transitioned to hemodialysis for non-medical reasons and then was later restarted on PD without further peritonitis episodes. Micrococcus sp peritonitis in PD poses treatment challenges due to limited guidelines. Intraperitoneal vancomycin is commonly used to target Micrococcus isolates although there is a high incidence of treatment failure. This case report highlights the need for continued reporting to enhance identification, prevention, and patient outcomes in Micrococcus sp peritonitis during PD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Vancomycin; Micrococcus; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritonitis; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38285745
DOI: No ID Found -
Chemical Science Nov 2023Lasso peptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that feature an isopeptide bond and a distinct lariat fold. A...
Lasso peptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that feature an isopeptide bond and a distinct lariat fold. A growing number of secondary modifications have been described that further decorate lasso peptide scaffolds. Using genome mining, we have discovered a pair of lasso peptide biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that include cytochrome P450 genes. Using mass spectrometry, stable isotope incorporation, and extensive 2D-NMR spectrometry, we report the structural characterization of two unique examples of (C-N) biaryl-linked lasso peptides. Nocapeptin A, from , is tailored with a Trp-Tyr crosslink, while longipepetin A, from , features a Trp-Trp linkage. Besides the unusual bicyclic frame, a Met of longipepetin A undergoes -methylation to yield a trivalent sulfonium, a heretofore unprecedented RiPP modification. A bioinformatic survey revealed additional lasso peptide BGCs containing P450 enzymes which await future characterization. Lastly, nocapeptin A bioactivity was assessed against a panel of human and bacterial cell lines with modest growth-suppression activity detected towards .
PubMed: 38023510
DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02380j -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2023Fermented fish and fermented fish-based products are part of the diet of many countries all over the world. Their popularity is not only due to the unique flavor, the... (Review)
Review
Fermented fish and fermented fish-based products are part of the diet of many countries all over the world. Their popularity is not only due to the unique flavor, the distinct texture, and the good nutritional quality, but also to the easiness of the production process, that is commonly based on empirical traditional methods. Fish fermentation techniques ususally rely on the combination of some key steps, including salting, addition of spices or additives, and maintenance of anaerobic conditions, thus selecting for the multiplication of some pro-technological microorganisms. The objective of the present review was to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the microbial communities occurring in fermented fish and fish-based products. Specific information was collected from scientific publications published from 2000 to 2022 with the aim of generating a comprehensive database. The production of fermented fish and fish-based foods was mostly localized in West African countries, Northern European countries, and Southeast Asian countries. Based on the available literature, the microbial composition of fermented fish and fish-based products was delineated by using viable counting combined with identification of isolates, and culture-independent techniques. The data obtained from viable counting highlighted the occurrence of microbial groups usually associated with food fermentation, namely lactic acid bacteria, staphylococci, Bacillus spp., and yeasts. The identification of isolates combined with culture-independent methods showed that the fermentative process of fish-based products was generally guided by lactobacilli (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Latilactobacillus sakei, and Latilactobacillus curvatus) or Tetragenococcus spp. depending on the salt concentration. Among lactic acid bacteria populations, Lactococcus spp., Pediococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp., Weissella spp., Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Vagococcus spp. were frequently identified. Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. confirmed a great adaptation to fermented fish-based products. Other noteworthy bacterial taxa included Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Psychrobacter spp., Halanaerobium spp., and Halomonas spp. Among human pathogenic bacteria, the occurrence of Clostridium spp. and Vibrio spp. was documented. As for yeast populations, the predominance of Candida spp., Debaryomyces spp., and Saccharomyces spp. was evidenced. The present literature review could serve as comprehensive database for the scientific community, and as a reference for the food industry in order to formulate tailored starter or adjunctive cultures for product improvement.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Acclimatization; Africa, Western; Bacillus; Candida; Databases, Factual; Enterococcaceae; Fishes
PubMed: 37689879
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113112 -
PloS One 2023Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels have shown numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These health activities are...
