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Frontiers in Allergy 2023Urticaria is a common disease that can affect individuals of all age groups, with approximately one-quarter of the population experiencing it at least once in their... (Review)
Review
Urticaria is a common disease that can affect individuals of all age groups, with approximately one-quarter of the population experiencing it at least once in their lifetime. Lesions characterized by erythema and itchy hives can appear anywhere on the body. These can vary in size ranging from millimeters to centimeters, and typically clear within 24 h. About 40% of patients with urticaria have accompanying angioedema, which involves localized deep tissue swelling. Urticaria usually occurs spontaneously and is classified into acute and chronic forms, with the latter referring to a condition that lasts for more than 6 weeks. The prevalence of chronic urticaria in the general population ranges from 0.5% to 5%, and it can either be inducible or spontaneous. The most common form of pediatric urticaria is acute and is usually self-limiting. However, a broad differential diagnosis should be considered in children with urticaria, particularly if they also have accompanying systemic complaints. Differential diagnoses of pediatric urticaria include chronic spontaneous urticaria, chronic inducible urticaria, serum sickness-like reaction, urticarial vasculitis, and mast cell disorders. Conditions that can mimic urticaria, including but not limited to cryopyrinopathies, hyper IgD syndrome, Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Adenitis (PFAPA), Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPs), and Schnitzler syndrome should also be considered. The many faces of pediatric urticaria can be both easy and confusing. A pragmatic approach relies on clinical foresight and understanding the various forms of urticaria and their potential mimickers. This approach can pave the way for an accurate and optimized diagnostic approach in children with urticaria.
PubMed: 38026129
DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1267663 -
Biomedical Engineering Online Jul 2023In the future, extended reality technology will be widely used. People will be led to utilize virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in their daily... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In the future, extended reality technology will be widely used. People will be led to utilize virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in their daily lives, hobbies, numerous types of entertainment, and employment. Medical augmented reality has evolved with applications ranging from medical education to picture-guided surgery. Moreover, a bulk of research is focused on clinical applications, with the majority of research devoted to surgery or intervention, followed by rehabilitation and treatment applications. Numerous studies have also looked into the use of augmented reality in medical education and training.
METHODS
Using the databases Semantic Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect, a scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. To find other articles, a manual search was also carried out in Google Scholar. This study presents studies carried out over the previous 14 years (from 2009 to 2023) in detail. We classify this area of study into the following categories: (1) AR and VR in surgery, which is presented in the following subsections: subsection A: MR in neurosurgery; subsection B: spine surgery; subsection C: oral and maxillofacial surgery; and subsection D: AR-enhanced human-robot interaction; (2) AR and VR in medical education presented in the following subsections; subsection A: medical training; subsection B: schools and curriculum; subsection C: XR in Biomedicine; (3) AR and VR for rehabilitation presented in the following subsections; subsection A: stroke rehabilitation during COVID-19; subsection B: cancer and VR, and (4) Millimeter-wave and MIMO systems for AR and VR.
RESULTS
In total, 77 publications were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Four distinct AR and/or VR applications groups could be differentiated: AR and VR in surgery (N = 21), VR and AR in Medical Education (N = 30), AR and VR for Rehabilitation (N = 15), and Millimeter-Wave and MIMO Systems for AR and VR (N = 7), where N is number of cited studies. We found that the majority of research is devoted to medical training and education, with surgical or interventional applications coming in second. The research is mostly focused on rehabilitation, therapy, and clinical applications. Moreover, the application of XR in MIMO has been the subject of numerous research.
CONCLUSION
Examples of these diverse fields of applications are displayed in this review as follows: (1) augmented reality and virtual reality in surgery; (2) augmented reality and virtual reality in medical education; (3) augmented reality and virtual reality for rehabilitation; and (4) millimeter-wave and MIMO systems for augmented reality and virtual reality.
Topics: Humans; Augmented Reality; Biomedical Engineering; COVID-19; Virtual Reality; Stroke Rehabilitation
PubMed: 37525193
DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01138-3