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels have shown numerous health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These health activities are owed to the unique phytochemical components present in pomegranate peels. Variations in the pomegranate cultivar, geographical region, and extraction methods significantly affect the phytochemical composition and concentrations of pomegranate fruits and their peels, hence their health outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the phytochemical contents of pomegranate peels of Jordanian origin and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Among the 6 extracts of pomegranate peels tested, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC = 297.70 ± 1.73 mg GAE/g DW), highest total flavonoids content (TFC = 116.08 ± 3.46 mg RE/g DW), highest hydrolyzable tannins (HT) contents (688.50 ± 3.54 mg TE/g DW). Whereas the highest condensed tannins (CT) content was found in both the ethanol (13.87 ± 0.58 mg CE/g DW) and methanol (13.84 ± 0.55 mg CE/g DW) extracts. For the antioxidant activities, the water extract of pomegranate peels displayed the highest inhibitory effect on DPPH radicals (9.43 ± 0.06 μmole TE/g DW), while for the ABTS+ assay the methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited the highest activities of 11.09 ± 0.02 and 11.09 ± 0.06 μmole TE/g DW, respectively. For the FRAP assay, the aqueous methanol extract exhibited the highest reducing activity (1.60 ± 0.09 mmole Fe (II)/g DW). As for the antimicrobial activities of various extracts of pomegranate peels, the highest antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus was achieved by the ethanol extract (MIC = 6.25 mg/mL), whereas the lowest antimicrobial activity was observed against Candida krusei using the methanol extract (MIC = 100 mg/mL). These results indicate that pomegranate peels of Jordanian origin are rich in phytochemical content and exhibited strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities making these agroindustrial by-products potential candidates for various medical applications and possible safe sources for important bioactive components.
Topics: Antioxidants; Fruit; Pomegranate; Plant Extracts; Jordan; Methanol; Phytochemicals; Ethanol; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38032959
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295129 -
ACS Omega Nov 2023Currently, we report the preparation of transition metal complexes Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) of hydrazone Schiff base ligands, which are obtained by the condensation...
Currently, we report the preparation of transition metal complexes Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) of hydrazone Schiff base ligands, which are obtained by the condensation reaction of substituted salicylaldehyde and hydrazines. The synthesized hydrazone ligands and their metal complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-vis, nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR and C NMR), and mass spectrometry analyses. All of the quantum chemistry calculations were performed using DFT executed in the Gaussian 09 software package. The geometry was optimized by using the density functional theory (DFT) approximation at the B3LYP level with a basis set of 6-31G (d, p). There was excellent agreement between the FT-IR values obtained experimentally and those obtained theoretically for the test compounds. It is worth noting that none of the optimized geometries for any of the Schiff base and metal complexes had any eigenvalues that were negative, indicating that these geometries represent the true minimum feasible energy surfaces. We also analyzed the electrostatic potential of the molecule and NBO calculation at the same level of theory. Gauss View 6 was utilized for the file organization of the input data. Gauss View 6.0, Avogadro, and Chemcraft were used to determine the data. Additionally, synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (, ) and Gram-positive bacteria (, ) and two fungal strains (, ). These research findings have established the potential of ligands and their metal complexes as antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the compounds demonstrated promising nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, with potential applications across a wide range of contemporary technologies.
PubMed: 38024690
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05322 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023A series of novel Mannich bases were designed, synthesized, and screened for their antimicrobial activity. The target compounds were synthesized from...
A series of novel Mannich bases were designed, synthesized, and screened for their antimicrobial activity. The target compounds were synthesized from 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and different piperazine derivatives. The structures of the products were confirmed by H and C NMR and elemental analysis. The activity of piperazine derivatives against bacteria (Gram-positive: , , , , and ; Gram-negative: , , , and ) and yeasts (, , and ) was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values. Significant activity was observed against Gram-positive bacteria, mainly staphylococci (-) and bacteria of the genes of and (), as well as selected strains of Gram-negative bacteria, including bacteria of the family (), while all tested compounds showed high fungistatic activity against spp. yeasts, especially , with MICs ranging from 0.49 µg/mL () to 0.98 µg/mL () and 62.5 µg/mL (). In conclusion, the results obtained confirm the multidirectional antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized piperazine derivatives. Furthermore, in silico studies suggest that the tested compounds are likely to have good oral bioavailability. The results obtained will provide valuable data for further research into this interesting group of compounds. The library of compounds obtained is still the subject of pharmacological research aimed at finding new interesting biologically active compounds.
Topics: Piperazine; Mannich Bases; Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Candida; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37513434
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145562 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2023Mentha suaveolens, Lavandula stoechas, and Ammi visnaga are widely used in Moroccan folk medicine against several pathological disorders, including diabetes and...
Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants: Mentha suaveolens, Lavandula stoechas, and Ammi visnaga.
Mentha suaveolens, Lavandula stoechas, and Ammi visnaga are widely used in Moroccan folk medicine against several pathological disorders, including diabetes and infectious diseases. This work was designed to determine the chemical profile of M. suaveolens (MSEO), L. stoechas (LSEO), and A. visnaga (AVEO) essential oils and assess their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. The volatile components of LSEO, AVEO, and MSEO were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro antidiabetic activity was assessed using α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, while DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. The antimicrobial activities were investigated using disc diffusion and broth-microdilution assays. GC-MS investigation revealed that the main components were fenchone (29.77 %) and camphor (24.9 %) for LSEO, and linalool (38.29 %) for AVEO, while MSEO was mainly represented by piperitenone oxide (74.55 %). The results of the antimicrobial evaluation showed that all examined essential oils (EOs) had noticeable antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and yeast, especially Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values were ranged from 0.015 % to 0.5 %. The MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios were less than or equal to 4.0 % (v/v), indicating their noticeable bactericidal and candidacidal efficacy. Moreover, the three EOs showed significant inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase (p < 0.05). It also exerted remarkable activity on FRAP, β-carotene, and DPPH radicals. These findings demonstrated that the tested plants have promising biological activities, validating their ethnomedicinal value and providing potential applications as natural drugs.
Topics: Antioxidants; Oils, Volatile; Lavandula; Ammi; Mentha; Plants, Medicinal; Hypoglycemic Agents; beta Carotene; alpha-Glucosidases; Anti-Infective Agents; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37267633
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114937 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2023Disinfection of alginate impression materials is a mandatory step to prevent cross-infection in dental clinics. However, alginate disinfection methods are time-consuming...
OBJECTIVES
Disinfection of alginate impression materials is a mandatory step to prevent cross-infection in dental clinics. However, alginate disinfection methods are time-consuming and exert a negative impact on accuracy and mechanical properties. Thus, this study aimed to prepare disinfecting agents (CHX and AgNO) and silver nanoparticles reduced by a natural plant extract to produce a self-disinfecting dental alginate.
METHODS
Conventional alginate impression material was used in this study. Silver nitrate (0.2% AgNO group) and chlorohexidine (0.2% CHX group) solutions were prepared using distilled water, and these solutions were later employed for alginate preparation. Moreover, a 90% aqueous plant extract was prepared from Boswellia sacra (BS) oleoresin and used to reduce silver nitrate to form silver nanoparticles that were incorporated in the dental alginate preparation (BS+AgNPs group). The plant extract was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis while green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An agar disc diffusion assay was used to test the antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains, and Micrococcus luteus. Agar plates were incubated at 37 ± 1 °C for 24 h to allow microbial growth. Diameters of the circular inhibition zones formed around each specimen were measured digitally by using ImageJ software.
RESULTS
Chemical analysis of the plant extract revealed the presence of 41 volatile and semi-volatile active compounds. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, SEM, and EDX confirmed the formation of spherical silver nanoparticles using the BS extract. CHX, AgNO, and the BS+AgNPs modified groups showed significantly larger inhibition zones than the control group against all tested strains. BS+AgNPs and CHX groups showed comparable efficacy against all tested strains except for Staphylococcus aureus, where the CHX-modified alginate had a significantly higher effect.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
CHX, silver nitrate, and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles could be promising inexpensive potential candidates for the preparation of a self-disinfecting alginate impression material without affecting its performance. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using Boswellia sacra extract could be a very safe, efficient, and nontoxic way with the additional advantage of a synergistic action between metal ions and the phytotherapeutic agents of the plant extract.
Topics: Alginates; Disinfection; Silver Nitrate; Metal Nanoparticles; Agar; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Silver; Plant Extracts; Staphylococcus aureus; Nanotechnology; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37775587
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05277-8 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The presence of pathogens and the state of diseases, particularly skin diseases, may alter the composition of human skin microbiome. HIV infection has been reported to...
The presence of pathogens and the state of diseases, particularly skin diseases, may alter the composition of human skin microbiome. HIV infection has been reported to impair gut microbiome that leads to severe consequences. However, with cutaneous manifestations, that can be life-threatening, due to the opportunistic pathogens, little is known whether HIV infection might influence the skin microbiome and affect the skin homeostasis. This study catalogued the profile of skin microbiome of healthy Cameroonians, at three different skin sites, and compared them to the HIV-infected individuals. Taking advantage on the use of molecular assay coupled with next-generation sequencing, this study revealed that alpha-diversity of the skin microbiome was higher and beta-diversity was altered significantly in the HIV-infected Cameroonians than in the healthy ones. The relative abundance of skin microbes such as and species was higher and species was significantly lower in HIV-infected people, indicating an early change in the human skin microbiome in response to the HIV infection. This phenotypical shift was not related to the number of CD4 T cell count thus the cause remains to be identified. Overall, these data may offer an important lead on the role of skin microbiome in the determination of cutaneous disease state and the discovery of safe pharmacological preparations to treat microbial-related skin disorders.
Topics: Humans; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; HIV Infections; Cameroon; Microbiota; Skin
PubMed: 38029259
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1211899